The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany

by William L. Shirer

  Hildesheim, 725

  Hilgard, Herr, 432–33

  Hilger, Gustav, 807, 809

  Himer, Gen. Kurt, 699–700

  Himmler, Heinrich, 101, 124, 144–45, 178, 240, 252, 271, 275, 313, 353, 378, 431, 435fn., 497–98, 593, 653–56, 663, 671, 837, 991, 998, 1000, 1003, 1036, 1099, 1108, 1109, 1112–14, 1134; Organization of S.S., Gestapo, German police, 121, 148, 215, 226, 270–71, 274; rumored to have killed Geli Raubal, 132; aids in Roehm purge, 215, 216, 219, 220, 222; extermination of Jews, 236, 660–62, 664, 958, 960–61, 962, 963, 965, 966–67, 973, 975, 977, 978; Blomberg, Fritsch frameups, 313, 315–17, 354, 355; Austrian, Czech occupation, 347, 348, 351, 449; Polish border “incident,” 518–20; occupation of-Britain program, 782–83; and Russian-occupation policy, 832, 834, 937–38, 950fn., 951, 954; medical experiments, 979–80, 982, 984–85, 986, 988–89, 990; and anti-Hitler plotters, 1016–17, 1021, 1023, 1024, 1026, 1031, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1044, 1045, 1047–49, 1051, 1054–55, 1057, 1063, 1069, 1070, 1072–73, 1117; army command, 1063, 1064, 1073, 1080, 1087, 1095, 1101; attempt to displace Hitler, 1072, 1116–17, 1121, 1122, 1126, 1129, 1130, capture and suicide, 1141, 1143

  Hindemith, Paul, 242

  Hindenburg, Maj. Oskar von, 4, 150–51, 175, 181, 183, 227, 228, 229

  Hindenburg, Paul von Beneckendorf und von, 3–5, 53–55, 56fn., 90, 137, 150–53, 155, 160–64, 166–75, 179–83, 191–92, 194–201, 211–12, 215, 216, 218, 219, 225, 274, 320, 530, 871; armistice of 1918 and Versailles Treaty, 31, 58–59; 1932 presidential elections, 142, 155–60; meetings with Hitler, 4, 132, 152, 153, 168–69, 172–73; appointment of Hitler as Chancellor, 4, 145, 184, 187–90; senility, 4, 5, 149, 152; last illness, 204, 206, 213–15; death, last will and testament, 226–30

  Hindenburg (dirigible), 294fn.

  Hipper (Ger. hvy. cruiser), 701

  Hippke, Lt. Gen. Dr., 986

  Hirohito, Emperor of Japan, 892

  Hirt, Prof. August, 980–83

  History of Frederick the Great (Carryle), 1108–9

  Hitler, Adolf:

  PERSONAL LIFE: birth, family background, 6–10; early life and education, 10–16; artist’s aspirations, 11, 15, 16, 19; women in his life, 15, 20, 30, 130–33, 483fn. (see also Braun, Eva; Raubal, Geli); budding political ideas, 15, 21–32; youth in Vienna, 17–26; anti-Semitism, 25–27, 30–31, 35, 40fn., 41; moves to Bavaria, joins Army, 27–28; war service, wounds, medals, 29–31; postwar Army service, 34–35; citizenship problem, 130–31, 157; income tax difficulties, 133–35; his reaction to Hess’s flight, 834–38; his health failing, 1102–3, 1108; marries Eva Braun, 1122–23; last will and testament, 1123–27; suicide and cremation, 1133–34

  PARTY LEADER: joins German Workers’ Party, 35–41; debut as orator, 35–36, 40; formulates Nazi program, 40–41; is jailed for assault, 42; becomes party dictator, 44–46; his lieutenants, 47–51, 121–22, 146–49; association with Ludendorff, 63–64; leads putsch, 65–75; is tried for treason, 75–79; in prison, writes Mein Kampf, 79–90, 113, 129; his ideological sources, 80–112; rebuilds party, 117–49; tightens control of party, 119; defeats Strasser faction, 126–29; courts Army support, 138–42, 159, 196–98, 206–8, 214–15; “heads will roll” speech, 141; wins big business support, 142–46, 178–79, 189–90; meets with Hindenburg, 152–53, 163–64, 168–69, 172–73, 184; maneuvers toward chancellorship, 152–85; 1932 presidential elections, 155–59; purges Roehm, party radicals, 204, 213–26

  FUEHRER AND REICH CHANCELLOR—DOMESTIC POLICY: becomes Chancellor, 3–6, 182–87; has Reichstag dissolved, 188–91; suppresses Communists, 190–96; nationalizes state govts., 194, 200; opens new Reichstag at Potsdam, 196–98; gets Reichstag to abdicate, 198–200; dissolves opposition parties, 201; outlaws trade unions, 202–3; issues anti–Jewish laws, 203; his policies endorsed by electorate, 211–12; wins Army backing for Presidency, 215, 220; succeeds Hindenburg as President, 226–30; wins “unconditional obedience” of Army, 226–27; regiments churches, 234–40; Nazifies culture, 241–44; co-ordinates labor, 263–67; reorganizes courts, 268–74; reshapes govt., 274–76; ousts Blomberg, Fritsch, Neurath, Schacht, 309–21; assumes absolute power in Reich, 867; conspiracies to depose or kill him, 372–75, 379–82, 404–8, 411–14, 1014–36, 1042–82 (see also anti-Hitler conspiracy); presses persecution of Jews, 435, 439, 937–94, passim; beer hall bomb plot, 652–56

  FUEHRER AND REICH CHANCELLOR—FOREIGN RELATIONS: signs pact with Poland, 212–13; first meeting with Mussolini, 217; quits League, Geneva Conference, 210–12; directs Nazi agitation in Austria, 279–80, 323; aims peace propaganda abroad, 280–81; abrogates Versailles Treaty, 281–85, 299; “peace” speeches, 209–10, 285–88, 290, 300, 471–76, 641–42, 752–55, 761; expands armed forces, war industries, 281–85; signs naval pact with Britain, 288–89; remilitarizes Rhineland, denounces Locarno Pact, 290–95; signs pact with Austria, 296–97; aids Franco rebellion, 297–98; forms Axis with Mussolini, 298, 301; signs Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan, 299; receives Duce, get go-ahead on Austria, 301–2, 343; meets with Lord Halifax, 302–3; annexes Austria, 322–54; meets with Schuschnigg at Berchtesgaden, Hitler, Adolf continued 325–31; reassures Duce on Austria, 336–37; makes entry into Austria, 347–49; directs Sudeten Nazis, 358–59; urges Hungary, Poland against Czechs, 377, 387–88, 429; demands “justice for Sudetens,” 383; meets with Chamberlain at Berchtesgaden, 384–87; at Godesberg, 388–95; demands Sudetenland at once, 397–98; at Munich Conference, 414–20; wins Sudetenland, 421–24; dissatisfied with Munich award, blames Chamberlain, 427; annexes Memel, 428–29; signs pact with France, 436–37; “liberates” Slovakia, 439–43, 449; takes over rest of Czechoslovakia, 438–49; presses Poland to cede Danzig, Corridor, 455–57, 459–60, 462–65, 498–99; replies to Roosevelt peace appeal, 471–75; signs Pact of Steel with Duce, 483; negotiates treaty with U.S.S.R., 490–95, 500–2, 505–7, 513–15, 520–28, 538–44; meets with Ciano on war against Poland, 510–12; replies to British, French peace appeals, 545–51, 569–89, 592–93; is let down by Duce, 551–57, 564–68; thanks Duce for his help, 604, 620–21; receives British, French ultimatums, 608, 613, 615–18; blames British for war, 618–19; invites Russia into Polish war, 621–22; negotiates boundary treaty with U.S.S.R., 630–32; offers peace to Britain, France, 639–43; is criticized by Duce, 665–66; his trading with Soviets, 665–69, 794, 799; meets with Sumner Wells, 683–88; his loyalty to Mussolini, 691–92; 1055–56; intervenes in Rumania, 800–1, 803; signs mil. pact with Italy, Japan, 802; meets with Molotov, 803–9; invites Russia into Tripartite Pact, 808–10; explains invasion of Russia to Duce, 849–51; last meeting with Duce, 1055–56

  WARLORD: tells generals his plans re. Austria and Czechs, 303–8; plans invasion of Austria, 331, 335–37; assumes command of armed forces, 318; ousts 16, transfers 44 generals, 318–19; plans war on Czechs, 357–58, 360–61, 365–67, 377–78, 399, 423, 428–29; rages at Czechs’ arming, 364–65; meets generals’ opposition on war plans, 366–72, 378–79, 646–47, 656, 830–31, 856–58; rages against defeatist generals, 378–79; plans occupation of Danzig, 456; takes over Memel, 461–62; plans Danzig seizure, 463, 468; plans war against Poland, 463, 467–69, 484–85, 488–89, 496–98, 517–20, 530–31, 589, 595–96; prepares for war in west, 484–89, 516, 530–31, 589–90; holds up attack on Poland, 556; begins war on Poland, 597–99; directs war strategy, 619–20; conquers Poland, 632; limits naval operations, 636; plans offensive in west, 633, 643–47, 651–52, 656–59, 670, 671, 717–19; Polish occupation policy, 660–65; plans for war on Russia, 669; approves, leads Norway campaign, 673–74, 678–83, 694–97, 709–12; gets Duce’s promise to enter war, 690–92; invades Low Countries, 714–16, 720–26, 729–31; invades, conquers France, 726–29, 731–45; offers peace to Britain, 746–47, 750–56; plans invasion of Britain, 751–53, 756, 758–92; promotes 12 to field marshal, 754fn.; plans invasion of Russia, 796–800, 810–12, 821–22, 830–34, 845–52; strategy in Mediterranean, N. Africa, 812–21; Balkan campaigns, 820, 822–26, 830; N. Afric
an campaigns, 827–29, 911–13, 919–25; his “Commissar Order,” 830–34; directs Russian campaign, 851–70, 908–11, 914—19, 925–33, 1006–7, 1097; his “No retreat, no surrender” order, 861, 865, 867–68, 920–21, 930; ousts generals who retreat, 861, 865–66, 903fn., 917–18; takes over C-in-C post, 866; collaborates with Japan, 870–78, 883–96, 900; policy toward U.S., 871–72, 875fn., 878–85, 887; declares war on U.S., 892–902; takes over unoccupied France, 924–25; his occupation policy, 937–94, passim; meets with Duce, 995–96; orders take-over in Italy, rescue of Duce, 998–1006; refuses to visit bombed-out cities, 1008; speculates on peace possibilities, 1011–12; directs defense in west, 1036–41, 1085–96, 1098–1102, 1105–6; orders enemy beachhead “annihilated,” 1038; orders total mobilization, 1087; directs Ardennes counteroffensive, 1089–96; relies on conflict among Allies, 1087, 1091–92, 1098; issues “scorched earth” directive, 1103–4; his last days, in Berlin bunker, 1107–35

  Hitler (Schicklgruber) Alois, 7–9, 11, 14

  Hitler, Alois Matzelsberger, 9, 10

  Hitler, Angela, see Raubal, Angela Hitler

  Hitler, Edmund, 9

  Hitler, Franziska Matzelsberger, 9

  Hitler, Gustav, 9

  Hitler, Ida, 9

  Hitler, Klara Poelzl, 9, 14, 15, 16–17

  Hitler, Paula, 9, 14, 1127fn.

  Hitler Youth, 120, 249, 252–56, 1129, 1130, 1137

  Hitzfeld, General, 1064fn.

  Hodges, Gen. Courtney H., 1086, 1089, 1105

  Hoepner, Gen. Erich, 375, 413, 725, 863, 865, 903, 1028, 1035, 1048, 1057, 1058, 1064, 1066–67, 1068, 1070–71

  Hoerlin, Kate Eva, 224fn.

  Hoess, Rudolf Franz, 664, 963, 967–69, 970, 972–73

  Hofacker, Col. Caesar von, 1047, 1059, 1072, 1075–77

  Hofer, Walther, 550fn.

  Hoffmann, Heinrich, 49, 760fn., 1111

  Hoffmann, Johannes, 33, 34

  Hoffmann-Schonforn, Colonel, 1088

  Hohenlohe, Prince Max von, 750fn.

  Hohenlychen, 1114

  Hohenzollerns, the, 52, 57, 82, 93, 96, 97, 153, 197, 214, 215, 229, 236, 349, 549, 907

  Holland, see Netherlands

  Holstein, 94

  Holzloehner, Doctor, 987

  Hoover, Herbert C., 136, 152

  Hoover, J. Edgar, 843

  Hopkins, Harry, 892

  Horak, Mayor, 992

  Hore-Belisha, Sir Leslie, 677

  Horst, Anna, 105

  Horst Wessel song, 5, 147, 199

  Horthy, Adm. Miklós, 377, 449, 1090fn.

  Hossbach, Col. Friedrich, 305, 308, 309, 315–16

  Hoth, Gen. Hermann, 724, 863, 927–28

  Houffalize, 1095

  Household Year for Girls, 254

  House of German Art, Munich, 244

  Hradschin Palace, Prague, 363, 383, 420, 448

  Huber, Kurt, 1022–23

  Huebner, General, 1101fn.

  Huehnlein, Major, 71

  Huetler, Johann von Nepomuk, 8, 9

  Huemer, Eduard, 13

  Hugenberg, Alfred, 138, 154, 166, 173, 180, 182, 184, 189, 196, 198, 201, 204, 206, 212, 257

  Hull, Cordell, 843, 873, 877fn., 884–85, 886, 887, 888fn., 891, 894, 896

  Hungary, 358, 362, 507–8, 800, 808, 824, 826, 845; encouraged by Hitler to seize Ruthenia, 377, 387–88, 400, 417fn., 421, 427, 429, 440–42, 449–50; German occupation of, 839, 842; army units on Russian front, 869, 909, 911, 915; Nazis’ mass killing of Jews of, 972; taken by Russians, 1090fn., 1096, 1098

  Huntziger, Gen. Charles, 743–45

  Hurricanes (Br. planes), 775, 776

  Huxley, Aldous, 784

  Iceland, 879, 880–82

  I. G. Farben, 144, 190, 282, 597, 664–65, 968, 972, 973

  Igorka rivers, 839

  Illustrious (Br. carrier), 818fn.

  Imredy, Bela, 387–88

  India, 558, 560, 883, 901, 957

  Indian Legion, 1102fn.

  Indian Ocean, 810, 915

  Indochina, 884

  Informationsheft, 784

  Innitzer, Cardinal, 350

  Innsbruck, 75, 335, 553

  Institute for Military Scientific Research, 980

  Institute for Research (Forschungsamt), 338

  Interior, Ministry of the, 275, 497–98, 1031

  “International Commission” on partition of Czechosl., 417fn., 420, 421

  International Military Tribunal, 1142

  Iran (Persia), 757, 810, 915

  Iraq, 828, 829, 841

  Ireland, 474, 646

  Irgens, Captain, 706

  Iron Cross, 30, 122, 284, 754fn.

  Ironside, Gen. Sir Edmund, 504, 682fn.

  Iserlohn, 1129fn.

  Istanbul, 1026

  Istria, 1005

  Italian Air Force, 556fn.

  Italian Army, 554, 556fn., 817, 818, 825, 826, 827, 850, 869 909–11, 912, 915, 920–21, 925, 928, 929, 996, 1001, 1002, 1006

  Italian Navy, 554, 818fn., 1000, 1002fn.

  Italian Social Republic, 1005

  Italy, 97, 291, 294, 307, 359, 436, 478–80, 490, 501, 511, 529, 530, 539, 800–1, 803–4, 806, 807, 850, 924, 995, 996; and Anschluss, 209, 280, 285, 296–97, 301, 302, 324, 327, 334–37, 339, 343, 345fn., 347; prewar policy toward Britain, France, 284–85, 289, 296, 298, 301, 400, 436, 508, 603, 687; invasion of Ethiopia, 289, 290, 296–98; aid to Spanish rebels, 297–99, 307, 814; in Anti-Comintern Pact, 299; role in German–Czech crisis, 377, 403, 404, 408–10, 414–21; friction with Germany, 400, 487, 492, 547–48, 665–66, 683, 687, 774, 815; invasion of Albania, 469, 813; military alliance with Reich, 482–84 (see also Pact of Steel); reluctance to take part in war, 493, 507, 508, 510, 512, 551–57, 561, 564–68, 598, 603–8, 620–21, 642–43, 645, 657, 687–92; enters war against France, 739, 740, 743–44, 746, 877 (see also Franco–Italian armistice); war against Britain in Mediterranean, N. Africa, 740, 757, 813, 817–22, 836, 900, 912, 914, 921; in Tripartite Pact, 802, 808, 889; invasion of Greece, 816–18, 821–23; royal family of, 820, 996; gets slice of Yugoslavia, 824, 826; war against U.S.S.R., 851, 873, 909–11; war against U.S., 871, 885, 889–90, 894, 898, 900; Allied landing and Battle of Italy, 921, 956, 995, 1000, 1001, 1006, 1008, 1009, 1033, 1036, 1043, 1100, 1107, 1138; ousts Duce, makes peace with Allies, 995–1001, 1003; German occupation, 1001, 1003–5, 1009; Fascist Republican Party, 1005

  Jackson, Robert H., 432fn., 964fn.

  Jacob, Franz, 1044

  Jacob, Major, 1064fn.

  Jaeger, Dr. Wilhelm, 948–49

  Jaklincz, Colonel, 634

  Japan, 307, 487, 492, 521, 522, 539, 735, 753, 798, 803, 804, 806, 809, 839, 850, 884, 895, 1025; pacts with Germany, Italy, 299, 436, 506, 802, 808, 871, 876, 886–95; in Hitler’s strategy, 508fn., 821, 871–96 passim, 915; war against U.S., Britain, 870–76, 880, 883–96, 900, 901, 1007; neutrality pact with U.S.S.R., 876–77

  Japanese Air Force, 901fn.

  Japanese Army, 877

  Japanese Navy, 872, 873, 887, 888, 891, 892, 895

  Jaspers, Karl, 251

  Jastrzembski, see Falkenhorst

  Jeanneney, Jules, 437

  Jena, 98, 173, 933

  Jeschonnek, Gen. Hans, 621, 763, 771

  Jessen, Jens Peter, 908, 1072

  Jesus Christ, Jew or no?, 107, 108, 124

  “Jewish Emigration Office,” Vienna, 351

  Jews, 144, 157, 179, 355, 641, 700, 751fn., 828, 1088; Hitler’s hatred for, 25–27, 31, 35, 39, 41, 81, 84, 87, 97, 111, 119, 137, 1124, 1126; German writings against, 98–101, 106–7, 236; Nazi persecution of, 203, 209, 215, 236, 260, 351, 430–35, 685, 1028, 1031, 1071; exclusion of from arts and professions, 242–43, 245–46, 249–51, 268; laws against, 213–34, 237; in Czechoslovakia, 383, 438, 439, 991; extermination program, 659–65, 937, 944, 946, 953, 958–69, 972–79, 991, 1029, 1061; in U.S., 688, 749fn., 872, 875fn., 897, 899; used as slave labor, 948–49; Warsaw ghetto uprising, 974–79; medical experiments on, 979–81, 985

&nb
sp; Jodl, Gen. Alfred, 142, 290, 291fn., 293, 316, 319, 404, 670, 671–72, 816, 821, 824, 825, 866, 873, 911, 918fn., 921, 922, 1010, 1034, 1077, 1098, 1112–16; on Blomberg affair, 311–14; on Anschluss, 326fn., 331, 334–36, 348; on Czech problem and annexation, 363, 365, 366, 369, 370, 377–79, 387, 392fn., 422, 424; on western-front operations, 378, 424, 635, 644, 718–20, 727, 732, 746; on Norway operations, 677, 680, 682, 683, 696, 709, 710; on French armistice, 741, 744; on invasion of Britain, 758, 760, 764, 767, 770; on invasion of Russia, 795, 797, 856, 858, 863, 925, 931; on Hitler’s Commando Order, 956; on Italian surrender, 998–99, 1001; on Allied landings in Normandy, 1038–40; injured by bomb aimed at Hitler, 1051, 1054; signs surrender, 1138–39; executed at Nuremberg, 1143