Ping-Pong Diplomacy
Page 37
see also table tennis
Ping-Pong diplomacy:
and Chinese team, 2, 85, 130, 175–77, 187, 218, 263–64
and Chinese team’s visit to US, 227, 233, 237, 241–46, 247–50, 251–55
and Japan, 74, 75, 174
and Kissinger, 66, 192, 202, 226, 229–31, 233, 234–35
and Mao, 1, 195–96, 202, 237, 263
and Montagu, 2, 65–66, 85, 118–19, 128, 192, 236, 273–74
and Nixon, 1–2, 66, 192, 202, 229–31, 235, 236, 237
and propaganda, 2, 101, 117, 123, 126–28, 131, 176, 192, 237
and Taiwan, 66, 175–76, 234–35, 237, 251–52
and US team, 2, 188–92, 195, 202, 204–6, 208, 210–16, 223, 225–26, 251, 261
and US team’s visit to China, 2, 195–98, 199, 229, 255
and World Championships, 101, 128, 130, 173, 177, 187, 189
and Zhou Enlai, 2, 66, 85, 130, 175–77, 187, 192, 195, 202, 203, 217–28, 227, 234–35, 263
“Pingpongitis,” 8
Pope, W. J., 19–20
Pritzi, Gertrude, 35–36
Prometheus mouse (vole), 15–16, 64
Qian Jiang, 195
Qiu Zhonghui, 109–10, 119, 125, 129, 132, 155–57
Radio Peking, 135
Red Cross, 42, 64
Red Guards, 1, 142–43, 145–47, 148–50, 157, 160
Reisman, Marty, 70–71, 84, 85, 98–99, 100, 181
Resek, Errol, 216, 225, 258
Reynolds, Jack, 213
Rich, John, 206, 213
Roderick, John, 213, 214, 216, 218
Rogers, Bill, 248
Rong Guotuan, 77–78, 116, 130
and Cultural Revolution, 145, 147, 151, 155, 157, 174
death of, 156–57
in Hong Kong, 78, 98, 151
invited to China, 78, 80–82
and World Championships, 83, 84–85, 86, 104, 110, 123, 124, 129, 151, 161, 174
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 27, 48
Russia:
anti-Semitism in, 49
border with China, 166, 169, 172
and espionage, 28–29, 32, 40–41, 43, 158
five-year plans in, 102–3
GRU (intelligence), 40–41, 43
International Brigades, 28
and Japan, 9, 55
Lenin Peace Prize, 92–94
missiles in Cuba, 128
Montagu’s travel to, 15–18, 28, 30, 87, 272
NKVD, 29, 40
propaganda from, 17–18, 27–28
Sino-Soviet split, 94–95, 126–28, 133–34, 150, 166–69, 172, 233, 235
Sino-Soviet talks, 169
Stalin-Hitler pact, 29, 49
table tennis in, 17, 49, 66
US relations with, 167
and Vietnam War, 167, 168
and World War II, 38, 43
Russian Revolution, 9, 11, 33
Saar, John, 213
Samuel, Herbert, 44
Samuel, Montagu, 6–7
San Francisco Peace Treaty (1952), 70
Satoh, Hiroji, 70–71, 99
Scandinavian Open (1970), 186
Service, John Stewart, 201
Seventeen, 207
Shaw, George Bernard, 12, 14
Socialism for Millionaires, 11
Shore, Dinah, 257–58, 261
Sido, Ferenc, 84
Smedley, Alice, 57
Snow, Edgar, 53–59, 127, 195, 213, 267, 272
and Mao, 53–56, 170, 189, 252
Red Star over China, 53, 57–59
Society for Cultural Relations (SCR), 16
Song Zhong, 193–95, 197, 204
Southampton Supporters’ Club, 37
Soviet Russia, see Russia
Spanish civil war, 28–30, 31, 32
Spelman, Doug, 253
sports:
British embrace of, 8
Chinese policy of, 55, 56, 59–60, 61–62, 66, 93, 98, 100, 122, 129–30, 136, 160, 172, 187, 192, 264, 275
Communism spread via, 13, 33–34
drama in, 275
as entertainment, 160–61
myth of natural ability in, 180
and politics, 1–2, 19–20, 23, 33, 56, 61, 63, 90, 113, 122, 192, 275
Russian recruiting system for, 95
Stalin, Joseph, 17, 22, 24, 25, 29, 49, 87–89, 94, 157
Steenhoven, Graham, 233, 252
and Chinese team’s visit to US, 208, 242, 245, 248, 250
and Cunningham, 203–6, 208, 209, 217, 227
and media, 216, 224, 226
and US team’s visit to China, 197–98, 203–6, 209, 212, 214–16, 217, 218, 220, 226, 256
and USTTA, 194, 208, 215
and Zhou Enlai, 194, 195, 220, 221
Stewart, Bob, 16–17
Stilwell, “Vinegar Joe,” 200
Stover, Carl, 241
Strong, Anna Louise, 92
Sues, Ilona, 58
Sun Tzu, 62
Art of War, 101
Swaythling, Lady Gladys Goldsmid, 21, 22, 26, 38, 43, 48, 59
Swaythling, Louis, 2nd Baron, 9, 15, 22
Swaythling, Samuel Montagu, 1st Baron, 6–7
Sweeris, Dell, 245–46
Szabados, 24
table tennis:
All-China meet (1935), 56; (1952), 65
and the brain, 13
and Central European Jews, 47
championships, see World Table Tennis Championships
chiseling, 34–35
disdain for, 20, 68, 180, 181, 204, 213, 251
earning money in, 99–100
51 percent doctrine, 74, 112
international matches, 19–20, 50
media attention to, 199, 204, 206, 207, 210–11, 213–14, 215–16, 217, 226, 231, 234, 236, 242, 246, 251, 264
Montagu’s interest in, see Montagu, Ivor
and Ping-Pong, see Ping-Pong
and politics, 1–2, 13, 19–20, 24, 56, 65–66, 90, 97, 101, 113, 133, 136, 138, 175–76, 186, 192, 211, 218, 219–21, 229–30, 233, 236, 237, 248, 265–72, 273, 275
rise and fall in popularity of, 8, 9, 12, 42, 129–33, 275
rules stretched in, 122, 131, 133, 135, 218, 224, 246, 268
spying in, 42, 113–16
three-ball attack in, 112
US–Chinese games, 217–18, 223–24
Taiwan:
and Asian Table Tennis Union, 175
and Chiang Kai-shek, 59, 63, 242
and ITTF, 66, 194
and Ping-Pong diplomacy, 66, 175–76, 234–35, 237, 242
Two Chinas, 175–76
and United Nations, 201, 234–35, 252
Tanaka, Toshiaki, 136
Tan Cho Lin, 269–70
Tang, Nancy, 228
Tannehill, John:
attracted to Communism, 209, 211, 215, 224
in China, 212, 214–16, 222, 223–24, 225, 258
illness of, 215–16, 217
and media, 215, 216, 225, 261
public image of, 208–9, 227
removed from team, 245
Teachings of the Buddha, 209
Third World, 95, 101, 102, 130, 133, 161
Time, 207
The Today Show (TV), 258
Tomlinson, Alan, 117, 118–19
Toronto Globe and Mail, 215, 216
Toynbee, Philip, 274
Trotsky, Leon, 22, 24–25, 28, 29, 40, 157
Truman, Harry S., 48
Turkey, Montagu’s travel to, 24
Twenty Committee (XX), 39, 43, 50
United Nations (UN):
Chinese membership in, 130, 201, 219, 227, 234–35, 241, 251–52, 264
Chinese team’s visit to, 251–53
and termite theory, 62
United States:
1960s counterculture in, 165, 180
anti-Communism in, 201, 208
Cambodia invaded by, 169
China generation gap in, 200, 201–2, 213, 236–37
Dixie Mission, 200, 213
> and ITTF, 193–94
land of abundance, 244
peace talks with China, 165, 169, 170
relations with China, 167–72, 175–77, 200–202, 203–6, 232–33, 234–37
relations with Soviet Russia, 167
Table Tennis Association (USTTA), 180–82, 194, 208, 215, 241, 258, 271
Team USA, 1, 84, 85, 173, 174, 177, 181–82, 193, 195–98, 199, 204–6, 207–9, 210–16, 217–18, 222–27, 249–50, 251, 252, 253, 255, 258, 261, 271
United States Information Service (USIS), 199, 202
University of Maryland, 248
University of Michigan, 246
USSR, see Russia
Venona, 48, 158
Vietnam, Ping-Pong team of, 171
Vietnam War:
antiwar protests, 165, 169, 195, 215, 231, 242, 250
and domino theory, 62
expansion of, 128, 169, 171, 245, 247, 248–49
guerilla warfare in, 201
and Paris Peace Talks, 211
and Pentagon Papers, 234
Soviets and North Vietnamese in, 167, 168
US extraction from, 211, 234, 249
Vivian, Valentine, 32–33
Voice of America, 213
Walters, Barbara, 258
Washington, DC, Chinese team’s visit to, 249–50
The Water Margin, 96
Webster, Norman, 213, 215, 216
Wells, H. G., 12, 14
Wen Jiabao, 272
Wide World of Sports (TV), 245
Wilmott, A. J., 34
Woodstock festival, 165
Woodward, Bob, 247
World Health Organization (WHO), 64
World Peace Council, 64–66, 158
World Table Tennis Championships:
1927 in London, 20
1929 in Hungary, 22
1936 in Prague, 34
1938 in Wembley, 36
1939 in Cairo, 61
1948 in Wembley, 47–48
1950 in Budapest, 61
1952 in Bombay, 62–63, 70–71, 99
1953 in Bucharest, 72
1954 in Wembley, 72–75
1955 in Utrecht, 75, 101
1956 in Tokyo, 61, 75–76
1959 in Dortmund, 83–86, 110, 118
1961 in Beijing, 85, 90, 93, 96, 117–19, 120–25, 126–28, 129, 146, 193, 211–12, 269
1963 in Prague, 137, 158
1965 in Ljubljana, 130, 133, 137–39
1967 in Stockholm, 147, 153
1969 in Munich, 1, 161
1971 in Nagoya, 1, 173, 176–77, 181–83, 184–87, 263, 264, 269
Corbillon Cup, 156
Swaythling Cup in, 20, 76, 122, 129, 139, 161, 186, 187
World War I, 10, 28, 31, 38–39, 87
World War II, 27, 28, 42, 71
and Britain, 38–40, 43–45, 73
and death camps, 47, 109
and Dixie Mission, 200, 213
and Nuremberg Trials, 48–49
Operation Mincemeat, 39–40, 44–45
X Group, 40–41
Xi Enting, 143, 146, 152, 153, 185
Xinhua News Agency, 244, 255
Xu Shaofa, 213, 269
Xu Yinsheng, 123–24, 137–39, 141, 142, 146, 269
XX Committee, 39, 43, 50
Yan’an, China, Dixie Mission in, 200, 213
Yan Fumin, 66
Young, York, 121–22
Zhenbao/Damansky Island, 166
Zheng Huaiying, 247
Zheng Mingzhi, 151–52, 263–64
Zhongnanhai, China, 135–36
Zhou Enlai:
and Africa, 211
and Cultural Revolution, 140, 146, 148, 149–50, 160, 161, 266
death of, 267
exile in France, 79
and famine, 107, 108
foreign policy of, 130, 133, 168, 195
and Gang of Four, 266
and Great Leap Forward, 91, 93
and Japan, 9, 174–75
and Long March, 87, 139, 272
and Montagu, 64, 66
and Nixon’s visit, 236–37
and Ogimura, 67, 135–36, 173–74
and Pakistani back channel, 170
and Ping-Pong diplomacy, 2, 66, 85, 130, 175–77, 187, 192, 195, 202, 203, 217–18, 227, 234–35, 263
and reciprocity, 237
and recreation, 133
and Russia, 134, 166, 167
and Snow, 54, 252
and table tennis, 56, 57, 58, 59, 92, 95, 101, 107, 120, 124, 125, 126, 132, 135–36, 146, 161, 173, 184–87, 192, 193, 213, 219–21, 229, 231, 233, 237, 243
and Third World, 95, 101, 130, 133
and US connection, 170, 192, 193, 194, 195, 201, 202, 203, 210, 215, 227, 228–33, 234
and Vietnam, 195
Zhuang Jiafu, 101, 113–16, 154–55
Zhuang Xieling, 129
Zhuang Zedong, 138, 174
and arranged victories, 131
and Cowan, 188–92, 261, 271, 272
and Cultural Revolution, 145, 146–47, 154, 157, 158, 159–60, 189–90, 263, 266–67, 269, 270
death of, 272
and Jiang Qing, 150, 160, 265–66, 267, 269
and Ogimura, 136–37
and Ping-Pong diplomacy, 187, 193, 196, 237, 263
rise and fall of, 154, 159–60, 185, 262–63, 265–72, 275
and US visit, 242–43, 245, 248, 249, 252, 253, 254, 262, 268, 271
and World Championships, 116, 123, 124–25, 129, 131, 158, 183, 187
and Zhou Enlai, 160, 187
Zhu De, 56–57, 58, 59, 101, 133, 151, 267, 272
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