Traditional Japanese Literature
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Companion Library, The (Otogi bunko), 507n.169
Confessions of Lady Nijō, The (Towazugatari; Lady Nijō), 382, 383–96
Confucianism, 6, 7, 61; in Heian period, 86, 248; in Muromachi period, 500n.139. See also Analects
Confucius, 249
Conversations on Sarugaku (Sarugakudangi; Zeami), 422, 434, 448n.56
courtship songs (kagai; utagaki), 12, 36
creating force (musuhi), 13
criticism, of fiction, 256–60, 284. See also Illustration of the Three Jewels; Mirror of the Present
culture, 4–8; Chinese, 83, 87, 222n.217; elite vs. popular, 413–14, 488, 508, 509–10; of Kamakura period, 280; Kitayama, 411; of Muromachi period, 412–14; of Northern and Southern Courts period, 410; oral, 11–12, 73, 328, 413; provincial, 413–14; warrior, 7, 329, 398, 411. See also imperial court: culture of
Daigo (emperor), 66, 67
daimyō (military lords), 413, 416, 508
daimyō (big landlord) kyōgen plays, 488
dance, 9, 411; in nō, 417–19, 463, 473, 474, 476, 485, 486
Dan-no-ura, battle of, 345
Daoism, 44, 61, 397. See also Zhuangzi
Daughter of Shunzei (poet), 306, 310–12
Daughter of Takasue, 2, 5, 7, 70, 128, 217–18. See also Sarashina Diary
Dazaifu (Kyushu), 88; poetry circle in, 59–61
Delicious Poison (Busu; kyōgen play), 488, 489–97
Demon Shuten Dōji, The (Shuten Dōji), 508
dengaku, 414, 486
dharma (Buddhist law), 328, 342
Dharma Treasure Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch (Rokuso hōbōdan-gyō; Huineng), 441n.44, 442n.45
diaries (nikki), 2, 3, 7, 8; Chinese language in, 222; in Heian period, 70–71, 113, 128, 139, 261; in Kamakura period, 329, 344; in Muromachi period, 382; in Northern and Southern Courts period, 507; travel, 70–71, 128, 382–96, 498; by women, 5, 69, 70, 217–18, 383–96, 413. See also Diary of the Sixteenth Night Moon; Kagerō Diary; Murasaki Shikibu’s Diary; Sarashina Diary; Tosa Diary
Diary of Izumi Shikibu, 69
Diary of the Sixteenth Night Moon, The (Izayoi nikki; Nun Abutsu), 382
divination, 146n.134
divine origins, stories of (honji-mono), 510
Dōgen, 283
drama, 9; ballad, 280, 329, 347, 411; and commoners, 413–14, 420, 487, 488; in Edo period, 416, 419, 486, 487. See also kabuki; kyōgen; nō
dream plays (mugen-nō), 7, 415, 465, 489
dreams: in Komachi, 79–82; in nō, 7, 415, 465, 489
East Country Dialogues (Azuma mondō; Sōgi), 498, 499–502
Echizen (poet), 300–301
economy, 3, 7, 11; and land ownership, 67, 68; and poverty, 61–62; and private estates, 68, 412, 487
education, 508; and civil service examinations, 83, 86n.34; of women, 139–40
Eguchi (nō play), 338
emperor (tennō), 2, 33, 278, 299n.29; cloistered, 66, 68, 409; in Kojiki, 11, 13–14, 25; and regency system, 3–4; Yamato, 12, 26. See also specific emperors
En no Gyōja (founder of Shugendō), 430
Engi era, 67, 69
enlightenment, 284, 441n.44, 508; and moon, 525n.211; vs. parental love, 64; and renga, 502; and Saigyō, 285, 292n.21
Enryaku-ji (temple), 525n.212
Errand Nun (Oyō no ama), 509
Essays in Idleness (Tsurezuregusa; Kenkō), 6, 140, 312, 396–408
Essentials of Poetic Composition (Eiga no taigai; Fujiwara no Teika), 282, 294–96
Essentials of Salvation, The (Ōjōyōshū; Genshin), 249, 283, 325n.105; and Account of a Ten-Foot-Square Hut, 316n.69, 320
etoki (picture storytellers), 413
exchange poems (sōmon), 12, 33–34, 52
exorcism, 149, 423, 424, 430, 432n.26
expedient means (hōben), 284, 425n.4
family, 6, 64–65; vs. Buddhism, 64; and school (house) system of kyōgen, 487. See also marriage
festivals: Bon, 402n.183; Iris, 150n.142; Kamo, 223n.219, 401, 407, 484; Tanabata, 98n.61, 135n.113, 229n.242, 356n.132, 401
fiction: and anecdotes, 73; criticism of, 256–60, 284; in Heian period, 70–71; modern, 345; plot patterns in, 8; vernacular, 70–71, 112–13
filial piety, 6, 73–74, 509
film, 274
Five Mountains literature (Gozan bungaku), 283
Five Obstructions (goshō), 518n.194
Flower Wreath Sutra (Kegon-kyō), 323n.97
Flowering and Decline of Tamatsukuri Komachi, The (Tamatsukuri Komachi sōsuisho), 433
folk songs (saibara), 2, 72, 89, 221n.213, 398
folktales (mukashi-banashi), 9, 71, 73, 346, 419; and anecdotes, 328, 330; and Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, 113, 114
Fudō Myōō (Acala), 334, 432nn.25,27
Fugen (bodhisattva), 320, 341n.119
Fuji, Mount, 60–61, 223, 292; in monogatari, 114, 128, 131
Fujiwara (capital), 39
Fujiwara clan: decline of, 71, 280; and literature, 70, 83, 248; northern branch of, 67, 71, 161; regency of, 3–4, 67–68, 71, 83, 90, 129, 161, 248, 260, 409; and Tales of Ise, 129, 136
Fujiwara no Akihira, Account of the New Monkey Music, 248
Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu, 67, 161
Fujiwara no Ietaka (Karyū), 302, 304, 310
Fujiwara no Kaneie, 138, 139
Fujiwara no Kanesuke, 94n.46
Fujiwara no Kintō (Shijō no dainagon), 78, 295. See also Japanese and Chinese Poems to Sing
Fujiwara no Kiyosuke, 391n.161
Fujiwara no Korechika, 139, 144, 160
Fujiwara no Kunitsune, 107
Fujiwara no Masatsune, 389n.156
Fujiwara no Michinaga, 4, 68, 71, 139, 161, 225n.226, 403n.187
Fujiwara no Michitaka, 138–39
Fujiwara no Nobuzane, 41
Fujiwara no Saneyori, 67
Fujiwara no Shunzei (Toshinari, Shakua), 113, 290n.15, 294–96, 298n.28; and Kokinshū, 91; Poetic Styles from the Past, 282; and Shinkokinshū, 304; in Tales of the Heike, 367, 368
Fujiwara no Sumitomo, 67
Fujiwara no Tametoki, 161
Fujiwara no Tameyo (Nijō Tameyo), 303n.42
Fujiwara no Teika (Sadaie), 290n.14, 294–96; Essentials of Poetic Composition, 282, 294–96; and Gosenshū, 295, 296; Hyakuban jika-awase, 307n.52; Meigetsuki, 294; and monogatari, 113, 129; and nō, 475; One Hundred Poets, One Hundred Poems, 79n.19, 128; in Shinkokinshū, 294, 295, 302n.41, 303, 305, 306n.51, 307–9, 311; Teika hachidaishō, 307n.52
Fujiwara no Tokihime, 139
Fujiwara no Tokihira, 67
Fujiwara no Toshiyuki, 100, 107, 136–37
Fujiwara no Yasuhira, 278
Fujiwara no Yorimichi, 218, 236n.258, 242n.276
Fujiwara no Yoshifusa, 67, 145n.133, 161
Fujiwara no Yoshitsune, 298, 299n.30, 300, 308
Fujiwara no Yukinari (Kōzei), 225n.225, 403
games, 284
gardening, 5, 411, 412
gazetteers. See provincial gazetteers
gekokujō (overcoming of high by low) period, 414, 488, 508–10
Gen Totoku (Minamoto no Tsunenobu), 321
Genji clan. See Minamoto clan
Genmei (empress), 13, 39, 59
Genpei war, 278, 281, 285, 313, 343, 345. See also Tales of the Heike
Genshin (priest), Essentials of Salvation, 249, 283, 316n.69, 320, 325n.105
Genshō (empress), 59
ghosts: hungry, 324n.99, 425n.7, 440n.38; in nō, 7, 415–17, 420, 426, 448, 464–86, 489
GoDaigo (emperor), 4, 279, 397, 409, 508
gods (kami), 44, 73, 281; in anecdotes, 338; avatars of, 110n.96, 228n.238, 269n.322, 510; and emperor, 4, 11; in Kojiki, 13–26; in Kokinshū, 110n.96; in kyōgen, 488; in Man’yōshū, 45; in nō, 479, 486. See also Amaterasu; Shinto–Buddhist fusion; Susano-o
GoFukakusa (emperor), 383–96
Golchijō (emperor), 68
GoSaga (emperor), 384
GoSanjō (emperor), 66, 68<
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Gosenshū (second imperial waka anthology), 91, 129, 138, 500n.142, 526n.214; in Essentials of Poetic Composition, 295, 296; in Tale of Genji, 213n.205
GoShirakawa (emperor), 299n.32; in Tales of the Heike, 347, 348, 369, 370, 375, 377
Goshūishū (fourth imperial waka anthology), 290n.15
GoToba (emperor), 4, 312, 344, 393; exile of, 278, 410; and poetry matches, 300n.34; and renga, 502, 503n.154; and Shinkokinshū, 299n.29, 302, 305, 306n.50
governors, provincial (zuryō), 3, 67, 232n.247; literati as, 83, 85; and women writers, 70, 161
Gozan (Five Mountains) Zen community, 283
goze (blind female singer-musicians), 344
Great Mirror, The (Ōkagami), 4, 71, 343
Gusai (Kyūsei; poet), 522
Gyōki (priest), 75, 322n.94
Gyokuyōshū (imperial waka anthology), 320n.85, 322nn.94–95, 383
haibun (haikai prose), 523
haikai (popular linked verse), 140, 312, 411, 521–28; in Kokinshū, 91, 111–12, 522, 523nn.204–6; and renga, 414, 487–88, 522, 523, 526; in Shinkokinshū, 298; and waka, 521–23
haiku (hokku) poetry, 6, 522
Han dynasty (China), 103n.78, 266n.318
hanka (envoy poems), 34, 40, 45, 46, 52, 54, 55, 60–61
Head Bowl (Hachikazuki), 508
Heian period, 3–4, 66–277; anecdotes in, 71–73, 507; anthologies in, 69, 72, 78, 83–84, 91, 128, 507; aristocracy in, 2, 5–6, 67, 71–73, 114, 129, 162, 163, 249, 251–52, 397; Buddhism in, 71–78, 249, 268–74; Buddhist literature in, 72–78; Chinese language in, 68–73, 83–84, 89; commoners in, 140, 261; diaries in, 70–71, 113, 128, 139, 261; history of, 66–68, 71; kana literature in, 68–69; late, 71–72, 251–77; literati in, 248–51; monogatari in, 71, 112–13, 251–77, 282; vs. Muromachi period, 412; and nō, 78, 129, 261, 412, 415; and otogi-zōshi, 411, 507, 508; warrior tales in, 72, 343, 346; women writers in, 69–71, 161–248
Heian-kyō (Kyoto), 382, 412–14; capital moved to, 13, 66, 68; destruction of, 508; in Kamakura period, 280; move from, 315; in Muromachi period, 279, 409
Heiji disturbance, 279, 345
hell, 77, 440n.38, 450, 465
Henjō (poet), 78n.16, 213n.205, 525n.214
Hidetō (poet), 301
Hiei, Mount, 312, 339n.115
hiesabi (chilled loneliness), 498
Higashi-Nijō (empress), 383, 384
Higashiyama period, 411
hijiri (holy man), 398
histories: of Chinese dynasties, 103n.78, 344; of temples, 283, 412, 507; warrior tales as, 343, 344. See also Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns; Clear Mirror; Great Mirror; Kojiki; Mirror of the Present; Nihon shoki; provincial gazetteers; Taiheiki; warrior tales
history, 2; and anecdotes, 328; and Buddhism, 260, 284; of Heian period, 66–68, 71; of Kamakura period, 278–79, 284; and Man’yōshū, 35, 39–40; and monogatari, 112, 113; of Muromachi period, 279, 409–11; of Northern and Southern Courts period, 409–11; of Yamato court, 12–13
Hobbyhorse Collection of Mad Songs (Chikuba kyōginshū), 522, 523–26
Hōgen disturbance, 279, 280, 343, 345
hōgo (vernacular Buddhist literature), 7, 283, 328
Hōjō clan, 278–79
Hōjō Takatoki, 279
hokku (haiku) poetry, 6, 522
Hōnen (priest), 281, 325, 469n.106
hongan (original vow of Amida Buddha), 470n.107
Horikawa lady, 320n.85
Hosokawa Yūsai, 138n.124, 280
house (school; iemoto) system (kyōgen), 487
humor, 5, 251, 330, 522. See also kyōgen
Ichijō (emperor), 68, 69, 138–39, 161
Ichijō Kanera (Kaneyoshi), 498
Ichi-no-tani, battle of, 346, 464
ikki (farmers’ uprisings), 488
Ikkyū (priest-poet), 283, 449n.58
illustrated screens (byōbu uta), 70, 100n.66, 104
illustrated scrolls (emaki-mono), 283, 508. See also etoki; painting
Illustration of the Three Jewels (Sanbōe-kotoba; Minamoto no Tamenori), 113
Imagawa Ryōshun, 280
immortality, 44, 114, 127–28
imperial court: culture of, 2, 3, 6, 12, 410, 412, 507; decline of, 4, 410; in Heian period, 6, 161, 260; in Kamakura period, 280, 346, 382, 383, 397; ladies-in-waiting at, 161, 236n.257; in Muromachi period, 412, 464; and nō, 464; in Northern and Southern Courts period, 410; and women’s writing, 69–70
imperial regalia (sanbō; jewel, sword, mirror), 376, 377
impermanence, 96n.51, 313, 397, 398, 481n.126; aesthetic of, 38, 79; in Tales of the Heike, 346, 349. See also mono no aware; ukiyo
Inawashiro Kensai, 526
“incomprehensible” (daruma) poems, 294, 308n.55
India, 8, 330, 349; in Collection of Tales of Times Now Past, 260, 261–66
Inuō (Dōami), 415, 422
Ippen, 281, 283, 382
Iris Festival (Tango no sekku), 150n.142
irony, 90, 91, 109n.92, 110n.95, 136n.116, 251
Ise (poet), 296
Ise Shrine, 28, 48n.29; in anecdotes, 340; in nō, 456n.79, 475, 477n.115, 482nn.131–32; pilgrimages to, 413; and Saigyō, 284, 287n.5; and Shinto, 281, 410
Izanagi and Izanami (gods), 13–19
Izumi school (kyōgen), 487, 488, 489n.138
Izumi Shikibu, 69, 139
Izumo region, 11, 28
Izumo Takeru (Izumo the Brave), 28
Jakuren (priest), 290n.14, 305, 306, 307n.51
Japanese and Chinese Poems to Sing (Wakan rōeishū; Fujiwara no Kintō), 403n.186, 467n.103; and Account of a Ten-Foot-Square Hut, 321n.90, 322n.92
Japanese language, 11–12, 68, 87, 329; and Buddhism, 261, 283, 313. See also kana; vernacular literature; writing: Japanese
Jie Daishi (Ryōgen; priest), 339n.116
Jien, 293n.23, 343
Jinmu (emperor), 13, 14, 26, 50n.42
Jinshin war, 12, 35, 39, 47, 50
Jishū (Time) Buddhism, 281
Jitō (empress), 12, 39, 50; in Hitomaro, 40, 42, 44–47, 49n.32, 57
Jōhei-Tengyō disturbance, 345
Jōkyū rebellion, 278, 280, 282, 410
Jomei (emperor), 37–38; “Climbing Mount Kagu and Looking upon the Land,” 38
Journey to Shirakawa (Shirakawa kikō; Sōgi), 382, 498
kabuki (drama), 9, 261, 411, 486; and warrior tales, 345, 347
Kagekiyo (nō play), 417
Kagerō Diary (Kagerō nikki; Mother of Michitsuna), 2, 5, 69–71, 128; and Sarashina Diary, 218, 224n.220; and Tale of Genji, 162–63
Kagu, Mount, 37–38, 44, 50
Kaifūsō (anthology of Chinese poetry), 11, 72
Kakinomoto no Hitomaro, 3, 35, 40–59, 97, 105, 195n.185; influence of, 60; “Lament for Prince Kusakabe,” 40–44; “Lament for Prince Takechi,” 46–50; “Lament for Princess Asuka,” 57–59; “Poems on Parting from His Wife in Iwami,” 52–55; “Poems on Passing the Ruined Capital of Ōmi,” 50–52; “Poems on the Death of His Wife,” 55–57; and Teika, 295, 296; “Yoshino Praise Poems,” 44–46
Kamakura (city), 398, 412, 413
Kamakura (Minamoto) bakufu, 66, 278–80, 344, 382, 487; fall of, 279, 409; and GoDaigo, 397, 409
Kamakura period, 278–409; anecdotes in, 282, 328–43; anthologies in, 282; aristocracy in, 279–81, 328, 507; Buddhism in, 281–84, 313, 398, 402n.181; commoners in, 282; history of, 278–79, 284; imperial court in, 280, 346, 382, 383, 397; monogatari in, 251–77, 282; nō in, 414–86; vernacular literature in, 328–43; warrior tales in, 343–81
Kameyama (emperor), 384, 400n.174
Kamo Festival (Hollyhock, Aoi Festival), 223n.219, 401, 407, 484
Kamo no Chōmei, 91; Account of a Ten-Foot-Square Hut, 7, 140, 249, 312, 313–24, 398; Mumyōshō, 293; Tales of Awakening, 324–28
Kamo no Nagatsugu, 312
Kamo Shrines, 289n.10, 312
Kamutsuke no Mineo (poet), 109
kana (phonetic syllabary), 2, 12, 68–71, 112, 283
, 297; and women’s writing, 69–71. See also Kokinshū: Kana Preface to; vernacular literature
Kan’ami, 410, 412, 414; Stupa Komachi, 78, 283, 433–48
kana-zōshi, 507
kanbun (Chinese prose by Japanese), 68, 72–73, 295, 297, 343; and Heian literati, 248
Kangaku-e (religious study group), 249
Kanmu (emperor), 66, 72, 315n.64
Kannon (Avalokiteshvara; bodhisattva), 257, 441n.42; in Collection of Tales of Times Now Past, 271–74
Kanpyō era, 67
kanshi (Chinese poetry by Japanese): in Heian period, 68, 72–73; in Kamakura period, 295, 301; in Muromachi period, 412; in Northern and Southern Courts period, 410
Kanze Kojirō Nobumitsu, Ataka, 415, 416
Kanze Motomasa, Sumida River, 129, 415, 417, 420
Kanze school (nō), 414, 415, 423
karma, 73, 77n.14, 260
Karyū (Fujiwara no Ietaka), 302, 304, 310
Kasa, Lady, 69
Keikai (Kyōkai; priest), 68, 72. See also Record of Miraculous Events in Japan
Keikō (emperor), 26
Kengei (poet), 178n.175
Kenkō, Essays in Idleness, 6, 140, 312, 396–408
Kenmu restoration, 279, 280, 345, 397, 409, 508
Kenreimon’in (empress), in Tales of the Heike, 346–48, 377–82
Ki no Aritsune, 98n.59, 134–35
Ki no Haseo, 69
Ki no Tadana, 467n.103
Ki no Tomonori, 102, 461n.93
Ki no Tsurayuki, 78, 93n.43, 289n.10, 296, 310n.58; in Gosenshū, 193n.183; in Kokinshū, 92, 93, 100, 103, 105; in Tale of Genji, 193n.183; Tosa Diary, 5, 69, 70–71, 128
Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion), 411
Kin’yōshū (fifth imperial waka anthology), 319n.76
Kisen (monk), 78n.16, 111, 169n.162
Kiso no Yoshinaka, 346, 347, 349
Kitabatake Chikafusa, Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns, 281, 410
Kitayama culture, 411
Kiyohara no Motosuke, 138
Kiyotsune (nō play), 419
Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters), 1, 2, 4, 13–33, 50n.42; creation myths in, 13–14, 60; gods in, 13–26; in Heian period, 73, 112; in Kamakura period, 282, 316n.68; and Man’yōshū, 36, 37, 42; in Muromachi period, 510; sovereigns in, 13–14; and the state, 3, 11, 13–14