Year Zero
Page 41
Jews, 71–72, 103, 122, 158, 160–68, 177, 289, 312
communism and, 88
concentration camps and, see concentration camps
French, 220
German deportations compared to experience of, 157–58
hiding and helping of, 89, 171–72
homecomings of, 134–35
Horthy and, 206
Hungarian, 206
Laval and, 220, 221
laws against Nazis compared to laws against, 178
Mussert and, 219–20
in Netherlands, 134–36
plunder of assets of, 89–90, 178
in Poland, 86–90, 134, 160–62, 164, 165, 168
revenge against, 90
revenge by, 98, 99–101
scale of genocide against, 161, 165
United States and, 162, 167
wealth attributed to, 88, 89
Zionism and, 99, 100, 161–68, 244
Journal à Quatre Mains (Groult and Groult), 25
Judt, Tony, 90, 101
Jules et Jim, 309
Juliana, Princess, 24
Jünger, Ernst, 94, 157, 234
Kabuki theater, 300, 301, 332
Kades, Charles, 176, 299
Kafu, Nagai, 43–44
Kaliningrad, 78
kamikaze pilots, 140, 141–42
Kant, Immanuel, 278
Kästner, Erich, 68
Kato Etsuro, 303
Katyn massacre, 233
Keeler, Christine, 296n
Keenan, Joseph B., 185, 186
Keene, Donald, 61, 186–87, 193–94, 268–70
Keitel, Wilhelm, 18
Kempeitai, 183–84, 188, 214, 259
Kennan, George F., 225, 235
Kennedy, John F., 326–27
Kerr, Robert, 216
Kertész, Imre, 133–34
Keynes, John Maynard, 270–71, 290
Kido Shinichiro, 118
Kim Il-sung, 191, 268, 270
Kinzel, Eberhard Hans, 15
Kishi Nobusuke, 187, 259–61, 262, 270, 303
Kitano Masaji, 211, 212
Klee, Paul, ix
Klein, Fritz, 228–30
, 148
Koestler, Arthur, 253
Königsberg, 78, 158
Konoe Fumimaro, 34
Korea, 34, 106, 191, 262–70, 272, 273
division of, 270
Japan and, 262–67
political rivalries in, 264–65
sadae in, 265, 268, 269
Shinto shrines in, 263
Soviets in, 264, 266–69
U.S. in, 265–69
Korean War, 270, 298
Korwin, Marta, 32
Kovner, Abba, 99–101
Krakow, 87
Kramer, Jose, 228–30
Krockow, Christian von, 91
Krupp, Alfried, 181, 183
Kulturbund, 284, 285
Kun, Béla, 205, 207
Labour Party, 253, 254
in Britain, 243–44, 246–48, 250, 271, 273
Lamartine, Alphonse de, 311–12
Lamsdorf, 94, 95
Laski, Harold, 246–47
Lattimore, Owen, 261
Laurel, José P., 188, 189, 191
Laurel, Salvador “Doy,” 191
Laval, Pierre, 200, 218–25, 229
Law No. 8, 177–78, 181
League of Nations, 9, 308, 309, 314, 316, 318, 322
Lebanon, 324, 325
Legge, Walter, 237
Lehndorff, Hans Graf von, 78, 82, 156
Lehnhard, Frau, 5
Leipzig, 180
Lemberg, 158
Lemkin, Raphael, 322
Lend-Lease Act, 270, 317
Levant, 323–25
Levitt, Saul, 226
Levy, Rabbi, 162
Lewis, Norman, 33–34
Liberation, 13–16, 20, 22–23, 37, 51, 76, 86
of Bergen-Belsen, 29–30
colonial societies and, 111
of France, 20, 50, 85, 120, 171
of Greece, 208, 209
in Netherlands, 53, 84, 132, 134
sexuality and, 23–29, 38–39, 50
Libération, 19, 20
Liberation complex, 13
Liberation Day, 14–15
Lithuania, 160, 168
Litwinska, Sophia, 229
Löbe, Paul, 157
London, 57
V-E Day in, 18–19, 21, 22
Lorelei, The (Heine), 2
Lothian, Philip Kerr, Lord, 310
Lvov, 89
MacArthur, Douglas (Supreme Commander for Allied Powers; SCAP), 41
Japan and, 35, 37, 65, 66, 174–76, 183–86, 191, 211, 261, 304
Japanese reeducation and, 296–301
Japanese viewed as childlike by, 296–97
letters from Japanese citizens to, 174–75, 185
Philippines and, 188–91, 213–18
Willoughby and, 176, 211
Yamashita and, 213–17
Macmillan, Harold, 103–4, 107–10, 150, 245
“Madelon,” 20
Malaparte, Curzio, 49, 149
Malaya, 111, 112–14, 125, 212
Mallaby, A. W. S., 119
Manchester Guardian, 244, 250, 324, 331
Manchukuo, 66, 80, 81, 184, 193, 203–4, 210–11, 212, 257–61
Shinkyo, 258
Manchuria, 66, 69, 80, 187, 195–96, 203, 330
Soviet invasion of, 66–67, 69, 195
Manila, 60, 188–90
Massacre of, 212–17, 306
Mann, Thomas, 286
Mao Zedong, 9, 102, 192–93
Márai, Sándor, 59, 205
Marcos, Ferdinand, 191
Marcuse, Herbert, 177
Marriage of Maria Braun, The, 141
“Marseillaise of Peace” (Lamartine), 311
Marshall, Richard, 184
Martin, Françoise, 125
Marx, Karl, 257
Masada, 161
Mascolo, Dionys, 138
Mauldin, William “Bill,” 143–44
Mennonites, 2
Meredith, George, 278
Metaxas, Ioannis, 107, 109, 110
Metternich, Klemens von, 327
Michel, Ernst, 231–34, 241
Michnik, Adam, 86
Middle East, 324–25
Mikado (Gilbert and Sullivan), 300
Milan, 59
militarism, 174, 175, 179, 183, 185, 276
Prussian, 171, 173, 175, 182, 279
Mitsubishi, 187, 260, 261
Mitsui, 187, 260
Mitterrand, François, 138
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 321, 328
Monde, 331
Monnet, Jean, 253, 255, 256, 295
Montgomery, Bernard “Monty,” 15, 16, 54, 207
Monument of Jewish Gratitude, 136
Moran, Sherwood, 61
Morgenthau, Henry, 65–66, 276, 317
Morgenthau Plan, 65, 276, 278
Mornet, André, 222
Mosaddeq, Mohammad, 312
Moscow, V-E Day in, 20
Motoshima Hitoshi, 175n
Mountbatten, Louis, Lord, 111, 115
Mount Fuji, 300
Mouvement de Libération Nationale (MLN), 310–11
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 283
Munich, 180
Muslims, Islam, 113, 121–22, 155
Mussert, Anton, 218–21, 222–24
Mussolini, Benito, 103, 104, 105, 272, 311
Nagasaki, 271, 296, 298, 309, 32
7
Nanking, 193, 194–95
Rape of, 194, 306
Naples ’44 (Lewis), 33–34
Napoleon I, 292, 327
Nation, 322
National Council of the Resistance, 252
Nausée (Sartre), 290
Nazi Concentration Camps, 279
Nazimuddin, Khwaja, 244
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 315
Netherlands, 253, 308
Arnhem, 2, 16, 307
birthrate in, 53–55
black market in, 68
France and, 220
hunger in, 53–55
Jews in, 134–36
liberation in, 53, 84, 132, 134
Liberation Day in, 14–15
moral panic in, 50
Nijmegen, 2, 132–33
Operation Manna in, 53–54
prosecutions for collaboration in, 207
Rotterdam, 256–57
war monuments in, 136
Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA), 116–18
Neumann, Franz, 176–77
New Deal reformers, 175–76, 186, 244, 261–62, 272, 296, 299
New Jerusalem idea, 249–53, 257
New York City, 22, 332
V-E Day in, 19, 21, 22
New York Daily News, 22
New Yorker, 310, 320, 326
New York Herald Tribune, 21–22
New York Times, 41, 54, 154, 192, 313, 329, 330, 332
Nicolson, Harold, 245–46, 254–55, 271
Nicolson, Nigel, 145, 146
Nijmegen, 2, 132–33
Ninth Thesis on the Philosophy of History (Benjamin), ix
Nishizawa Eiichi, 332
Nissan, 187, 259–60
Nixon, Richard, 305
Noel-Baker, Philip, 327
Norel, K., 136
North Korea, 191
Norway, 84
Nosaka Akiyuki, 40, 44–45, 55
Nozaka Sanzo, 261
nuclear weapons, see atomic bombs
Nuremberg trials, 183, 185, 216–18, 226, 228, 230–37, 244, 322, 331
Odrodzenie, 90
Ogtrop, Father, 24
Ohlendorff, Otto, 182
Ohrdruf, 226–27
Okamura Yasuji, 194–95
Oleiski, J., 163–64
O-Machi, 196–97
Omi, 302
O’Neill, Con, 181
Operation Barleycorn, 65
Operation Fraternization, 24
Operation Manna, 53–54
Operation Market-Garden, 16, 307
Oppenheimer, Robert, 313
Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, 170
Osaka, 60
Our Job in Japan, 276
Ozu , 141
Pacific War, 34, 67, 175, 297
Paget, Bernard, 324
Pagnell, Newport, 326
Palestine, 100, 163–68, 244
panpan girls, 36–38, 69
Papandreou, Georgios, 208
Papon, Maurice, 200–201
Paraat, 134–35
Paris, 24, 25, 58, 273
V-E Day in, 19–22
Park Chong-hee, 270
Patriote de l’Eure, 85
Patton, George, 41, 71, 143, 160, 181, 307
, Ante, 102, 149
Pearl Harbor, 188, 216, 314, 316
Pearson, Lester, 327
People’s Courts, 203–7, 267
Percival, Arthur, 40, 212
Persilschein, 179
Petacci, Clara, 104
Pétain, Philippe, 103, 137, 171, 198–200, 219, 222
trial of, 221–22
Philippines, 111, 188–91, 212, 315
Japanese invasion and occupation of, 188–90
MacArthur and, 188–91, 213–18
Manila, see Manila
Pills, Jacques, 24
Pissarczik, Georg, 93
Poland, 62, 253, 335
German occupation of, 87–88
Germans falsely accused of having been Nazis in, 93, 94
Germans forcibly returned to Germany from, 154–60
Germans in former German lands in, 91, 92
Jews in, 86–90, 134, 160–62, 164, 165, 168
leaders of wartime underground in, 320, 321–22
persecution of Jews in, 86–87
plunder of Jewish assets in, 89–90
revenge against Germans in, 90–95
Silesia and, 92–93
Soviet Union and, 88, 91, 92, 319–22, 323, 328
United Nations and, 319–20
Polge, Madame, 85–86
Populaire, 86
Potsdam Conference, 153–55, 167, 173–74, 279, 300, 329
Powell, Michael, 248–50
Prague, 96, 158–59
Pressburger, Emeric, 248–50
Profumo, John, 296n
prostitution, 24–25, 28, 33, 48, 49
in Germany, 42–43
in Japan, 34–38, 45
Prussia, 157, 253
Prussianism, 171, 173, 175, 182, 279
Punch, 277
purges of wartime collaborators, 235
in France, 198–201
in Germany, 172–73, 176–83, 279, 293
in Japan, 172–76, 183–87
see also trials
Pu’yi, Henry, 258, 259
Quezon, Manuel, 188
Quwatli, Shukri al-, 323–24
Radzilow, 88
Rainer, Friedrich, 146
Rákosi, Mátyás, 205
Ramadier, Paul, 57
rape, 38, 39, 42, 84
of German women by Soviets, 83–84
Rape of Nanking, 194, 306
rationalist idealism, 311–12
Recreation and Amusement Association (RAA), 34–35
Red Bands of the Sabilillah, 113
reeducation, 276–77
of Germany, 277–95, 297
of Japan, 276, 287, 295–306
see also German culture; Japanese culture
religious universalism, 311–12
Remarque, Erich Maria, 290
Renan, Ernest, 286
Renault, Louis, 200
Renault factories, 200, 253
Rescue Committee for European Jewry, 165
resistance movements, 169–72, 201
communism and, 102–3, 109, 175
in France, 170–71, 199, 201, 252, 253
as political force, 253–54
revenge, 9, 75–80, 86, 98
in Asia, 111–13, 117, 118
against Germans by Czechs, 95–98
against Germans by Poles, 90–95
against Germans by Soviets, 79–80
in Italy, 105, 106
against Japanese by Soviets, 80
against Jews, 90
by Jews, 98, 99–101
in Vietnam, 126
see also trials
Rhee, Syngman, 267, 269, 270
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 231
Richard, Marthe, 201
Richter, Erich, 331–32
Richter, Helmut, 92
Ringers, J. A., 257
Road to Serfdom, The (Hayek), 250
Roberts, Owen J., 313
Robertson, Brian, 278
Rockwell, Norman, 314
Romania, 62, 154, 159, 253
Rome, 59
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 154, 292, 317, 318–20, 327–28
Atlantic Charter and, 314–15, 323
death of, 319
Four Freedoms of, 314, 323
United Nations and, 316–
18, 319
Rosenfeld, Netty, 134
Rosensaft, Josef “Yossele,” 56–57, 162–63, 229
Rosensaft, Menachem, 57
Rossellini, Roberto, 40, 242
Rossi, Ernesto, 311
Rotterdam, 256–57
Roxas, Manuel, 189, 190–91
Rudenko, Roman A., 233–34
Rümmelin, Dr., 5
Russia, 9
see also Soviet Union
Russians, 145, 146, 148
forcibly returned to Soviet Union, 150–53
soldiers, see Soviet soldiers
Russo-Japanese War, 80
Rutledge, Wiley B., Jr., 216–17
Sackville-West, Vita, 271
Saigon, 120, 124–27
Saint-Pierre, Abbé de, 311
Sakaguchi Ango, 68–69, 70, 140
Sakura Sogoro, 332
Salleh, Kiyai, 113
Salter, Arthur, 63
San Francisco Conference, 310, 312–14, 318–27
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 290, 291–92
Saturday Evening Post, 36, 295
Sauckel, Fritz, 231
SCAP, see MacArthur, Douglas
Schacht, Hjalmar, 231, 251
Schell, Margarete, 96–98
Schlesinger, Winifred, 19, 21, 24
Schmidt, Josef, 332
Schnitzler, Georg von, 183
Schonfeld, Solomon, 60–61, 161
Schuman, Robert, 294, 295
Schwarzkopf, Elisabeth, 237
Scott, T. P., 147, 153
Selborne, Roundell Palmer, Lord, 150
Serbs, 146, 148, 149
Sétif, 122, 124, 315
sexuality, 51
in displaced persons camps, 31–33
fraternization with soldiers, 23–28, 39–51, 84–86
and German occupation of France, 26–27, 84–86
illegitimate births, 28–29, 31, 38
and liberation of Europe, 23–29, 38–39, 50
prostitution, see prostitution
rape, see rape
sexually transmitted diseases, 28, 48–50
Shaw, David, 152
Shawcross, Hartley, 244
Shidehara Kijiro, 300
Shiga Naoya, 141–42
Shigemitsu Mamoru, 300
Shinkyo, 258
Shinto, 263, 300–301
Shinwell, Emanuel, 57
Sicily, 253
Sikorski, Władysław, 91
Sington, Derrick, 29–30
Skin, The (Malaparte), 49
“Silence” (Borowski), 76, 77
Silesia, 92–95, 155–58
Singapore, 212
Slovenia, 145–49
Smith, Herbert A., 230
Smuts, Jan, 322, 323
Socha, Leopold, 89
social democratic governments, 253
socialism, 250, 254, 273
in Britain, 245, 246, 248–50, 271
Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), 285
Sony Corporation, 72