The Noonday Demon

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by Solomon, Andrew

employment, 337, 351, 366–68, 370, 374, 376, 392, 425, 428

  health care coverage through, 372

  modern choices of, 406

  productivity losses and, 371

  salutary effects of, 374

  Enchantment Resort, 454

  endorphins, 138, 223, 229, 467–68

  energy therapies, 136–37

  England:

  cultural norms of drinking in, 226

  gas-related suicides in, 255

  Victorian asylums in, 318–19

  English Renaissance, 296–97

  Enigma of Suicide, The (Colt), 243

  enkephalin, 218

  environmental crisis, 30–31

  ephedrine, 116

  epinephrine, 332, 333

  Erasistratus of Juli, 289

  Eskimo (Inuit) peoples, depression in, 208–15

  Esquirol, J. E. D., 484–85

  estrogen levels, 117, 173, 457

  ethnicity, 194–200

  African-American, 195–200, 351

  Cambodian, 32–37

  East Asian, 200

  Hispanic, 194–95, 343

  Inuit Eskimo, 208–15

  Jewish, 180

  Russian, 200–201, 226–27

  West African, 165–70

  euthanasia, 268–73, 275, 280, 476

  Evagrius, 293, 478

  evolution, 401–20

  of brain function, 413–20

  dominance ranking and, 404–6

  of emotional range, 412–14

  of interpersonal benefits of depression, 409–12

  modern life stresses and, 406–9

  of optimism vs. realism, 433–34

  social aspects of, 404–14

  treatment decisions informed by understanding of, 419

  exercise, 137–38, 148, 198, 200, 311, 454

  existentialism, 41, 245, 329–30, 435

  eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, 137, 140–41, 144, 158, 394, 454

  Eyeson-Annan, M. L., 447

  F

  failure to thrive, 183–84, 460

  faith, spiritual, see religious faith

  family planning clinics, mental health services in, 339

  Farman, Joseph, 491

  Faverin/Luvox (fluvoxamine), 334

  see also Luvox

  FDA (Food and Drug Administration), 362, 395, 397, 456

  fears, irrational, 109, 305–6

  Federal Aviation Administration, 367, 491

  femininity, passive ideal of, 176–77

  Fénelon, François de Salignac de La Mothe-, 131

  Ficino, Marsilio, 295–96, 299, 301, 312, 479

  Field, Tiffany, 459

  fight-or-flight response, 58

  Final Exit (Humphry), 268

  fish oil, 139

  fitness training, 198, 200

  Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 144

  Fliess Papers, 323

  fluoxetine, see Prozac

  fluvoxamine (Faverin/Luvox), 114, 334

  flying phobias, behavioral therapy for, 109

  Flynn, Laurie, 370–71

  folic acid, 138

  Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 362, 395, 397, 456

  Food Doctor, The (Edgson), 139

  foods, therapeutic value of, 138–39

  food stamps, 339

  forbearance, 81–82

  Forest Laboratories, 445

  Foucault, Michel, 320, 485

  Frank, Ellen, 101, 103–4, 451

  Frazer, Allen, 113

  freedom, stress induced by, 406–9

  free will, 335, 432

  Freud, Sigmund, 222, 285, 297, 326

  on ego splitting in response to loss, 324–25

  hidden motivations posited by, 102, 103, 325

  infantile experiences emphasized by, 183, 204, 328

  on melancholic’s acuity of perception, 433

  on mourning vs. melancholia, 299, 301, 323, 324

  Plato vs., 287

  social context of, 176, 407

  on suicide, 246, 252, 473

  unconscious mind and, 102, 323, 324–25

  on women’s hysteria, 176

  Friedman, Richard A., 114, 118, 119, 137–38

  Friedman, Richard C., 203–5, 463

  friendships:

  reclusive past as obstacle to, 162

  repair of, 70

  strain on, 69, 411–12

  frontal cortex, 49, 55, 123

  G

  GABA receptors, 228

  Galanter, Marc, 468

  Galen, Claudius, 291–92, 301, 478

  Gardner, Russell, 405, 495–96

  gastric secretions, 56

  gay men and women, depression among, 202–8, 463–65

  gene-based therapy, 171–73

  genius, melancholia associated with, 285, 288–89, 299, 300–301, 316

  genome-lag hypothesis, 406–7

  “Gerontion” (Eliot), 225

  GHB, 232

  Gifford, George, 297

  gingivitis, dry mouth and, 422

  ginkgo biloba, 116

  glass delusion, 304

  Glass Licentiate, The (Cervantes), 304

  glucocorticoid receptors, 57

  Goddard, Russell, 62

  Goes, Hugo van der, 295

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 251, 314, 315

  Gold, Mark, 466, 467, 469

  Gold, Sarah, 118

  Goldstein, Andrew, 373

  Goldstein, Risa, 472

  Goodwin, Frederick, 447

  Gore, Tipper, 365, 374

  Grand, David, 141

  granisetron, 116

  Gray, Thomas, 312, 315

  Greden, John, 26, 60, 80, 449

  Greece, suicide rates in, 259

  Greek medical practice, ancient, 286–90

  Greene, Graham, 12

  Greenland:

  depression among Inuit peoples of, 208–15

  youth suicides in, 258

  Gretzky, Wayne, 237

  grief:

  depression vs., 16, 79, 124, 299, 323, 324, 412, 434, 435

  love at root of, 412, 414

  social value of, 434, 435

  Griesinger, W., 319–20, 485

  grooming, as socializing force, 36–37

  group therapy, 137, 158–59, 170, 341–42, 343, 354

  guns, availability of, 254, 255, 357–58, 474

  Gut, Emmy, 435

  Guze, S. B., 447

  H

  Hacking, Ian, 194

  Hadley, Suzanne, 451–52

  Hagen, Edward, 411

  Hahn, Kurt, 142, 143, 455

  Halberstadt, Anna, 200–201

  Halcion, 119

  hallucinogens, 222, 232–33, 291

  Hamlet (Shakespeare), 245, 300, 316, 419, 470

  happiness, 499

  cultivation of, 133–34

  as insensitivity, 443

  postdepression experience of, 78

  vitality vs., 443

  see also joy

  hard drugs, 230–32

  see also substance abuse; specific hard drugs

  Haroules, Beth, 382

  Harrington, Scott, 493

  Harris, M. Jackuelyn, 463

  Hassoun, Jacques, 326

  Hauenstein, Emily, 339–40, 344, 348–49, 353, 354, 355, 490

  Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 329

  Healey, David, 396–98

  health insurance:

  cost increases vs. numbers covered in, 372, 492

  industry lobbying on, 372

  lack of, 372, 375–78

  mental illness parity in, 361, 369–74, 377, 492

  state control vs. federal mandates on, 376

  health maintenance organizations (HMOs), 374

  hospitalization coverage and, 370–71

  psychopharmacology and, 90, 107, 384

  heart disease, 57, 58–59, 103, 449

  Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 316

  Heidegger, Martin, 440

  heights, fear of, 27–28
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  Heldman, Kevin, 386

  Hellinger, Bert, 158, 456

  hemangioma, 355, 357, 358

  Henry, Patrick, 249

  Heracles (mythological figure), 288–89

  herbal medicine:

  Chinese, 137, 148, 229

  in historical treatments of melancholia, 286–87, 288, 290, 291, 300, 304, 313

  Khmer, 36

  Saint-John’s wort, 146–47, 148, 149, 304, 313, 394

  for sexual side effects of antidepressants, 116

  Hernandez, Sheila (pseudonym), 346–47, 360, 379

  heroin, 218, 221, 229, 232, 235, 238, 346, 391

  Herophilus of Calcedonius, 289

  Herrel, R., 463

  hibernation, 406

  Hinckley, John, 373

  hippocampus, 60

  Hippocrates, 31, 285, 286–87, 288, 289, 291, 301, 319, 334

  Hispanic culture, 194–95, 343

  HIV/AIDS, 71–73, 77, 203, 347, 353–55, 362

  HMOs, see health maintenance organizations

  Hobbes, Thomas, 413

  Hoffman, Friedrich, 308, 481

  Holocaust survivors:

  CBT principle as strategy of, 109

  suicide of, 281–82

  homeless, 354, 355, 375

  military veterans among, 381

  outreach programs for, 390, 392

  psychiatric care vs. social intervention for, 106–7

  homeopathy, 137, 148, 149–50, 154

  Homer, 287

  homesickness, 435

  homicide, 282, 373

  Homme Machine, L’ (La Mettrie), 308

  homophobia, 202, 203–4, 205–7, 465

  homosexuality, 202–8

  hormone levels, neurotransmitters and, 174

  hormone therapies, 117

  hospitals, hospitalization:

  class-action suits against, 392

  dehumanizing experience of, 75, 385

  deinstitutionalization movement and, 380, 392

  eighteenth-century abuse in, 309, 318

  of elderly depressed people, 190

  establishment of asylum residential system of, 317–19, 320–21

  facilities shortage and, 378

  health plan coverage of, 370–71

  internal advocacy for patient rights in, 424

  in long-term structured residential services, 391

  noninstitutional programs vs., 391–92

  per-patient budgets of, 385, 386

  recurrences of, 427–28

  restraints employed in, 386, 423

  sedating medications and, 385, 386

  in Senegal, 165–66

  state facilities of, 385–89, 391

  supervised housing programs after, 424, 425, 427

  as treatment resource, 120

  voluntary vs. involuntary, 378–82

  how to stop time (Marlowe), 238

  Hugo, Victor, 321

  human genome, 172, 456

  humanist philosophy, 295

  humiliation, 63

  humors, four, 286–88, 290, 291–92, 306, 323

  Humphry, Derek, 268

  hunger, 77, 402

  hunter-gatherer societies, 405, 406

  Huysmans, Joris-Karl, 321

  Hyman, Steven:

  on antidepressant medication, 103, 113, 236

  on childhood depression, 185

  on genetic effects in brain, 171–72

  on mental health outreach, 338

  on “mood gene,” 23

  on overemphasis on serotonin, 112

  on psychotherapy, 103, 105

  on social stigmatization of depression, 363

  on therapeutic effects of prayer, 130

  hypericum, 146

  hypnosis, 137, 144

  hypnotic drugs, 222

  hypothalamic functions, 48, 55

  cortical function and, 448

  light stimulation of, 140

  hypothyroidism, 289

  I

  IAPSRS (International Association of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services), 368

  iatromechanical model, 307, 481

  icebergs, 210–11

  Illiminaq, Greenland, 210–15

  illiteracy, 351

  imaging technology, brain metabolism represented in, 254, 362, 417

  imipramine, 153–54, 331

  immune response:

  cortisol employed in, 158

  depression as cause of decrease in, 57

  of indigent depressed, 345

  interleukin-6 in, 146

  right-brain activation as predictor of, 418

  impotence, 115, 116

  impulsiveness, 253, 255, 256

  India, train suicides in, 255

  individualism, 132

  industrial revolution, 320

  infancy:

  asymmetry of brain activation in, 418

  cause/effect linkage developed in, 350

  depression in, 181, 459

  see also childhood depression; children

  Inquisition, 293, 308

  insomnia:

  drug treatment for, 119

  of elderly depressed, 190

  suicidality linked to, 146

  instinct, 414–15

  institutionalization, see hospitals, hospitalization

  insurance coverage, see health insurance

  interleukin-6, 146

  International Association of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services (IAPSRS), 368

  interpersonal therapy (IPT), 107, 109–10

  intimacy, value of, 436

  Inuit (Eskimo) peoples, depression in, 208–15

  invention, nature vs., 430–31

  involuntary-commitment laws, 378

  iprindole, 333

  iproniazid, 331

  irrational fears, 305–6

  irritable bowel syndrome, 65

  Islam, holy wars of, 247

  isolation, 103, 214, 220

  isoniazid, 331

  Italian Renaissance, melancholia in, 295–96, 299

  J

  Jack, Dana Crowley, 176–77, 178

  Jackson, Stanley, 445, 478

  Jacob’s Room (Woolf), 16–17

  James, William, 321, 322, 328, 485

  James I, King of England, 297

  Jamison, Kay Redfield, 445

  on adolescent depression, 187

  on complexity of brain chemistry, 254

  on depression as killer, 57

  on emotional range, 412

  on family responses to depressed relative, 63

  on genetic predisposition to depression, 56

  struggle against depression described by, 61–62

  on suicide and suicidality, 254, 259–60, 263, 264, 265, 447

  Janesson, Ruth Ann, 343–45, 360

  Jefferson, Thomas, 329

  Jewish men, depression rates of, 180

  Jews, Berlin, suicide rates of, 204, 465

  Joelson, Amalia, 212, 213–14

  Johansen, Karen, 212–14

  Johns Hopkins University Hospital, psychiatric training at, 328

  Johnson, Samuel, 310, 311

  Jones, Nancy Aaron, 459

  Joshi, Paramjit T., 184, 186, 460

  joy, 443, 499

  depression survivors’ appreciation of, 78, 434, 439

  see also happiness

  juvenile delinquency, 337

  K

  Kaczynski, Theodore (Unabomber), 125, 454

  Kahn, Eve, 82–83

  Kahn, Jack, 404

  Kant, Immanuel, 312, 314, 315

  Kaptur, Marcy, 372, 373–74, 378, 379, 381

  Katz, Ira, 461–62

  kayak anxiety, 213, 465

  kayaking, 143, 213

  Keats, John, 314

  Keller, Martin, 104

  Kendler, Ken, 450

  Kendra’s Law, 380

  Kenyon, Jane, 66, 79

  ketamine (Special K), 232

  ketoconazole, 58

  Kevorkian, Jack, 268

  Kharms, D
aniil, 77

  Khmer Rouge, 32–35, 351, 448

  kidney stones, 46–47

  Kierkegaard, Søren, 316, 484

  kinesiology, 142

  Kleber, Herbert, 219, 221, 223, 224–25, 230, 468

  Klein, Donald, 103

  Klein, Melanie, 326

  Klerman, Gerald, 109

  Kline, Nathan, 331

  Klitzman, Robert, 104, 436

  Klonopin, 83, 119, 121, 234

  Kraemer, Gary, 474, 475

  Kraepelin, Emil, 189, 285, 323, 326–27, 328, 331, 450, 486

  Krafft-Ebing, Richard von, 485–86

  Kramer, Peter, 236, 399

  Kristeva, Julia, 52, 263, 435, 440, 445

  Kuhn, Reinhard, 478

  Kuhn, Roland, 331

  Kye, Christopher, 460

  Kyner, Marian, 344, 349, 350–51, 355, 358, 359

  L

  Lacan, Jacques, 326

  La Mettrie, Julien Offray de, 307–8, 481

  Lange, Amelia, 212, 214

  language, asymmetrical brain function and, 416–17, 418–19

  L-arginine, 116

  Last Kings of Thule, The (Malaurie), 465

  Latin culture, 194–95, 343

  Lawlor, B. A., 462

 

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