Eros 199, 309
Esna (Tasenet) 59, 146
Euclid 81
Eudoxus of Knidus 16, 130
Eunoe 170
Euphorbus 335
Euphronios 279, 299, 306
Euripedes 16, 21, 81
Eurydike (cousin of Arrhidaios) 40
Eurydike (Illyrian princess) 21
Eurydike (niece and wife of Philip) 24, 25
Eurydike (wife of Ptolemy I) 42
Evander, Gaius Avianius 266
Fayum, the 49, 93, 132-5, 150, 200
Felix, Tiberius Claudius 339
Festival of Inundation 151
Festival of the Beautiful Union, 148-9
Flaccus, Quintus Horatius (Horace) 229, 261, 288, 315, 327
food tasters 117
food, Roman 191-4
Fortuna 181, 186, 190
Forum of Julius 201
Forum, the 165, 173, 174, 201, 205-6, 211-13, 216, 225-6, 273, 327-8, 340
Fucine Lake, the 200
Fulvia 196, 223, 225-6, 231, 252, 254-6, 261, 272, 284, 333
Gabiniani, the 79-80, 95, 97-8, 103, 118
Gabinius, Aulus 79, 80, 94, 111, 263
Gaetulicus 338
Gaia Afrania 226
Galen 82, 117, 156, 188, 301
Gallus, Gaius Cornelius 307, 310, 326
Ganymedes 80, 119
gardens, Janiculum Hill 182-3
Gaul 80, 114, 192, 196,205,206,224-5,230-1, 254, 256
Caesar in 78, 94, 108, 109, 110, 111, 170-2, 202
Gaza 27, 28, 56
Geb (god) 43, 86, 151, 218, 257
Geminius, Gaius 286
Giza 16, 29, 46, 129, 134
gladiators 173-4
Glaphyra, Queen 231, 262
Great Library, of Alexandria 4, 32, 46-7, 47, 51, 119, 340
Greek culture, influence on Egypt 13-36, 135
Grypus (Antiochus VIII) 62-3, 64, 65, 79, 256
Gymnasion, the 55, 62, 67, 82, 201, 275, 305, 311, 338
Hades 41, 81, 336
Hadrumetum (Sousse) 165
hair
Caesar’s receding hairline 110, 188
Cleopatra’s 87, 96, 166-7, 197, 198-9, 22930, 237-8, 238, 315, 318
Halicarnassus 26
‘Hall of Statues’ (Karnak temple) 17
handwriting, Cleopatra’s 2
Hannibal 53, 55, 287
Hapu 144
Harmakhis 55
Harpokrates 298
‘hasta caelibaris’ (‘celibate spear’) 155
Hathor 44, 46
goddess 89, 91, 136, 154, 162, 183
Hathor-Aphrodite 237
Hathor-Isis 43, 80, 85, 86, 139-40, 163, 167, 212, 217-18
Hathor-Termuthis 128
images of 139, 148-9, 168
see also Aphrodite; Venus
Hatshepsut 5-6, 43, 83, 86, 104, 138, 144, 151, 166
Heka 220
Hekataios 17
Hekate 192
Helen of Troy 249, 290
Heliopohs (City of the Sun) 19, 28, 128, 130, 216, 269, 323, 329
Helios (sun god) 183, 257
Helios, Alexander 263, 264, 273, 275-6, 280, 296, 306, 333, 335
Henen-nesut (Herakleopolis) 41, 134
Hephaistion 23, 28, 37, 137
Hera (Juno) 43, 44, 208, 328
Herakles (Henshef) 134, 196, 221, 237, 243, 265, 274, 328
Hermes 47, 135
see also Thoth
Hermogenes, Marcus Tigellius 193-4
Hermonthis 80, 86, 90-1, 142, 145-6, 162-3, 218-19, 301-2, 304, 324-5
Hermopolis 340
Herod of Judaea 120, 231, 254, 259-60, 262, 268-9, 296, 299, 307
Herodotus 17, 49, 82, 89, 134, 191, 302, 336
Herophilus 47, 156
Herwennefer of Thebes 54
Hierax 66
high priests of Memphis 29, 73, 82, 256, 331
Hipparchus 300
Hippocrates 21, 47, 81, 157
Homer 23, 26, 31-2, 39, 81, 119, 214, 249
homosexual affair, alleged of Caesar 111, 171
Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus) 229, 261, 288, 315, 327
Horankh 73-4
Horemakhet 83
Horemeheb 84
Horemhotep 220
Hortensia 226, 227
Hortensius Hortalus 227, 229
Horus
Cleopatra as mother of 161, 162
cult of 51-2, 54, 65, 139, 140, 147-9, 151, 158, 166, 185, 217-18, 220-1, 257-8, 321
Female Horus 50, 56, 64, 86, 145-6, 147, 162-3
Living Horus 31, 57, 215, 218
Horus the Elder 58
Hut-ka-Ptah 16
Hygeia 144
Hygieia 186
Hyrcanus II 231
Ihy 218
Iliad, The 15, 22, 23, 26, 81
Ulyna 21, 283, 327
Ulyricum 273
Imensthotieion temple 129-32
Imhotep 29, 30, 129, 131, 179, 254
Imouthes 29, 129
Inimitables, the 244-5, 248, 250-1, 300
Iotape (Jatapa), Princess 273, 276, 280, 306, 333
Iseum Campense 199-200, 226
Isis
Cleopatra as Living Isis 3, 61, 64, 85, 87-8, 93, 97,103, 118, 120,126,132,139, 145, 1512, 161, 163, 169, 186, 199, 215-16, 219, 235-6, 243, 259, 275, 284, 288, 302, 312, 317, 321, 338
clothing of 56, 87-8, 166, 214, 265, 275
cult of 5, 28, 29, 32, 44, 91-2, 93, 116, 127, 129-30, 132, 133-4, 135, 138-9, 140-1, 152, 154-5, 158, 184, 190, 219-21, 242-3, 253, 257, 264, 297, 325, 330, 332, 340
devotees of 76, 174, 303, 325, 339
Isis-Hathor 43, 80, 85, 86, 139-40, 163, 167, 212, 217-18
moon linked with 90, 168-9, 335
Ptolemies as 48, 50, 52, 56, 5-7
snake imagery 315, 316-17
statues of 45, 46
temples to 15, 77, 80, 137, 151, 164, 180-1, 185, 198, 199-200, 226, 228, 229, 266, 274, 279, 301, 321, 335
Ituraea 267, 268
Jahweh 158
Janiculum Hill, Caesar’s grand villa on 182-5, 203
Jerusalem 59, 154, 159, 269
jewellery, Cleopatra’s 239
Joppa (Jaffa) 154
Juba I of Numidia 95, 169-70, 172
Juba II (Gaius Julius) of Numidia 333, 334, 335-6, 337, 338, 339
Judaea 75, 231, 238, 254, 259-60, 262, 267-8, 269, 339
Julia (Caesar’s daughter) 107,108, 109, 160,174, 201, 213
Julia (Caesar’s sister) 172-3, 203
Julia (daughter of Octavian) 256, 261, 299, 331
Julia (mother of Marcus Antonius) 183, 226, 255
Julian Calendar, adoption of 202
Juno (Hera) 43, 44, 208, 328
Jupiter 171, 288, 327-8
see also Zeus
Kalabsha 326
Kallimachos 96, 137, 143, 179, 218, 220
Kallippus of Cyzicus 201
Kallisthenes 33
Karnak temple and priests 17, 33, 34, 54, 83, 141, 142, 144, 145
Kassandros 40
Katon 81
Khent-Min (Panopolis) 136-7
Khnum (creator God) 146, 150-1, 158
Kiosk of the Union with the Sun Disc 168
Kleomenes of Naukratis 35, 38, 53
Knossos 14
knot of Herakles 237, 265, 266 Knowing the Periodic Return of the Stars 148
Koptos 80, 140-1, 227, 297-8, 306
Kos 45, 64, 66, 74, 182
Kynopolls 135
Laberius, Decimus 173
Labyrinth, at Hawara 134
Lagus 23
Lake Mareotis 31, 41, 127, 245
Lake Moeris 132
Lake Nemi 126
Laurentum, Caesar’s villa at 185-6
Lavicum (Labici) 203
Lebanon 52, 56, 267-8, 280, 282
Leontopolis 59, 217
Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius 165, 206, 209, 211, 224-5, 226, 228, 230, 256, 271, 278, 297
Leto 265
Letopolis (Khem) 73, 128, 131
Lisht 132
Livia 273-4
Livy 68
Lochias peninsula 47, 164, 301, 321
Lollia ill
Lucius (son of Octavian) 331
Lucullus 66
Luxor 34, 83, 145
Lycia 52, 227
Lycurgus 16
Lysimachos of Thrace 38, 42
Maatranefer 29, 30-1
Macedonia 1, 12, 20
Magas 45, 49, 50
Malchus 298
Mammisi Birth House
Dendera 140
Hermonthis 146, 162-3, 301, 302
Manetho 5, 47, 82, 83, 84, 143
Marathon, battle of 18
Marcellus 331
Mardion (the eunuch) 280, 285, 309, 310
Mark Antony see Antonius, Marcus (Mark Anthony)
Maro, Publius Vergilius (Virgil) 261, 307, 315
marriage celebrations, Antonius and Cleopatra 264-7
Mars (Ares) god of war 53, 97, 171, 199, 208, 222, 251, 288
Mars, Field of 109, 173, 287
Mary, mother of Jesus 269
Matius, Gaius 162
Mauretania 336, 337, 338, 339
Mazghuna 132
Medamud (Madu) 74, 142
Media 271, 275 king of 272, 273, 276, 281, 296
Medicamina Faciei Femineae (‘The Art of Beauty’) 187
Medum 132
Memnon 143, 144
Memnonion 137
Memphis
in time of Alexander and early Ptolemies 16, 19, 29, 31, 34, 39, 42, 45, 54, 55-6, 58, 60, 65, 66, 68-9, 73, 83
in time of Cleopatra 86, 93,125, 129-32,179, 248, 254, 324
Memphites (Ptolemy) 61
Mendes 19, 49
Menelaus 32, 249
Menes 17
Menkare 144
Messala, Marcus Valerius 285 Metamorphoses (Apuleius) 335
Methone 287, 288
Midas 20
Mihos (Mysis) lion god 217
Mm (fertility god) 49, 88, 89-90, 136-7, 141, 145, 253, 297-8
Minerva 288, 328
see also Athena Minoans 14
miscarriage, alleged concerning Cleopatra 213-14
Mithndates VI of Pontus 66, 74, 79, 117, 164, 182, 239
Mnevis bull 28, 51, 128, 136
see also Apis bull; Buchis bull; sacred bull Mogador 334
Molon, Apollonius (of Rhodes) 107
Monaises 270-1
Monte Ginestro (Palestrina) 77, 181
Montu (war god) 49, 88-9, 91, 142, 145, 146, 162, 218
Mount Olympus 20
Mouseion, the 41, 46, 47, 80-1, 301
Mucia 111
mummification
of Ptolemies 85, 168, 253, 303-5
rites and process of 5, 6, 11, 16, 134, 168, 253, 302-3, 336
Munda 203
Musa, Antonius 186, 335
Mussolini, Benito 126
Mutina (Modena) 223, 224
Mycenae 14
Mycerinus 16
Myrtale of Epirus see Olympias
Mytilene 34
Nakhtnebef see Nectanebo
Naukratis 16, 31, 127
see also Kleomenes of Naukratis
Neapolis (Naples) 180, 190
Nebachudnezzar II 15
Necho I of Sais 15
Necho II 15
Necron, island of 304
Nectanebo I (Nakhtnebef) 19
Nefertiti 4, 6, 19, 50, 83-4, 86, 89, 104, 138, 257
Neith, goddess of 16, 56
Nekheb (El-Kab) 64, 146-7
Nekhbet (vulture goddess) 52, 146-7
Nemeseion 121
Neos Dionysos
see Dionysios Nephthys 93, 257, 318
Neptune 255, 288
Nereids and Graces 26, 238, 239
Nero 332
Nervi 183
Neskedty 83
Nicomedes 111, 171
Nike, goddess 38-9
Nikolaus 279
Nile, the 14, 39, 41, 90, 120, 172, 221, 336
Cleopatra and Caesar’s progress down 125-52
Cleopatra’s canal joining 15, 18, 45, 200, 298
flood 33, 80, 97, 163, 181, 220
Nitocris 82
Nobatae, the 325
North Africa 6, 35, 95, 165, 192, 255, 333, 334, 336
Nubia 45, 54, 56, 325-6
see also Africa
Nut (goddess) 139, 140, 257
obstetrics, Egyptian 154-60
Octavia 226, 256, 259, 260, 261, 262, 272, 2734, 277, 284, 314, 333
Octavian (Gaius Octavius)
alliance with Antonius 223, 225-6, 228-9, 230-1, 255-6, 258
cremation of 332
early years 172-3, 203, 206, 213
rivalry with Antonius 221-3, 223-5, 231, 254-5, 260-2, 268, 271-2, 273-4, 276-9
war against Antonius and Cleopatra 280-91, 295-300, 305-15, 317-18, 320-31, 333-4
Ocymenes 252
Odyssey, The 15
Oinanthe 52, 55
Old Drunken Woman, The 247
Olympias 19, 21-2, 23, 24, 25, 26-7, 33, 39, 40, 155, 247
Olympus (Cleopatra’s personal physician) 157, 309, 313
Ombos (Kom Ombo) 59, 74, 150
Omphale, Queen 237, 243
On His own Drunkenness (Marcus Antonius) 246
On the Anatomy of the Uterus (Galen) 156
Onias IV 59
opium 249
Oppius (Antonius’ officer) 270
Oppius, Gaius 162, 278
Osiris
Caesar as 212, 215, 217, 218, 221
cult of5, 29-30, 31, 44, 49, 135, 137-41, 145, 147, 148, 152, 165-6, 168-9, 183, 220, 235, 239, 243, 303, 321
Marcus Antonius as 235-6, 243, 264, 280, 284, 312
see also Serapis
Ovid 252
Ovinius, Quintus 279, 311
Oxyrhynchus 135
Paapis 325
Pa-ashem (Pakhom) 139
painkillers 159
Palatine Hill 185, 274, 328
Palmyra, Zenobia of 339-40
Pamphylia 52
Pan 136
Pandateria, island of 331
Pantheon, the 328
Papeios, Gaius Julius 279
Paraetonium (Mersa Matruh) 295-6, 299
Parasitos 280
Paris and Helen, of Troy 290-1
Parthia, conquest of 204, 207, 209, 223, 228, 230-1, 241, 254, 255, 259-62, 264, 267-8, 270, 273
Partula 155
Pa-Sebek
see Ombos (Kom Ombo)
Pasherenptah III 65, 68, 73, 82, 85, 86, 115,129, 131, 179, 220, 254, 256, 302, 324
Patoiphos 325
Paul, of Tarsus 339
Pedubastis 179
PeUa 21, 26
Peloponnese, the 52, 228, 283, 287, 295
Peloponnesian War 18
Pelusium (Pelusion) 28, 79, 97-8, 100, 101, 118, 120, 299, 307
Perdikkas (general) 37-8, 39
Perdikkas I 20, 21
perfumes 50, 60, 116, 148, 151, 165-6, 167, 189-90, 237
Pergamum 47, 120, 230, 279, 285
personal hygiene, Rome 186-8
Perugia 255, 278
Petearsemtheus 167
Petorisris 325
Petosiris family 135
Petra, Arabians of 298-9
Petreius 170, 172
Petubastis I 60
Petubastis II 65, 66, 68
Petubastis III 254, 274, 280, 297, 307, 324, 334
Peukestas 31
Phakas, Dioscurides 220
Pharnaces II 164, 172
Pharos 31-2, 41, 46, 78, 101, 119, 154, 172, 249
Pharsalus, batde of 96-7, 120, 165, 207, 283
Philae 15, 56, 58, 80, 125, 151-2, 246, 279, 325, 326, 340
Philaenis of Samos 252
Philip II 21, 22-5, 26, 40, 99, 223, 228, 246
Philippi 229, 230, 235, 283
Philippics (Demosthenes) 24
Philippics , th
e (Cicero speeches) 223-4
Philippus 204
Philo 216
Philostratus 81, 194
Philotas 279
Philoxenus 81
Phoenicia 27-8, 231, 245, 267, 271, 276, 307
Photinus 81
Phraates 270, 272
Phrygia 20
Phryne 105
Physkon (Ptolemy VIII) 58, 59, 60-2, 81, 180, 256, 264
Pindar 16, 21, 39
Piso, Lucius Calpurnius ill, 183, 211
Plancus, Lucius Munatius 243-4, 250, 273, 279, 282, 285, 296, 300, 330
Plato 16, 22, 29, 39, 157
poison, taken by Cleopatra 301, 315-19
Polydamna 249
Polemon of Pontus 262, 332
polygamy 20-1, 121, 264, 277
Pompeia 108, ill
Pompeii 180, 185, 190, 198
Pompeius (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) 74-5, 77, 78, 79, 85, 94-100, 106-12, 117-18, 121, 182
Pompeius, Sextus 224, 227, 255, 260-1, 271, 273, 277
Pontifex Maximus, Caesar as 170, 171, 185
Poseidon 26, 32, 255
Postumia ill
Postumus, Rabirius, Gaius 76
Potheinos (Cleopatra’s prime minister) 73, 97, 98, 99, 100, 113, 118, 280
Potheinus 92, 96, 172
Praxiteles 105
Proculeius, Gaius 310
Propertius 315, 327
protection ceremonies 149
Proteus 32
Psammetichus (Psamtek) I 15
Psammetichus II 144, 329
Psammon 31
Psamtek I (Psammetichus) 15
Psenamun of Letopolis 324
Psyllian snake-charmers 320-1
Ptah, Egyptian god of 16, 29, 49, 65, 93, 12930
Ptolemaios see Caesarion
Ptolemais 19
Ptolemais Hermiou 137
Ptolemaia festival 274-7
Ptolemy I 23, 34, 37, 38-40, 41-2, 43, 81, 264, 334
Ptolemy II 42, 44, 45-50, 82, 128, 216, 257, 270
Ptolemy III 50, 52, 263, 264, 266
Ptolemy IV (Philopator) 52-4, 67, 81, 125, 126, 145, 299
Ptolemy V (Epiphanes) 54-7
Ptolemy VI 57, 58, 59, 180, 263
Ptolemy VIII (Physkon) 58, 59, 81, 180, 256, 264
Ptolemy IX (Chickpea) 61, 62, 63-5, 66-7, 125, 133, 142, 151, 296
Ptolemy X 61
Ptolemy XI 67, 74, 180
Ptolemy XII see Auletes (Ptolemy XII)
Ptolemy XIII 91, 92-3, 95-6, 98, 100, 113-14, 114, 115, 118, 120, 143, 172, 241
Ptolemy XIV 121,141,153, 179,181,195, 21415, 226
Ptolemy Apion 59, 62, 65, 75
Ptolemy Eupator 59
Ptolemy Keraunos 42, 43
Ptolemy of Cyprus 300
Ptolemy (son of Juba II) 337-8
Ptolemy Philadelphos (fourth child of Cleopatra) 270, 275, 276, 279, 306-7, 333
Puteoli 180, 204, 339
Pythagoras 16
Pytheas 108
Pythodoris 332
Quintili brothers 198
Ra (sun god) 28, 30, 89, 128-9, 321, 329
Cleopatra the Great Page 55