The Children of Henry VIII
Page 23
divorces Anne of Cleves 100
doubts about Anne Boleyn 88, 89
first divorce campaign 67–72, 74, 75
health 102, 103
in France 74, 105
in love with Anne Boleyn 65–7, 73
in love with Jane Seymour 86, 89
jousting accident 88, 103
marries Katherine of Aragon 9, 10
marries Anne Boleyn 75
marries Jane Seymour 91
marries Anne of Cleves 99–100
marries Katherine Howard 100
marries Katherine Parr 100, 102
mistresses 20, 21, 37–9, 44, 63, 86, 89
reconciliation with Mary 95–6
religion 103, 104, 111
reproductive difficulties 16, 89
will of 114, 115, 116, 123, 131, 132, 140, 143, 147, 151, 153, 165, 174
Henry (1st son of Henry VIII):
birth of 12
baptism of 13
death of 14, 28
funeral of 15
Henry, Duke of Anjou, see Henry III (Duke of Anjou, king of France)
Henry, Duke of Orléans, see Henry II (Duke of Orléans, king of France)
Henry Fitzroy, see Fitzroy, Henry (illegitimate son of Henry VIII, Earl of Nottingham, Duke of Richmond and Somerset)
Henry, Lord Stafford, see Stafford, Henry (Lord Stafford)
Herbert, Blanche (Lady Troy) 98–100, 117, 118
Herbert, Henry (Lord Herbert) 143
Herbert, Sir William of Troy Parva 98
Herbert, William (Earl of Pembroke) 143, 154
heresy 100, 104, 137, 161, 162, 177
Hertford Castle 109, 112
Hoby, Sir Philip 111
Hoby, Sir Thomas 111
Holbein, Hans the Younger 106
Holland 198; see also Low Countries
Holyrood 192
Hooper, John (bishop of Gloucester) 127
Hopkins, Nicholas 28
Howard, Agnes (Duchess of Norfolk, later Dowager Duchess) 25, 40, 77
Howard, Henry (Earl of Surrey) 84, 85
Howard, Katherine, see Katherine Howard (queen of England)
Howard, Mary 77, 85
Howard, Thomas (2nd Duke of Norfolk) 26
Howard, Thomas (3rd Duke of Norfolk) 47, 50, 77, 79, 84, 92–4, 97, 100
Howard, Lord William of Effingham 177
Hunsdon, manor of 92, 95, 97, 112, 116
Hussey, Lord John 81
Ingatestone 21
Isabella (queen of Castile) 4
Isabella (infanta of Portugal, daughter of King Manuel I by 2nd marriage) 48
Isocrates 109, 139, 140, 155, 191
Italy 22, 40, 42, 87, 153
James II (king of England) 197
James IV (king of Scotland) 192
James V (king of Scotland) 58
James VI (king of Scotland) 198
Jane Grey (claimant queen of England) 118, 120, 121, 143, 146–50, 158, 166, 177–9, 182, 194, Plate 7
Jane Seymour (queen of England) 24, 41, 86, 88, 89, 91, 95, 106, 194
birth of Edward 97
character 86
death of 98
health 97
love of cucumbers 97
relations with Mary 95, 97
Jerningham, Sir Henry 96
John, ‘Master’ (artist) 105
Josiah (Old Testament king) 125, 126, 133, 183
Juan, Prince (elder brother of Katherine of Aragon) 4
Juana (queen of Castile) 18, 32
Julius II (pope) 9, 69
Katherine (daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York) 7
Katherine of Aragon (queen of England) 1, 4, 6, 9–12, 14, 15, 18–20, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42–5, 47–9, 51, 59, 61, 62, 67–70, 73–5, 86, 87, 89, 162
and divorce 68
banished from Court 73
commissions book on women’s education 43
death of 87
gynaecological difficulties 15, 16, 18, 19
helps with Mary’s education 42, 59
marriage annulled 75
pilgrimages 26, 28, 37
refuses to enter a nunnery 73
rifts with Henry VIII 29, 48, 49, 61, 62, 73
Katherine Howard (queen of England) 100
Katherine Parr (queen of England) 100–3, 106, 107, 111, 112, 116, 118, 119, 135, 138, 182, 194
appearance 103, Plate 2
at risk of heresy charge 104
commissions portrait 105
death of 120
education 103
fears a sex scandal 120
Lamentation of a Sinner 104
pregnant 117, 120–1
relations with Edward 107
relations with Elizabeth 107, 118
relations with Mary 104, 105, 107
relationship and marriage with Thomas Seymour 103, 116–20
religion 103, 104, 120
taste in clothes and shoes 104, 105, 112
Kell antigen 16, 18, 89
Kingston, Lady Mary 98
Kingston, Sir William 79, 98
Knollys, Lettice 178
Knollys, Sir Francis 178
Knox, John 127, 184, 185
First Blast of the Trumpet 184, 185
Lambeth Palace 167
Leeds Castle 107
Liber Regalis 151, 179
Lily, William 111
Lisle, Viscount, see Plantagenet, Arthur (Viscount Lisle)
Livy 109, 139
London 9–10, 12, 23, 24, 35, 51, 53, 76, 78, 128, 132, 135, 136, 148–50, 154–5, 157, 158, 159, 166, 167, 171, 172, 174, 176, 184, 185, 187, 192
Baynard’s Castle 93
Blackfriars 70
Bridewell Palace 46
Cheapside 132
Clerkenwell 132
Fleet Street 149
London Bridge 157, 158
St Paul’s Cathedral 1, 36, 76, 111, 148
Somerset Place 169, 171, 177
Smithfield 132
Thames Street 20, 93
Whitechapel 148
see also Tower of London
Lorraine, Duchess of, see Christina, Duchess of Lorraine, 172
Louis XII (king of France) 38
Low Countries 42, 153, 165, 191, 195; see also Holland
Lucian of Samosata 109
Ludlow Castle 1, 5, 23, 52, 59–61
Madrid 48, 60
Maitland of Lethington, William 191–3
Malines 177
Manners, Thomas (Earl of Rutland) 78
Manuel, Doña Elvira 4
Margaret (daughter of Henry VII, queen of Scotland) 164, 192
Margaret, Archduchess of Burgundy 4, 64
Margaret, Duchess of Parma 172
Margaret, ‘Mother’ (Mary’s nurse) 27
Maria (queen of Portugal, daughter of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile) 18
Maria Manuel (infanta of Portugal, daughter of King Manuel I by 3rd marriage) 61
Marlborough 159
Marie de Guise (queen of Scotland, later regent) 184
Mary (daughter of Henry VIII, queen of England) 51, 53, 60, 61, 106, 116–7, 121, 124, 134, 147, 177, 179, 184, 187, 193, 194
and putsch of 1549 124
and the succession 22, 23, 49, 51, 52, 105, 106, 114, 164, 165, 172
appearance 150, Plates 8, 10
baptism of 18
birth of 18
character 152, 170, 172
clashes with her father 80–2, 92, 93, 133
commissions portrait 105
coronation 151
counter-coup against Jane Grey 147
death of 173
disagreements with Philip 164, 170, 171, 173
education 39, 40, 42–4, 58–60
funeral of 176
godmother to Edward 97, 99
handwriting 40, 41–2
health 73, 83, 92, 93, 150, 163, 173, 174
household of 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 52, 82, 83, 92, 95, 96, 98
&n
bsp; informed of Edward’s sickness 142, 147
lands 116, 131, 147
marries Philip of Spain 153, 154, 161
mother’s love for 18, 31–2, 39, 42, 47
nursery 18, 19, 24–5
opposition in Edward’s reign 127, 129–33
plays musical instruments 26, 40, 59–61
proclaimed queen 148, 150
proficiency in languages 44, 61
proposed French marriage 61, 68
proposed marriage to Charles V 33, 36
pseudo-pregnancies 162–4, 173
rejects advice that her claim to the throne should be confirmed 151
reconciliation with her father 95
refounds monasteries 162
relations with Edward 99, 113, 131–3, 140
relations with Elizabeth 81–3, 97, 113, 151, 152, 154, 155, 158, 159, 163, 164, 169–72
relations with Jane Seymour 97
relations with Katherine Parr 100, 105
religion 59, 129–33, 151–3, 162
returns to Court 60, 84, 97, 100
stripped of title as princess 81
suit of Thomas Seymour 116, 121
takes Charles V as her valentine 33, 153
taste in clothes and gloves 104, 105, 112
titular head of Council in Marches of Wales 52
upset by dismissal of Margaret Pole 29, 30
wants Elizabeth tried for treason 155, 159, 169
Mary (daughter of Henry VII, Dowager Queen of France) 38, 45, 53, 64, 114
Mary (queen of Scots, Dowager Queen of France) 184, 187, 192, 195
Mary Boleyn (ship) 39
Matilda (claimant queen of England) 23
Middleham 50
Montpellier 85
More, The (now ‘Moor Park’, Hertfordshire) 25, 73, 98, 138, 182
More, Thomas 11, 22, 35, 39, 42, 45, 46, 54, 68, 71, 74, 103, 112
his daughters 39, 40, 42, 43, 54, 103
History of King Richard III 11
Utopia 44
see also Roper, Margaret
Moryson, Richard 111, 129, 178
Mühlberg, battle of 128
Neville, John (Lord Latimer) 100
New Hall, manor of 82, 116
New World 153
New Year’s gifts 25, 26, 31, 40, 57, 59, 66, 85, 99, 113, 167
Nicodemism 167, 183, 195
Noailles, Antoine de 155, 156, 169
Norris, Henry 90, 91
Norton, Thomas 185
Osorio, Jeronimo 168
Pace, Richard 30
Padua 155, 166
Page, Richard 45, 108
Paget, Sir William (Lord Paget) 115, 172
Palsgrave, John 45, 53–5
Paris 38, 43, 48, 49, 53, 61, 64, 72, 85, 87
Parker, Matthew (archbishop of Canterbury) 137, 182, 183
Parliament 22, 71, 72, 75, 76, 80, 91, 100, 103–5, 122, 129, 146, 151, 152, 154, 165, 168, 171, 179, 191, 194, 197
Parma, Duchess of, see Margaret, Duchess of Parma
Parr, Katherine, see Katherine Parr (queen of England)
Parry, Blanche 99, 100, 118, 136, 178
Parry, Sir Thomas 121, 134, 136, 155, 166, 174, 177
Partridge, William 148
Paulet, Sir William (Lord St John, Marquis of Winchester) 80, 159
Pavia, battle of 48
Peckham, Henry (conspirator) 169, 170
Percy, Henry Algernon (5th Earl of Northumberland) 64
Percy, Henry Algernon (6th Earl of Northumberland) 64, 65
Pérez, Gonzalo 166
Perpignan 68
Philip I (king of England, king of Spain as Philip II, Archduke of Burgundy and Brabant etc.) 153, 161–6, 168, 169, 171–4, 176, 187, 194, Plates 8, 10
Piamontese, Francesco 169
Piedmont, Prince of, see Emmanuel Philibert (Duke of Savoy, Prince of Piedmont)
Picton (or Pyctones), John 111
Plantagenet, Arthur (Viscount Lisle) 47
Plantagenet, George (Duke of Clarence) 23
Plantagenet, Richard (son of Edward IV, Duke of York) 47
Plato 43, 44
pleural empyema 93, 142
Pliny the Younger 109
Poissy 171
Pole, Margaret (Countess of Salisbury) 23, 24, 29, 39, 40, 52, 58, 81, 82, 162
Pole, Reginald (cardinal, archbishop of Canterbury) 161, 162, 167, 171, 173
Pole, Sir Richard 5, 23
Pole, Ursula 29
Pontefract Castle 53, 57
Pope, Sir Thomas 170–1
Popincourt, Jane 20
Portsmouth 141
praemunire 71
Privy Council 80, 121–5, 129, 130, 135, 140, 146, 148, 151, 153, 158, 159, 161, 162, 165, 168, 170, 172, 174, 187, 190, 191, 197
Puebla, Roderigo de 8
Rastell, John 35
revolts of 1549 122–3, 125
Richard III (king of England) 2, 9, 50
Richard, Duke of York, see Plantagenet, Richard (Duke of York)
Richmond 8, 12, 15, 21, 25, 32, 54, 73, 79, 99, 152, 159
Robsart, Amy, see Dudley, Amy
Rome, sack of 68
Roper, Margaret 42, 43, 112
Royal Book 13, 18, 76, 151, 163
Russell, Francis (Earl of Bedford) 155, 176, 180, 188
Sackville, Sir Richard 177
St Augustine 167
St George’s Chapel, Windsor 31, 46
St James’s Palace 47, 93, 107, 135
St Jerome 43
St Lawrence’s Priory, Blackmore 21
St Omer 91
St Quentin 172
St Thomas Aquinas 59
Salinas, Martin de 36
Sandes, Elizabeth 161, 166
Savoy, Duke of, see Emmanuel Philibert (Duke of Savoy, Prince of Piedmont)
Scotland 50, 58, 115, 125, 127, 137, 176, 184, 187, 192, 198
Seneca 43
Seymour, Edward (Earl of Hertford, Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector and Governor of the King’s Person) 86, 97, 115–17, 121, 122, 124, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133–7, 142, 156, 177
Seymour, Jane, see Jane Seymour (queen of England)
Seymour, Sir John 86
Seymour, Sir Thomas 86, 103, 115–23, 134, 138, 156, 195, Plate 4
Shelton, Lady Anne 82, 83, 98, 152
Shelton, Sir John 82, 83, 96, 98, 152
Shelton, ‘Madge’ 86, 90
Sheriff Hutton 51, 53
Sidney, Mary 178
Sidney, Sir William 98, 108, 178
Smeaton, Mark 90, 172
Sophocles 139
Southampton 37, 141, 166
Spain 4, 10, 34, 36, 153, 165, 172, 188, 190, 191, 194, 196
Stafford, Edward (Duke of Buckingham) 19, 20, 27, 28, 30
Stafford, Elizabeth 19, 20
Stafford, Henry (Lord Stafford) 29
Stamford 137, 166
Stokesley, John (bishop of London) 77
Strelley, Frideswide 178
Stuart, Henry (Lord Darnley) 187
Stuart Mary, see Mary (queen of Scots, Dowager Queen of France)
Sturm, Johann 139, 168
Sudeley Castle 120, 121
sweating sickness 2, 205 n. 4
Switzerland 166, 177
Swynford, Katherine 22, 47
Tailboys, George (Lord Tailboys of Kyme) 21
Tailboys, Gilbert 21, 45
Talbot, Mary 64, 65
Tertullian 43
testicular cancer 4
Thetford Priory 95
Thomas, William 140
Thornbury Castle 30, 52
Thurgoode, John 31
Tickenhill 52
Toledo 4
Tonge, Susan (Mrs Clarencius) 96, 163, 178
Toulouse 85
Tower of London 7, 9, 12, 73, 94, 121, 123, 124, 135, 136, 146, 148, 154–6, 158, 159, 162, 169, 171, 176, 187, 195
Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula 7
Tower Hill 122, 135, 148
Tower Wharf 158
&
nbsp; Troy, Lady, see Herbert, Blanche (Lady Troy)
tuberculosis 2, 142
Tudor, Edmund 6, 47
Tyndale, William 72
Tyrwhit, Sir Robert 121, 133, 159, 195
Valencia 43
Vatican 65, 68, 70, 74
Venice 198
Vere, Elizabeth de (Dowager Countess of Oxford) 30, 31
Vere, John de (Earl of Oxford) 46
Vermigli, Peter Martyr 128
Verney, Francis (conspirator) 169, 170
Veysey, John (bishop of Exeter) 52
Virgil:
Eclogues 53
Vives, Juan Luis 42–4, 55, 59, 108, 109, 113, 139
De Institutione Feminae Christianae 43
Vulgate Bible 5
Wakefield, Robert 70
Wales, government of 50, 51
Walsingham 13, 26, 28, 37
Welford 138
Wendy, Thomas 111
Westminster 7, 14, 46, 133, 166, 169
Abbey 15, 151, 178, 180, 193
Hall 28
Whitehall 73, 91, 106, 107, 112, 116, 132, 135, 140, 154, 164, 172
Wightman, William 121
Willoughby, Katherine (Duchess of Suffolk) 108
Wimbledon 167
Winchester 37, 161
Windsor Castle 21, 25, 30, 31, 36, 37, 74, 97, 98, 186; see also St George’s Chapel, Windsor
Woking 97
Wolf Hall 86
Wolsey, Thomas (cardinal, papal legate a latere, archbishop of York) 21, 22, 25, 26, 28–31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 43, 45, 46, 50, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 67, 68, 70, 71, 74, 96
Woodstock 159–61, 162
Wriothesley, Sir Thomas (Earl of Southampton) 109, 124, 125, 127
Wyatt, Thomas (the elder) 64
Wyatt, Sir Thomas 149, 154, 158, 169
York Place 37, 68, 73
Yuste, monastery of 153
Zouche, David 23–4
Zürich 129
PLATE 1 Henry VIII as he approached the age of 55. A posthumous image by Cornelis Metsys, engraved at Antwerp in c.1548. The artist had fled to England after being exiled from Brabant in 1544.
PLATE 2 Katherine Parr, Henry VIII’s sixth and last queen, aged about 33. By the artist known as ‘Master John’, c.1545.
PLATE 3 Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset, Henry VIII’s illegitimate son, aged about 15. By Lucas Horenboute, c.1534.
PLATE 4 An unknown man, said to be Sir Thomas Seymour, aged about 35. Attributed to Hans Holbein the Younger, c.1543. In Edward VI’s reign, Seymour first scandalously flirted with Elizabeth, and then attempted to marry her.
PLATE 5 Edward VI shortly after he became king in 1547, holding a leather purse in one hand and a red rose in the other. To the left of the painting among the roses and violets is a sunflower (the colour now faded), that instead of turning to the sun as heliotropic plants do, turns to the young king, who is eulogized in Italian and Latin texts below. Attributed to William Scrots.