A More Perfect Union: What We the People Can Do to Reclaim Our Constitutional Liberties
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Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.
Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.
Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article.
Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission.
AMENDMENT XXI
Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.
Section 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.
Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
AMENDMENT XXII
Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this Article was proposed by Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.
Section 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.
AMENDMENT XXIII
Section 1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as Congress may direct:
A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
AMENDMENT XXIV
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay poll tax or other tax.
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
AMENDMENT XXV
Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.
Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.
Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.
Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.
Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.
AMENDMENT XXVI
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
AMENDMENT XXVII
No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of representatives shall have intervened.
NOTES
Chapter 1: Our Guide to Freedom
1. Thomas Jefferson, “First Inaugural Address in Washington, D.C.,” Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States (Washington, DC: U.S. G.P.O., 1989), www.bartleby.com/124/pres16.html.
2. James Madison, The Federalist Papers, Federalist No. 57, February 19, 1788.
3. Andrew Jackson, “Farewell Address, March 4, 1837,” The American Presidency Project, www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=67087.
4. Thomas Jefferson, “A Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge,” June 18, 1778.
5. John Adams, “A Dissertation on Canon and Feudal Law, 1765,” 7, The Federalist Papers Project, http://thefederalistpapers.integratedmarket.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/John-Adams-A-Dissertation-on-Canon-and-Feudal-Law.pdf.
6. Thomas Jefferson, “Letter to Colonel Charles Yancey, January 6, 1816,” www.bartleby.com/73/492.html.
Chapter 2: History of the Constitution
1. David O. Stewart, The Summer of 1787 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007), 20.
&n
bsp; 2. Ibid.
3. “Wednesday, February 21, 1787,” Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789, ed. Worthington C. Ford et al. (Washington, DC, 1904–37), 32:74, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=032/lljc032.db&recNum=83.
4. National Archives, “America’s Founding Fathers: Delegates to the Constitutional Convention,” www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_founding_fathers.html.
5. Biographical sources for the founding fathers in chapter 1: Ibid.; National Constitution Center, “Founding Fathers,” http://constitutioncenter.org/learn/educational-resources/founding-fathers/; Bio, “Founding Fathers,” www.biography.com/people/groups/founding-fathers; Gordon Lloyd, “The Constitutional Convention: Individual Biographies of the Delegates to the Constitutional Convention,” TeachingAmericanHistory.org, http://teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/delegates/; University of Gronigen, “American History from Revolution to Reconstruction and Beyond: Biographies,” 2012, www.let.rug.nl/usa/biographies/.
6. TeachingAmericanHistory.org, “Alexander Hamilton,” http://teachingamericanhistory.org/static/convention/delegates/hamilton.html.
Chapter 3: We the People
1. John Adams, “Notes for an Oration at Braintree, Spring 1772,” Founders Online, http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/01-02-02-0002-0002-0001.
2. Deena Winter, “Nebraska School Suggests Teachers Avoid Calling Students Boys or Girls to Be ‘Gender Inclusive,’” NebraskaWatchdog.org, Oct. 2, 2014, http://watchdog.org/174768/gender-inclusive/.
3. Ayn Rand, Philosophy: Who Needs It (New York: Signet, 1984).
4. Ronald Reagan, “The Problem of Government, First Address as Governor of California,” January 5, 1967, The Greatest Speeches of Ronald Reagan (West Palm Beach, FL: NewsMax, 2001), 7.
5. Respectfully Quoted: A Dictionary of Quotations (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1989), 1593, www.bartleby.com/73/.
Chapter 4: In Order to Form a More Perfect Union
1. Thomas Jefferson, “Letter to Samuel Kercheval, June 12, 1816,” TeachingAmericanHistory.org, http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/letter-to-samuel-kercheval/.
Chapter 6: Provide for the Common Defense
1. James Madison, “The Federalist Number 10, 22 November 1787,” Founders Online, http://founders.archives.gov/?q=enlightened%20statesmen%20will%20not%20always%20be%20at%20the%20helm&s=1111311111&sa=&r=3&sr=.
2. Paul Leicester Ford, “Pamphlets on the Constitution of the United States, Published During Its Discussion by the People, 1787–1788,” (Brooklyn, NY, 1888), http://archive.org/details/cu31924020874099; https://ia600508.us.archive.org/8/items/cu31924020874099/cu31924020874099.pdf.
3. Thomas Jefferson quoting Essay on Crimes and Punishments by Cesare Beccaria, www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/laws-forbid-carrying-armsquotation.
4. George Washington, “Inaugural Address of 1789,” National Archives and Records Administration, April 30, 1789, www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals/inaugtxt.html.
5. C. S. Lewis, God in the Dock, 324.
6. Daniel Webster and Callie L. Bonney, The Wisdom and Eloquence of Daniel Webster (New York: John B. Alden, 1886), 62–63.
7. Lyman C. Draper, Annual Report on the Condition and Improvement of the Common Schools and Education Interests (Wisconsin: Atwood & Rublee, 1858), 200.
Chapter 7: Promote the General Welfare
1. Patrick Henry, “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death, March 23, 1775,” The Avalon Project, Yale Lillian Goldman Law Library, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/patrick.asp.
2. “Dwight D. Eisenhower Quotes,” Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, www.eisenhower.archives.gov/all_about_ike/quotes.html.
Chapter 8: Secure the Blessings of Liberty to Ourselves and Our Posterity
1. “Thomas Jefferson Quotations [see #3],” The Jefferson Monticello, Monticello.org, http://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/chain-email-10-jefferson-quotations#footnote2_8k5i6pd.
2. See www.usdebtclock.org for most current data.
3. “Historical Debt Outstanding—Annual 2000–2014,” Treasury Direct, www.treasurydirect.gov/govt/reports/pd/histdebt/histdebt_histo5.htm.
4. “How Much Did the National Debt Increase in 2013?” Bankrupting America, January 2, 2014, www.bankruptingamerica.org/how-much-did-the-national-debt-increase-in-2013-breaking-it-down/#.VV1t1Ov2HwM.
5. “Sep. 10, This Day in History: Nathan Hale volunteers to Spy Behind British Lines,” History.com, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nathan-hale-volunteers-to-spy-behind-british-lines.
Chapter 9: Article 1, the Legislative Branch
1. Introduction by Roger A. Bruns to A More Perfect Union: The Creation of the United States Constitution (Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives Trust Fund Board, 1986), www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_history.html.
2. Michael B. Rappaport, “Presentment Clause,” The Heritage Guide to the Constitution, Lesson 8: Lawmaking and the Rule of Law, The Heritage Foundation, 158, www.heritage.org/constitution/content/pdf/lesson-8.pdf.
Chapter 10: Article 2, the Executive Branch
1. Julie Percha, “The 3 Most Contentious Confirmation Hearings,” Washington Post, February 4, 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2015/02/04/the-3-most-contentious-confirmation-hearings-caught-on-tape/.
2. John Adams, “To the Officers of the First Brigade of the Third Division of the Militia of Massachusetts, 11 October 1798,” The Works of John Adams, vol. 9 (Letters and State Papers 1799–1811) (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1856), http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/adams-the-works-of-john-adams-vol-9-letters-and-state-papers-1799-1811/simple#lf1431-09_head_222.
Chapter 12: Articles 4–7
1. Rich Tucker, “America’s Debt, Through the Eyes of the Founders,” The Heritage Foundation, October 8, 2013, www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/10/national-debt-and-the-founding-fathers; “About Alexander Hamilton,” U.S. Department of the Treasury, November 11, 2010, www.treasury.gov/about/history/pages/ahamilton.aspx.
2. National Archives, “The Ratification of the Constitution,” www.archives.gov/education/lessons/constitution-day/ratification.html.
3. National Archives, “Teaching with Documents: Observing Constitution Day,” www.archives.gov/education/lessons/constitution-day/signers.html.
Chapter 13: The Bill of Rights
1. Mary Beth Marklein, “On Campus: Free Speech for You but Not for Me?” USA Today, November 3, 2003, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2003-11-02-free-speech-cover_x.htm; Dr. Susan Berry, “Brandeis Student Journalist: ‘Selective Outrage’ on Campus, Students ‘Intimidated,’ ‘Shamed into Silence,’” Breitbart.com, January 11, 2015, http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/01/11/brandeis-student-journalist-selective-outrage-on-campus-students-intimidated-shamed-into-silence/; Kirsten Powers, “How Liberals Ruined College,” The Daily Beast, May 11, 2015, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/05/11/how-liberals-have-ruined-college.html; Napp Nazworth, “The Top 10 Worst Offenders of Free Speech on College Campuses,” Christian Post, March 6, 2015, http://m.christianpost.com/news/top-10-worst-offenders-of-free-speech-on-college-campuses-135274/.
Chapter 14: Later Amendments
1. “Amendment XXII: Two-Term Limit on Presidency,” Annenberg Classroom Interpretation, National Constitution Center, http://constitutioncenter.org/constitution/the-amendments/amendment-22-presidential-term-limits.
Chapter 15: A Call to Action
1. Andrew A. Lipscomb and Albert Ellery Bergh, eds., “Thomas Jefferson, Resolutions Relative to the Alien and Sedition Acts,” The Writings of Thomas Jefferson (Washington, DC: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association, 1905), http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch8s41.html.
2. John Adams, The Political Writings of John Adams, George W. Carey, ed.
(Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing Inc., 2000), 157.
3. William J. Bennett, The Spirit of America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997), p. 37.
INDEX
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
abortion, 89–92
Adams, John, 5, 11, 31, 129, 138–39, 191–92
Affordable Care Act, 99, 110
amending the Constitution (Article V), 150–52, 211–12
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 90
“American Crisis” (Paine), 192–93
Anti-Federalists, 23, 24, 169–70
appointments, presidential, 134–35
Articles of Confederation, 9–10
Article 1 (legislative branch), 97–124
congressional order, 108–10
elections and congressional sessions, 107–8
House of Representatives, 99–104
laws for liberty, 124
legislative powers, 98–99, 124
limits on federal power, 120–23
limits on state power, 124
passing bills, 110–11
the Senate, 104–7
specific powers, 112–20
taxation, 112
text of, 197–205
Article 2 (executive branch), 125–39
presidency today, 139
presidential elections, 128–31
presidential powers, 132–37
presidential responsibility and accountability, 137–39
president’s oath of office, 125, 207
president’s position and staff, 127
president’s qualifications, successors, and salary, 131–32
text of, 205–9
Article 3 (judicial branch), 140–46
juries and justice, 143–44
jurisdiction, 143