by Will Durant
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Index
Dates are of birth and death except for kings and popes, where they are of the reign. A single date indicates a floruit. A footnote is indicated by an asterisk. Italicized page numbers indicate principal treatment. All dates are A.D. unless otherwise indicated.
Abbas I, Shah of Persia (1587–1629), 525, 527–30, 531–32, 534, 535
Abbas II, Shah of Persia (1642–67), 533, 534
Aberdeen, Scotland, 112
University, 113
Abrégé de la philosophie de Gassendi (Berier), 636
absolutism, 7, 278, 280, 283–84, 323, 365, 375, 381, 383, 390, 401, 543
James I’s divine–rights theory, 132, 133, 135–36, 138–39, 160, 178–79, 200, 204, 220, 627
vs. popular sovereignty, 246–47, 354–55, 367, 626–28
Académie Française, see French Academy
Academy of St. Luke (Rome), 268, 325
Accademia degli Incamminati (Bologna), 232–235
Accademia dei Lincei (Rome), 584, 605, 608
Accademia del Cimento (Rome), 584
Accademia della Crusca (Florence), 226
Accademia di Belle Arti (Bologna), 232
Accademia di Belle Arti (Milan), 226
Accoramboni, Vittoria (1557?–85), 145, 252
Accord (Netherlands, 1566), 444
Achaemenid Susa (fl. 400 B.C.), 535
Act of Abjuration (Netherlands, 1581), 455
Act of Pacification (Netherlands, 1576), 450
Act of Revocation (Scotland, 1625), 203
Act of Supremacy (England, 1559), 18
Act of Uniformity (England, 1559), 17–18
Acta Sanctorum, 417–18
Actes and Monuments (Foxe), 15
Actium, battle of (31 B.C.), 523*
Acton, John E, Baron, 121*, 346*
actors’ companies, English, 42, 79–81, 89, 94, 147, 149
Adagia (Erasmus), 404
Admiral’s company, 80
Adolphus, Duke of Holstein–Gottorp (fl. 1586), 499
Adone (Marini), 258, 432
Adone (Monteverdi), 256
Adrianople, Mosque of Selim, 521
Adriatic Sea, Venetian control of, 228, 522, 524
Advancement of Learning, The (Bacon), 172–174
Advertisement Touching the Controversies of the Church of England (Bacon), 40
Adwalton Moor, battle of, 213
Aegean Sea, Venetian ascendancy in, 522
Aeneid, The (Virgil), 26
4, 265, 293
Aerssens, Francis, 461
Afghanistan, 518, 530, 536
Africa, Spanish and Portuguese in, 274, 291–292
Agen, France, 340, 357
Agincourt, battle of (1415), 92
Aglaura (Suckling), 197
agnosticism, 409, 481
Agra, India, 159
Agreement of the People, An, 217–18
agriculture: England, 47, 184
France, scientific methods in, 366
Portugal, 290
Russia, 512
Spain, 274
United Provinces, 477; see also enclosures
Agrippa, Cornelius Heinrich (1486?–1535), 408, 616
Ahmadabad, India, 159
Ahmed I, Ottoman Sultan (1603–17), 431, 521, 525, 526
“Ainslee’s band,” 122
Aix–la–Chapelle (Aachen), capture of, 387
University of, 635
Akbar, Jellaladin Mohammed, Emperor of India (1556–1605), 247
Albania, 518
Albert, Cardinal, Archduke of the Spanish Netherlands (r. 1595–1621), 371, 458, 460, 467, 470, 471
Albert V, Duke of Bavaria (r. 1550–79), 549, 553
Albigensian heresy, 334
Albret, Jeanne d’ (1528–72), Queen of Navarre, 334, 336, 345, 346, 348, 358, 393
Alcalá, University of, 281, 306
Alcalde de Zalamea, El (Calderón), 312
Alcázarquivir (Al–Kasr–al–Kabir), battle of (1578), 290
Alchemist, The (Jonson), 150
alchemy, 150, 539, 588
Alchymia (Libavius), 588
Aldobrandini, house of, 238
Aldobrandini, Pietro, Cardinal (1571–1621), 258, 265
Aldrovandi, Ulisse (1522–1605), 591
Alemán, Mateo (1547?–1610), 298
Alembert, Jean Le Rond d’ (1717?–83), 182, 250
Alençon, François, Duke of (1554–84), Duke of Anjou (1574–84): death of, 359
and Elizabeth of England, 11, 17, 32, 55, 70, 354, 358
and Netherland revolt, 453, 454, 456
Aleotti, Gianbattista (1546–1636), 227
Aleppo, 228, 531
Alessi, Galeazzo (1512–72), 226
Alexander VI, Pope (1492–1503), 33, 244
Alexandria, Egypt, 519
Alfieri, Vittoria (1749–1803), 281*
Algardi, Alessandro (1602–54), 272
algebra, advances in, 164, 586
Algeria, 282, 518
Ali, Caliph (656–661), 527
Ali Riza (fl. 1713), 535
Aljubarrota, battle of (1385), 292
Al–Kashi of Samarkand (d. 1436), 585–86
Allen, William, Cardinal (1532–94), 20, 23, 27, 35