An American Life
Page 80
North Korea, 369–70
Northwestern University, 58, 65
Notre Dame University, 90, 91, 94, 453
Nuclear freeze, 552–54, 557, 558, 566, 568–70, 574
Nuclear weapons
arms race, 267–68
Cuba and, 472
defensive shield against, see Strategic Defense Initiative
at end of World War II, 273
Iraq and, 413
MAD policy and, 257–58, 265
reduction in, see Arms control
Soviet preponderance of, 220, 234, 294–95
O’Brien, Pat, 84, 90–91
O’Connor, Sandra Day, 280, 282
Office of Management and Budget, 253, 314
Oglesby, M. B., 725
Ohio State University, 330
Oklahoma Outlaws, 78
O’Leary, Jerry, 725
Onassis, Jacqueline, 219
O’Neill, Tip, 233, 250–51, 322, 329, 331, 386, 403, 639, 660
and Central America policy, 479, 484
economic recovery program opposed by, 234, 250, 284–85, 288, 306, 313, 317, 318
and Grenada invasion, 454
MX missile opposed by, 601, 610
nuclear testing moratorium advocated by, 660
in Soviet Union, 615
Oregon, University of, 330
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 610
Organization of American States (OAS), 299, 473
Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, 449, 454
Orlov, Yuri, 645, 673, 674
Ortega, Daniel, 481, 616
Osborne, Kathy, 8, 539, 695, 725
Osborne, Shelley, 725
Ottawa economic summit, 350, 352
Pakistan, 619, 703
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), 408, 409, 412, 413, 417–424, 426–28, 430, 431, 435, 439–41, 445, 446, 464, 489, 507, 508, 704
Palestinians, 414, 432, 434, 442, 492, 493, 511
Palmer, Colonel B. J., 63
Panama, 366, 704
Panama Canal, 202, 473
Paramount Studios, 117, 118, 171
Parker, Dorothy, 79
Parkinson, Gaylord, 150
Parliament, British, 352, 554–55
Parr, Jerry, 259–62
Paye, Jean-Claude, 610
Peace through Strength policy, 549, 564
Pearl Harbor, Japanese bombing of, 96, 97
Pensions of federal employees, 340
Pentecostalists, 558, 572, 597
Pepitone, Nino, 103
Per capita income, increases in, 402
Peres, Shimon, 427, 439, 493, 506
Perestroika, 683, 702–3, 708, 709
Pershing II missiles, 295, 296, 353, 551, 580, 581, 586, 592, 599, 621, 645, 653, 699
Pertini, Alessandro, 388, 390
Phalange Christian militia, 412, 437
Philadelphia Story, The, 80
Philip, Prince, 354, 387, 568
Philippines, 187, 362–67, 507, 515, 703
Pickford, Mary, 58
Pitney, H. C, 26, 32, 54
Plante, Bill, 725
Poindexter, John, 364, 365, 517, 535, 667, 668, 673, 721
Iran-Contra role of, 486, 509, 516, 522, 526, 528–30, 533, 534, 541–43
Poland, 267, 301–6, 368, 372, 703
economy of, 238
martial law in, 299, 303–4, 320, 549, 551, 552, 557, 575
Pork-barrel legislation, 336, 338
Poseidon submarines, 620
Poverty programs, 198–99
Powell, Lieutenant General Colin, 535, 540, 722
Pravda, 377
Press, 392–94
and Bitburg visit, 378, 379, 382
budget process and, 337
cancer surgery reported in, 502
Central America and, 479–82, 485
and Daniloff affair, 668, 674
defense policy and, 572
economic program criticized by, 307
and Grenada invasion, 455, 456
and Iran-Contra affair, 486, 527–530, 534
and Libyan air raids, 518–19
during 1980 campaign, 209–10
and Strategic Defense Initiative, 548
Prime interest rate, 230, 298, 306, 322
Princeton University, 58
Private Sector Initiatives Program, 398
Private Sector Survey on Cost Control, see Grace Commission
Procurement regulations, 340
Productivity
erosion of, 207
increased, 335, 346–48
investment to spur, 476
Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO), 282–83
Prohibition, 33, 53
Property taxes, 191, 207
Proposition 13, 207
Protectionism, 241–42, 355, 356, 382
Japanese, 515
Qaddafi, Muammar al-, 280–82, 290, 444, 474, 496, 511, 514, 515, 517–20, 645, 655, 664, 704
Quayle, Dan, 719, 723
Quayle, Marilyn, 723
Quiet diplomacy
with Cuba, 475
in Middle East, 504
with Soviet Union, 567, 572, 575, 582, 592, 599, 601, 615, 686
Rabin, Yitzhak, 495
Racial bigotry, 105
charges of, 149–50, 220, 221, 401–402
parents’ opposition to, 30, 52
Radio Free Europe, 606, 720
Radio Liberty, 720
Rafsanjani, Hashemi, 529
Ramos, Lieutenant General Fidel, 363
Randall, Gene, 725
Ratushinskaya, Irina, 686–87
Reagan, Ashley (grandchild), 565
Reagan, Cameron (grandchild), 565
Reagan, Colleen (Michael’s wife), 565
Reagan, Doria (Ron’s wife), 322
Reagan, Jack (father), 21–26, 28, 30–34, 36–39, 44, 52–55, 62, 90, 124
alcoholism of, 32–34, 41, 93–94
in California, 87, 92–94
Catholic background of, 22, 31, 94
cigarette smoking by, 53
death of, 94
discrimination opposed by, 30, 52, 402
as federal program administrator in Dixon, 67–69, 101
heart disease of, 31, 71, 93
Irish ancestors of, 373, 374
Roosevelt supported by, 66
Reagan, Maureen (daughter), 92, 155, 378, 460, 534, 564, 565
Reagan, Michael (great-grandfather), 373, 374
Reagan, Michael (son), 92, 155, 564–565
Reagan, Nancy, 7, 131, 132, 315, 385, 395, 396, 443, 449, 452, 490, 497, 532, 559, 571, 610, 611, 656
antidrug campaign of, 437, 503, 702
and assassination attempt, 260–61
in Berlin, 680
birth of children of, 125, 130
and Bitburg cemetery visit, 377–81, 383
and bombing of Marine barracks in Beirut, 453, 459
and British royal family, 274, 287, 387–88
and California governorship, 155, 166–67, 170–73, 176, 184, 191
cancer surgery of, 693–95
at Camp David, 396, 397, 464, 529, 609, 673
and Challenger disaster, 403
in China, 368–71
at D-day anniversary ceremony, 375
daily routine in White House, 249, 250
on election day 1980, 221–22
and “Evil Empire” speech, 570
Feltsman and, 686
at Ford’s Theater, 254, 255
in Foster Grandparents Program, 187, 195, 204
in Geneva, 11, 15, 634, 640
and ghosts in White House, 399–400
Goldwater and, 138, 141, 143
on goodwill missions for Nixon, 186–88
Gorbachevs and, 658, 701
Gromyko and, 605
and gubernatorial campaign, 145–148
as hostess in White House, 389–91
Imelda Marcos and, 365–67<
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at inauguration, 225, 228–29
leaving White House, 719, 721–726
marriage of, 121–24
in Moscow, 705, 709–11
mother’s death, 695–97
and 1968 campaign, 178
at 1976 Republican convention, 202, 203
and 1980 campaign, 214, 219, 221
personnel changes urged by, 533, 536–38
press and, 394
at ranch, 192–95, 245, 275–77, 326, 331, 387, 503, 517, 532, 603
relationship with children during White House years, 564–66
and reelection, 325, 328–31
and Ronald’s cancer surgery, 500–504
Sadats and, 291
stepfather’s final illness and death and, 319, 321, 322
Stockman and, 314
White House redecorated by, 243–244
Reagan, Neil (Moon) (brother), 23, 25, 26, 28, 32, 34–37, 44, 52, 96, 534
birth of, 21
black childhood friend of, 30
broadcasting career of, 72
cancer surgery of, 501
cigarette smoking by, 53
in college, 50, 51, 54, 55, 61, 69–70
Goldwater and, 141
in high school, 38
in Republican Party, 105
Reagan, Nelle Wilson (mother), 20–26, 28–38, 40, 50, 54–55, 58–59, 61, 76, 124, 346, 374
acting talent of, 35
in California, 87, 93–94
death of, 94
discrimination opposed by, 30, 52, 402
and Jack’s drinking, 32–34, 41, 93–94
religion of, 22, 32, 45, 56, 226
Reagan, Patricia Ann (daughter), see Davis, Patti
Reagan, Ron (son), 130, 155, 187, 253, 319, 322, 534, 540, 564, 638, 686, 709
Reagan, Ronald
and Achille Lauro hijacking, 507–9
as anti-Communist in Hollywood, 106–7, 109–15, 118, 119, 121
arms control and, 257–58, 265, 269, 270, 293–97, 299, 353
assassination attempt, 259–64, 271, 275, 396
in Berlin, 680–83
birth of, 21
birth of children of, 125, 130
Bitburg cemetery visited by, 376–384
blacks and, 401–2, 638
and bombing of Libya, 517–20
and bombing of marine barracks in Beirut, 452–53, 458–66
at Camp David, 396–99, 464, 529, 609, 673
cancer surgery of, 499–504
Central America policy of, 238–40, 471–84, 703, 704; See also Iran-Contra affair
and ceremonial aspects of presidency, 387–92
and Challenger disaster, 403–4
childhood of, 23–38
in China, 368–73
in college, 44–60, 64–65
at D-day anniversary ceremony, 374–76
daily routine in White House of, 249–50
and death of Nancy’s mother, 695–697
defense spending under, 234–35, 294, 299, 561, 562, 568–69, 571–72, 574–75
economic crisis during first term of, 342–46
economic program of, 230–34, 256, 265, 279, 284–88, 298, 306–7, 311–25, 332–39, 350, 589–90
at economic summits, 350–56, 373
elected president, 221–22
and “Evil Empire” speech by, 568–571
and Falklands War, 357–60
family background of, 20–23
at Ford’s Theater, 254–55
foreign policy of, 238–40, 265–73, 299–306
at Geneva Summit, 11–16, 633–41
as GE spokesman, 126–31, 137–38, 147, 170, 207
and ghosts in White House, 399–401
Goldwater and, 138–45
on goodwill missions for Nixon, 186–88
as governor of California, 46, 155–176, 178–86, 188–91, 207, 280, 338, 339, 396, 401, 638
and Grenada invasion, 449–57, 459
gubernatorial campaign of, 144–53
and Haig’s resignation, 360–62
in high school, 38–42
horses and, 74–75, 103, 118, 131, 195
inauguration of, 225–29
and Iran-Contra affair, 484–87, 501–2, 504–7, 509–13, 515–17, 520–43
and Iran hostages, 236–37
in Ireland, 373–74
and KAL Flight 007, 582–86
leaving White House, 719, 721–26
Libya and, 280–82, 289–92
management style of, 161–62
marriage to Jane Wyman, 92
marries Nancy, 121–24
and Middle East, 407–48, 461–67, 490–92, 704–5
at Moscow summit, 705–7, 709–16
movie career of, 42–43, 78–97, 102–4, 116–19, 138
and Nancy’s cancer, 693–95
in New York, 252–53
in 1968 presidential election, 176–178
in 1976 presidential election, 195, 200–203
1980 campaign of, 203–4, 206–21
Nixon and, 132–35
O’Neill and, 233, 234, 250–51
and PATCO strike, 282–83
personal enjoyment of presidency by, 385–86
and Philippines crisis, 362–67
postwar political transformation of, 119–20
press and, 393–94
as radio announcer, 59–66, 69–75, 77–78, 80–81, 246–47, 256
at ranch, 192–95, 245, 275–77, 326, 331, 387, 503, 517, 532, 603
reduction of federal government by, 339–42
reelection of, 325–31
registers as Republican, 136
relationship with children during White House years, 564–66
at Reykjavik summit, 675–79
and Screen Actors Guild, 89–90, 103, 107–9, 113, 114, 118, 121–122, 130–31, 171, 282
second-term goals of, 488–89
sense of isolation of, 395–96
Soviet policy of, 548–692, 696–703, 705–21
and space program, 264–65, 404
speeches as president, 246–49
Strategic Defense Initiative begun by, 381, 547–48
Supreme Court appointments of, 279–80, 282, 668
television work of, 125–27, 137–138, 144
Thatcher and, 204
trade policy of, 241–42, 253–55, 273–74, 346, 347, 355–57
and TWA hijacking, 493–99
volunteer programs advocated by, 342, 386
at Washington summit, 684, 697–701
and White House administrative line, 488
during World War II, 96–102, 403
Reagan Doctrine, 552
Reapportionment process, 160–61, 482
Recession, 205, 299, 306–7, 311–25, 475, 487
hardships during, 342–48, 385
international effects of, 351
tax cuts and, 311
Relief programs
administrative costs of, 128
during Great Depression, 67–69, 134
See also Welfare
Red Cross, 496, 497
Regan, Donald, 253, 318, 319, 364, 365, 368, 449, 488, 501, 536–39, 610
and Daniloff affair, 667, 668, 673
and Iran-Contra affair, 510, 528–530, 533, 537, 543
Rehnquist, William, 668, 673
Republic Studios, 78
Republican Party, 261, 327, 391, 483, 510
and Bitburg visit, 379
in California, 144–46, 149–50, 152, 156, 159–61, 184
and Central America policy, 477
defense spending and, 568, 571
economic policy and, 284–86, 313, 315–18, 322, 590
fund raising by, 398–99
in Illinois, 22
National Committee, 565
in 1960 election, 132–35
in 1964 election, 138–40, 144
in 1968 election, 176–78
in 1976 election, 200–203
in 1
980 election, 206, 209–16
in 1982 election, 323
in postwar years, 105
Reagan registers with, 136
Senate majority of, 233
trade policy and, 242, 255
Reykjavik summit, 669, 673–79, 683–685, 687, 689, 698, 721
Rhodes, Jim, 157
Ridgway, General Matthew, 383, 384
RKO, 118
Roberts, William, 145, 151, 200
Rockefeller, David, 239–40
Rockefeller, Nelson, 144, 176–78, 255
Rockne, Knute, 90–92, 94
Rome airport terrorist attack, 511, 514
Romney, George, 176, 177
Rooney, Mickey, 118, 253
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 19, 66–67, 69, 112, 135, 171, 229, 285, 316, 323
farm supports instituted by, 343
Fireside Chats of, 169
Latin America policy of, 239
relief programs instituted by, 134, 185
trade policy of, 242
during World War II, 399
Roosevelt, Franklin, Jr., 67
Roosevelt, James, 112
Rostenkowski, Dan, 286, 287
Rotary Club, 119, 147
Royal Navy, 358, 359
Rubel, Cy, 156
Russian Revolution, 686
Ruth, Babe, 392
Ryan, Fred, 8, 342, 725
Ryan, Genevieve, 725
Ryan, Genny, 725
Sadat, Anwar, 290–92, 409, 414, 417, 419
Sadat, Jehan, 291
St. George’s University Medical School, 450
St. Louis Cardinals, 73
St. Lucia, 450
St. Vincent’s, 450
Sakharov, Andrei, 645, 667
Salata, Stefanie, 8
SALT I agreement, 549, 609, 618
SALT II agreement, 220, 549, 600, 609, 618–22, 661, 665
Salvatori, Henry, 156
SAM missiles, 517
Sandinistas, 299–300, 473, 474, 477, 479–81, 484, 485, 616, 703
Santa Fe Trail, 92
Saratoga (aircraft carrier), 509
Sarkis, Elias, 423
Saudi Arabia, 273, 410–12, 414, 415, 431, 433, 435, 444, 446, 463, 489, 492–93
Savings rate, 322
Scalia, John, 668, 673
Scharansky, Anatoly, 363, 645
Schary, Dore, 112
Schmidt, Helmut, 296, 350, 351
Schreiber, Taft, 126
Schurz, Bernadette, 8
Scobee, Francis, 403
Scott, Zachary, 103
Scowcroft, Brent, 531
Screen Actors Guild, 89–90, 103, 107–9, 113, 114, 118, 121–22, 130–31, 171, 282
Sears, John, 200, 201, 208–11, 213–14
Secret Service, 172–73, 187, 255, 259, 261, 262, 275, 276, 396, 397, 400, 452, 460, 564, 668, 709
Securities and Exchange Commission, 214
Semon, Sheri, 8
Senate, U.S., 132, 536, 666
arms control and, 611
Democratic majority in, 482, 540
economic reform program in, 288, 319, 322
foreign policy and, 483