A More Perfect Union: What We the People Can Do to Reclaim Our Constitutional Liberties
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text of, 209–10
treason, 144–45
Article 4, 148–50, 210–11
Article 5, 150–52, 211–12
Article 6, 152–54, 212
Article 7, 154–55, 212
assistance of counsel, 166
bail, 167, 214
balanced budget
borrowing money, role of Congress, 113, 202
dangers of debt, 84–87
Baldwin, Abraham, 14
ballot referenda, 48, 142, 169
bankruptcy law, 114–15
Bassett, Richard, 14
Bill of Rights, 156–90. See also specific amendments
Anti-Federalists and, 24
later amendments, 171–90
text of, 213–25
bills of attainder, 121–22, 204
Boston Tea Party, 19
Broom, Jacob, 15
Bush, George H. W., 134–35
Bush, George W., 128
businessmen, at the Constitutional Convention, 15–17
Butler, Pierce, 13
capitalism, 15, 80–81, 116–17
charity, promoting private, 75–78
checks and balances, 95, 110–11, 120
child labor, 173
Churchill, Winston, 133
citizenship, 114, 174–75
civil service jobs, 135–36
civil unions, 53–54
Clinton, Bill, 107
Clymer, George, 15–16
college students, right to vote, 188
Colonial life, 8–12, 16
commerce, role of Congress, 113
commerce clause, 168–69
“common defense” in Preamble, 56–66
defense abroad, 57–60
defense at home, 60–64
protecting our future, 65–66
too much defense, 64–65
community-based programs, 76–77
compulsory process, 166
confiscation, 165, 214
Congress, U.S. See House of Representatives; Senate, U.S.
congressional elections, 101, 105, 107–8, 179–80
congressional order, 108–10
Congressional Record, 109
congressional sessions, 108
Constitutional Convention (1787), 11–25, 99, 191–92
Constitution of the United States, 95–193
amendments to. See Bill of Rights
Article 1, 97–124, 197–205
Article 2, 125–39, 205–9
Article 3, 140–46, 209–10
Article 4, 148–50, 210–11
Article 5, 150–52, 211–12
Article 6, 152–54, 212
Article 7, 154–55, 212
history of, 7–25
as our guide to freedom, 1–6
Preamble to. See Preamble to the U.S. Constitution
text of, 197–212
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 125
Continental Congress, 10–11
copyright law, 116–17
court system. See also judicial branch
role of Congress, 117
crimes
citizens committing in other countries, 117
extradition, 149
habeas corpus, 121, 204
treason, 144–46
trial by jury, 143–44, 164–68
cruel and unusual punishment, 167, 214
culture of dependency, 73–75
currency, 80, 115–20
day-care centers, 76–77
Dayton, Jonathan, 11
death of president, and succession, 131–32, 187
death penalty, 145, 167
debt, 46, 80, 84–87, 113, 153, 176–77
declaration of war, role of Congress, 118, 136–37, 203
defense. See “common defense” in Preamble
details trap, escaping the, 42–44
Detroit riots of 1967, 132
Dickinson, John, 13
District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.), 119–20, 183–85
doctors, at the Constitutional Convention, 17–19
“double jeopardy” clause, 165
due process, 165, 174–75
early colonies, 8–12
education, 14–15, 88–89
egalitarianism, 13–14, 29–30
Eighth Amendment, 167, 214
Eighteenth Amendment, 180, 181, 219–20
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 81
elections (election procedure)
House of Representatives, 101, 107–8
the president, 128–31, 172–73
Senate, 105, 107–8, 179–80
Electoral College, 128–29, 172–73
Eleventh Amendment, 171–72, 215
eligibility
House of Representatives, 101
the president, 131
the Senate, 105–6
enumeration, 168
environmental preservation, 79–80
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 79–80
excessive fines, 167
executive branch. See Article 2
executive orders, 99
executive overreach and abuse, 111, 126, 139
limits on, 98–99, 125–27, 197–205
executive powers, 132–37
“ex post facto,” 121–22, 204
extradition, 149
federalism, 44–46, 47–48, 148–50, 168–69
Federalist Papers, 24
Federalists, 23–24
First Amendment, 34–38, 156–60, 213
Fifth Amendment, 164–65, 213–14
Fifteenth Amendment, 177–78, 218
flat tax, 72
foreign relations
“provide for the common defense” in Preamble, 57–60
role of Congress, 117–19
role of president, 133–34, 207–8
Fourth Amendment, 65, 162–64, 213
Fourteenth Amendment, 91, 174–77, 217–18
Franklin, Benjamin, 11, 21–22
Franklin, James, 21
freedom of assembly, 159
freedom of speech, 34–38, 158–59
freedom of the press, 158–59
free trade, role of Congress, 113
gay marriage, 53–54
“general Welfare” in Preamble, 67–82
benefit of supporting families, 78–79
dangers of government dependency, 73–75
dangers of unfair taxation, 71–73
maintaining the currency, 80
one party vs., 70–71
promoting private charity, 75–78
protecting the environment, 79–80
special accommodation vs., 68–70
Geneva Conventions, 60
gerrymandering, 104
Gilman, Nicholas, 15
God, 14, 93, 154
gold standard, 115
“good Behavior” clause, 142
Gore, Al, 128
government bailouts of 2008, 115
government dependency, dangers of, 73–75
government employees, 135–36
Gray, C. Boyden, ix–x
gun control, 62–63, 161
guns, 57, 60–63, 160–61
gun safety, 63–64
habeas corpus, 121, 204
Hale, Nathan, 86–87, 187–88
Hamilton, Alexander, 13, 23, 153
handouts, 68, 74, 75
health care, 18, 110. See also Affordable Care Act
Henry, Patrick, 81
history of the Constitution, 7–25
House Jou
rnal, 109
House of Representatives, 99–104
congressional order, 108–10
congressional sessions, 108
limits on power, 120–23
passing bills, 110–11
specific powers, 112–20
immigration policy, 44, 99
role of Congress, 114
immunities clause, 174–75
impartial juries, 166
impeachment of the president, 138
role of House, 103–4
role of Senate, 106–7
imperfect union, dangers of, 46–48
income tax. See taxation
informed voting, 33
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 36, 163
international relations
role of Congress, 117–19
role of president, 133–34
interstate commerce, 113, 204
Islamic terrorism, 57–58, 64–65, 145
Jay, John, 12, 24
Jefferson, Thomas, 2, 4, 5–6, 11, 47, 61–62, 84, 129, 191
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 40–41, 42–43
Johnson, William Samuel, 12
judicial branch (Article 3), 140–46
juries and justice, 143–44
jurisdiction, 143
text of, 209–10
treason, 144–45
judicial interpretation, 166–67, 168
judicial overreach, 47–48, 54
limits, 98–99, 142, 209–11
juries (jury system), 143–44, 164–68
jurisdiction, of federal courts, 143
“Justice and domestic Tranquility” in Preamble, 49–55
local rule, 54–55
in marriage, 53–54
preserving justice, 55
proper procedure, 50–51
trustworthy law enforcement, 51–53
Langdon, John, 15
law enforcement, 51–53
leadership
of House of Representatives, 102–3
of Senate, 106
legislative branch (Article 1), 97–124
congressional order, 108–10
elections and congressional sessions, 107–8
House of Representatives, 99–104
laws for liberty, 124
legislative powers, 98–99, 124
limits on federal power, 120–23
limits on state power, 124
passing bills, 110–11
the Senate, 104–7
specific powers, 112–20
taxation, 112
text of, 197–205
legitimate trials, 121–22
letter of marque and reprisal, 118
Lewis, C. S., 63
“liberty and justice for all,” 124
Lincoln, Abraham, 138
Livingston, Robert, 12
local police, 51–53
local rule, 54–55
McClurg, James, 19
McHenry, James, 18
Madison, James, 3, 20, 24, 60–61, 138, 189
marriage, 53–54
Marshall, Thurgood, 50–51
martial law, 132–33
Martin, Luther, 22–23
Mason, George, 14–15
medical malpractice, 144
Mercer, John, 23
Mifflin, Thomas, 17
military. See “common defense” in Preamble
militias, 119
Second Amendment, 60–61, 160–61
mob rule, 50, 142
monetary policy, 80, 113, 115–20
“more perfect Union” in Preamble, 40–48
balancing federal and state powers, 44–46
dangers of an imperfect union, 46–48
escaping the details trap, 42–44
preserving the union, 48
Morris, Gouverneur, 12–13
Morris, Robert, 16–17
national debt, 46, 80, 84–87, 113, 153, 176–77
National Guard, 119, 160
National Security Agency (NSA), 162–63
National Trial Lawyers, 144
“necessary and proper” clause, 112, 120
New Jersey Plan, 23
Ninth Amendment, 168, 214
Nineteenth Amendment, 180–81, 220
notice of accusation, 166
number of representatives, 101–2
Obama, Barack, 99, 110, 125
open primaries, 186
Opportunity Village, in Las Vegas, 76
Paine, Thomas, 192–93
partisanship, 70–71
“perfect Union” in Preamble, 40–48
balancing federal and state powers, 44–46
dangers of an imperfect union, 46–48
escaping the details trap, 42–44
preserving the union, 48
Pierce, William, 15, 23
Pinckney, Charles, 20
“pleading the Fifth,” 165
police force, 51–53
political conventions, 129–30
political correctness (PC) police, 34–37, 158, 192
political parties, 70–71, 129–31
poll taxes, 185–86
Poor Richard’s Almanack, 21
popular vote, 128–29
postal system, 116
Preamble to the U.S. Constitution, 27–96, 197
“we the People of the United States,” 27, 29–39
“in Order to form a more perfect Union,” 40–48
“establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility,” 49–55
“provide for the common defense,” 56–66
“promote the general Welfare,” 67–82
“and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity,” 83–93
president (presidency), 125–39
position and staff of, 127
powers of, 132–37
qualifications, successors, and salary of, 131–32
responsibility and accountability of, 137–39
today, 139
presidential cabinet, 136–37
presidential elections, 128–31, 172–73
presidential overreach and abuse, 111, 126, 139
limits on, 98–99, 125–27, 197–205
presidential pardons, 133
presidential succession, 131–32, 187
presidential veto, 111
president pro tempore, 106, 131, 223, 224
privacy
Fourth Amendment, 65, 162–64, 213
security vs., 64–65, 162–63
private charity, 75–78
privileges clause, 174–75
Prohibition, 180, 181–82
property rights, 165, 214
proportional income-tax system, 72–73
protecting innocent life, 89–92
Rand, Ayn, 36
ratification (Article VII), 154–55, 212
Read, George, 13
Reagan, Ronald, 38
recapitulation, 168
Reid, Harry, 110
religion (religious liberty)
First Amendment, 156–60, 213
role at Constitutional Convention, 14
separation of church and state, 154, 157
residency requirements, 148–49, 185
rights, exercising power by knowing your, 30–31
right to bear arms, 60–61, 160–61
Roe v. Wade, 91
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 133, 183
“royalty,” limits on, 123
Rush, Benjamin, 18
salaries
of congressmen, 110, 189–90
of judi
cial officials, 142
of the president, 132
searches and seizures, 65, 162–64
Second Amendment, 56–57, 60–61, 62, 63, 160–61, 213
“secure the blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity,” 83–93
segregation, 50–51
self-incrimination, 165
self-representation, 166
self-sufficiency, 74, 76–77, 87
Senate, U.S., 104–7
congressional order, 108–10
congressional sessions, 108
limits on power, 120–23
passing bills, 110–11
specific powers, 112–20
Senate Journal, 109
separation of church and state, 154, 157
Fourteenth Amendment, 217–18
separation of powers, 95, 110–11, 120, 126
September 11 attacks (2001), 118
Seventh Amendment, 166–67, 214
Seventeenth Amendment, 105, 179–80, 219
sex slavery, 173
Sherman, Roger, 15
Sixth Amendment, 165–66, 214
Sixteenth Amendment, 178–79, 218
slaves and slavery, 50, 53, 102, 120–21, 149, 173, 174–76, 177–78
soldiers
at Constitutional Convention, 17
quartering of (Third Amendment), 161–62, 213
rules of ethical warfare, 59–60
sovereignty of the Constitution (Article VI), 152–54, 212
Speaker of the House, 103, 131, 223, 224
speaking up, exercising power by, 34–38
special-interest groups, 68–69
special sessions, 108, 138
speedy trials, 165–66
state elections, 148–49
state militias, 119
Second Amendment, 60–61, 160–61
State of the Union address, 137–38
state sovereignty, 168–69
states’ rights
balancing federal power and, 44–46, 148–50, 168–69
benefits of local rule, 54–55
limits of, 124
threats to, 44–46
succession, presidential, 131–32, 187
Supreme Court of the United States, 117, 141–42, 143
abortion and, 91
Affordable Care Act and, 99, 110
presidential appointments, 134–35
surveillance, 64–65, 162–63
Takings Clause, 165, 214
taxation, 45, 46, 84–85
dangers of unfair, 71–73
fairness of flat tax, 72
limits on, 122–23
role of Congress, 112, 122–23, 178–79, 201–2, 218
Sixteenth Amendment, 178–79, 218
Tenth Amendment, 168–69, 215
term duration and limits