39. “King: ‘Can We All Get Along,” ABC News, http://abcnews.go.com/US/video/Rodney-King-16589937.
40. McKinstry, While the World Watched, 280.
CHAPTER 4
1. Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, On Death and Dying (New York: Macmillan, 1969).
2. “Terence Crutcher Was Turning His Life Around before Fatal Tulsa Police Shooting, Family Says,” Chicago Tribune, September 21, 2016, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-tulsa-police-shooting-20160921-story.html.
3. Naomi Martin, “Inmate Death at Orleans Parish Prison First under Federal Oversight,” Times Picayune, March 14, 2014, http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2014/03/inmate_death_at_orleans_parish.html; Richard Webster, “Dying at OPP: A Look at 5 Lawsuits against the New Orleans Jail,” Times Picayune, September 30, 2014, http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2014/09/dying_at_opp_a_look_at_5_lawsu.html.
4. Dean Meminger, “Exclusive: Inmate Died in Prison, Was Buried before His Bronx Family Was Notified,” NY1, May 19, 2016, http://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/criminal-justice/2016/05/19/ny1-exclusive--inmate-buried-upstate-without-bronx-family-being-notified.html.
5. Brendan O’Connor, “Seven Months Later, Still No Answers for Family of Man Who Died by Suicide in Solitary Confinement,” Jezebel, October 17, 2016, http://jezebel.com/seven-months-later-still-no-answers-for-family-of-man-1787820640.
6. Ibid.
7. John Bacon, “Sandra Bland’s Family Settles Wrongful Death Case for $1.9M,” USA Today, September 15, 2016, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2016/09/15/sandra-blands-family-reportedly-settles-wrongful-death-case-19m/90400160/.
8. Margaret E. Noonan and Scott Ginder, “Mortality in Local Jails and State Prisons, 2000–2011—Statistical Tables,” US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, August 2013, NCJ 242186, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/mljsp0011.pdf.
9. Margaret Noonan, Harley Rohloff, and Scott Ginder, “Mortality in Local Jails and State Prisons, 2000–2013—Statistical Tables,” Bureau of Justice Statistics, August 2015, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/mljsp0013st.pdf.
10. Andrea M. Burch, “Arrest-Related Deaths, 2003–2009: Statistical Tables,” US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, November 2011, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ard0309st.pdf.
11. Mark Puente, “Justice Department to Probe Allegations of Police Misconduct in Baltimore,” Baltimore Sun, October 3, 2014, http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2014-10-03/news/bs-md-justice-investigation-20141003_1_police-misconduct-justice-department-baltimore-sun.
12. Ezra Klein, “Since 2011, Baltimore Has Lost or Settled More Than 100 Cases Related to Police Brutality,” Vox, April 28, 2015, https://www.vox.com/2015/4/28/8508125/baltimore-police-brutality.
13. Keith L. Alexander, “Baltimore Reaches 6.4 Million Settlement with Freddie Gray’s Family,” Washington Post, September 8, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/baltimore-reaches-64-million-settlement-with-freddie-grays-family/2015/09/08/80b2c092-5196-11e5-8c19-0b6825aa4a3a_story.html?utm_term=.c7517e31dddb.
14. Carolyn Sung and Catherine E. Sholchet, “Freddie Gray Case: Charges Dropped against Remaining Officers,” July 27, 2016, http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/us/freddie-gray-verdict-baltimore-officers/index.html.
15. Colleen Curry and Luis Martinez, “Ferguson Police’s Show of Force Highlights Militarization of America’s Cops,” August 14, 2014, http://abcnews.go.com/US/ferguson-police-small-army-thousands-police-departments/story?id=24977299.
16. “Shooting of Walter Scott,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Walter_Scott.
17. Brian A. Reaves, “Local Police Departments, 2013: Personnel, Policies, and Practices,” US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, May 2015, NCJ 248677, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/lpd13ppp.pdf.
18. Urbana Police Department, “Serious Uses of Force and In-Custody Deaths,” Urbana PD Policy Manual, http://www.urbanaillinois.us/sites/default/files/attachments/305_Serious_Uses_of_Force_and_In-Custody_Deaths_0.pdf.
19. Tony Rogers, “Covering the Cops: Reporting on One of Journalism’s Most Exciting and Stressful Beats,” ThoughtCo, April 24, 2017, https://www.thoughtco.com/covering-the-cops-2073873.
20. “Walter Scott Shooting: Michael Slager Testifies He Felt Total Fear,” Crimesider, CBS News, November 29, 2016, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/walter-scott-shooting-michael-slager-testifies-he-felt-total-fear/.
21. Disability Rights California, The Lethal Hazard of Prone Restraint: Positional Asphyxiation, April 2002, Publication #7018.01, http://www.disabilityrightsca.org/pubs/701801.pdf.
22. Bill Whitaker, “Officer Betty Shelby on Terence Crutcher,” 60 Minutes, April 2, 2017, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/terence-crutcher-unarmed-black-man-shooting-60-minutes-2/.
CHAPTER 5
1. See the Albert Ellis Institute website at http://albertellis.org/.
2. Gerald Corey, Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy, second edition (Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1982), 170–83.
3. F. Brinley Bruton, Alexander Smith, Elizabeth Chuck, and Phil Helsel, “Dallas Police ‘Ambush’: 12 Officers Shot, 5 Killed during Protest,” NBC News, July 8, 2016, http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/dallas-police-ambush/protests-spawn-cities-across-u-s-over-police-shootings-black-n605686.
4. Jennifer Rowland, “Four Officers Acquitted in King Beating, Riots Break Out,” UPI, April 29, 1992, http://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/04/29/Four-officers-acquitted-in-King-beating-riots-break-out/3290195933043/.
5. The L.A. Riots 25 Years Later, History, http://www.history.com/specials/the-l-a-riots-25-years-later.
6. “Los Angeles Riots Fast Facts,” CNN, http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/18/us/los-angeles-riots-fast-facts/index.html.
7. Eric Nicholson, “Several Local Police Departments Are Banning Tasers as Evidence Mounts They Kill People,” Dallas Observer, September 23, 2013.
8. Dennis K. McBride and Natalie B. Tedder, Efficacy and Safety of Electrical Stun Devices (Washington, DC: Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, 2005).
9. “Man Dies after Traffic Stop Involving Taser,” Chattanooga Times Free Press, June 28, 2008.
10. Michael Cass, “19 Stuns from Tasers Not Excessive in Patrick Lee’s Death, Jury Says,” Tennessean, May 19, 2009.
11. Scott R. Maier, “A Cross-Market Assessment of Newspaper Error and Credibility,” Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 82 (2005): 533–51.
12. Brenna R. Kelly, “Man Dies after Brawl with City Police Officers,” Cincinnati Enquirer, December 1, 2003.
13. “Coroner Rules Cincinnati Death a Homicide,” CNN.com, December 3, 2003, http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/Midwest/12/03/died.in.custody/index.html?iref=newssearch.
14. Mike O’Neal, “Chief Pledges Death Probe to Be Open,” Chattanooga Times Free Press, January 4, 2004.
15. Martin Robbins, “How Dangerous Is Pepper Spray?” Guardian, November 22, 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/world/the-lay-scientist/2011/nov/22/how-dangerous-is-pepper-spray.
16. Duane W. Gang, “Wallace Declines Top Police Post,” Chattanooga Times Free Press, January 21, 2004.
17. Duane W. Gang, “Council Confirms Parks’ Nomination as Police Chief,” Chattanooga Times Free Press, February 4, 2004.
18. Candice Combs, “Police Train for Violence: Academy Conditions Officers to Make Life-Saving Choices,” Chattanooga Times Free Press, February 2, 2004.
19. “Man Dies while Being Taken into Custody,” Chattanooga Times Free Press, January 3, 2004.
20. John Phillips, “Is Silence Really Golden during a Traffic Stop?” Car and Driver, July 2008, http://www.caranddriver.com/columns/is-silence-really-golden-during-a-traffic-stop.
21. Jessica King and AnneClaire Stapleton, “Charlotte Police Kill Ex-FAMU Player Who May Have Been Running to Them for Help,” September 16, 2013, http://www.cnn.com/2013/09/15/jus
tice/north-carolina-police-shooting/index.html.
22. Manny Fernandez and Matthew Haag, “Police Officer Who Shot 15-Year-Old Texas Boy Is Charged with Murder,” New York Times, May 5, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/05/us/roy-oliver-charged-murder-dallas-police-shooting-jordan-edwards.html.
23. Thomas H. Holmes and Richard H. Rahe, “The Social Readjustment Rating Scale,” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 11, no. 2 (1967): 213–18.
24. Jaweed Kaleem, “Michael Slager, Officer Who Fatally Shot Walter Scott in South Carolina, Pleads Guilty in Federal Case,” Los Angeles Times, May 2, 2017, http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-michael-slager-walter-scott-2017-story.html.
CHAPTER 6
1. “Chattanooga Police Department,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattanooga_Police_Department.
2. Courtney Howard, “Date Rape, Distracted Driving and Other Potential Prom Night Dangers,” Sovereign Health, 06-18, https://www.sovteens.com/addiction/date-rape-distracted-driving-other-potential-prom-night-dangers/.
3. Dennis Cauchon, “D.A.R.E. Doesn’t Work: Studies Find Drug Program Not Effective,” USA Today, October 11, 1993.
4. Steven Hawkins, “Education vs. Incarceration,” American Prospect, December 6, 2010.
5. Michael J. Klarman, From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004).
6. April V. Taylor, “More Black People Killed by Police Than Were Lynched during Jim Crow,” San Francisco Bay View, October 5, 2014.
7. Malcolm Gladwell, David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants (New York: Little, Brown, 2013).
8. Rebecca D. O’Brien, Michael H. Saul, and Pervaiz Shallwani, “New York City Officer Won’t Face Criminal Charges in Eric Garner Death,” Wall Street Journal, December 4, 2014.
9. Mark Zaretsky, “Emma Jones Relives ’97 East Haven Police Shooting of Son, Malik in Ferguson Case,” New Haven Register, August 8, 2014.
10. See http://stolenlives.org/.
11. Alan Feuer, “Ex-Officer Convicted in Choking Death Is to Leave Prison,” New York Times, April 15, 2005.
12. See National Lawyers Guild, https://www.nlg.org/.
13. See October 22 Coalition, http://www.october22.org/.
14. National Lawyers Guild, Anthony Baez Foundation, October 22 Coalition, Stolen Lives: Killed by Law Enforcement, second edition (New York: October 22 Coalition, 1999).
15. “Gaynor Found Not Guilty in Henderson Shooting,” Chattanoogan, April 27, 2005, http://www.chattanoogan.com/2005/4/27/66066/Gaynor-Found-Not-Guilty-In-Henderson.aspx.
16. “Black Lives Matter,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter.
17. “Johnnie Cochran,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnnie_Cochran.
18. Bergstein and Ulrich, LLP, “Monell, Monell, Monell,” Wait a Second! (blog), November 1, 2007, http://secondcircuitcivilrights.blogspot.com/2007/11/monell-monell-monell.html.
19. Larry McShane, “Freddie Gray’s Family Has Reached 6.4M Settlement: Report,” New York Daily News, September 9, 2015.
20. Richard Fausset, “Walter Scott Family Reaches a $6.5 Million Settlement for South Carolina Police Shooting Case,” New York Times, October 8, 2015.
21. Marek v. Chesny, 473 US 1 (1985), http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/473/1.html.
22. “Injunctive Relief,” Legal Dictionary, https://legaldictionary.net/injunctive-relief/.
23. “Chattanooga Police Officer Resigns after He Is Caught Shoplifting from Wal-Mart,” Chattanooga Times Free Press, January 30, 2016, http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/local/story/2016/jan/30/chattanoogpolice-officer-resigns-after-he-cau/347472/.
CHAPTER 7
1. Lezley McSpadden and Lyah B. LeFlore, Tell the Truth and Shame the Devil: The Life, Legacy, and Love of My Son Michael Brown (New York: Reban Arts, 2016).
2. “Cape Couple’s Son Dies in Tennessee in Police Custody,” Southeast Missourian, February 18, 2004.
3. Neil Nagraj, “Senator’s Daughter Carjacked in Washington, D.C.,” Daily News, December 3, 2009, http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/tennessee-senator-bob-corker-daughter-carjacked-washington-suspects-custody-article-1.432070.
4. See http://stolenlives.org/.
5. Frank Harris III, “In East Haven, Echoes of ’97 Police Shooting,” Hartford Courant, February 2, 2012.
6. Joe L. Kincheloe, Shirley R. Steinberg, Nelson M. Rodriguez, and Ronald E. Chennault, White Reign: Deploying Whiteness in America (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998).
7. Emily Zulz, “A Local Form of Terrorism,” Daily Eastern News, February 27, 2008, 1.
8. “Five Alabama Cops Fired for Taped Beating,” May 21, 2009, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/5-alabama-cops-fired-for-taped-beating/.
9. See http://www.pomc.com/.
10. Victoria Bekiempis, “Nearly 1 in 5 Americans Suffers from Mental Illness Each Year,” Newsweek, February 28, 2014.
11. Mark Bliss, “Pain in Our Eyes,” Southeast Missourian, front page, 5a, November 30, 2016, http://www.semissourian.com/story/2364444.html.
CHAPTER 8
1. K. M. Blum, “Making Out the Monell Claim under Section 1983,” Touro Law Review 25, no. 3 (2012); Bergstein and Ulrich, LLP, “Monell, Monell, Monell,” Wait a Second! (blog), November 1, 2007, http://secondcircuitcivilrights.blogspot.com/2007/11/monell-monell-monell.html.
2. Pete Edwards, “The Brandon Miller Shooting,” People News, March 2004, http://www.thepeoplenews.com/march04/.
3. Pete Edwards, “Grand Jury Scandal,” People News, http://www.thepeoplenews.com/june04.
4. T. J. Greaney, “Cape Native’s Death Questioned,” Southeast Missourian, November 28, 2006.
5. William Norman Grigg, “Death Squad in Delaware: The Case of the Murdered Marine,” Tennessee Tribune, December 4–10, 2008.
6. “Delaware Settles Fatal Police Shooting for 875K,” Claims Journal, December 15, 2010.
7. Marcia Riley, “Another Senseless Murder in a Texas Jail,” Tennessee Tribune, December 4–10, 2008.
8. Danny Gallagher, “Dead Inmate Combative with Officers: Rangers Report Says,” McKinney Courier-Gazette, February 20, 2008.
9. Tiara M. Ellis, “Jail Inmate on Suicide Watch Dies after Being Restrained,” Dallas Morning News, July 3, 2007.
10. Noreen Hyslop, “Jury Awards $1M in ’08 Shooting,” Southeast Missourian, August 19, 2012.
11. Holly Brantley, “Officer Charged with Involuntary Manslaughter,” KFVS News, February 27, 2008, http://www.kfvs12.com/story/7932479/officer-charged-with-involuntary-manslaughter.
12. Al Jones, “Family of Pace U. Football Player Killed by Police Files Civil Rights Suit,” CBS New York, April 20, 2011, http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2011/04/20/family-of-danroy-henry-pace-university-football-player-killed-by-police-filing-civil-rights-lawsuit/.
13. “The Negro Family: The Case for National Action,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Negro_Family:_The_Case_For_National_Action.
14. Ray Rivera and Trymaine Lee, “Many Questions on Killing of Pace Student by Police,” New York Times, October 18, 2010.
15. Ashley Southall, “No Charges for Officer Who Killed Pace University Student in 2010,” New York Times, April 7, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/08/nyregion/no-charges-for-officer-who-killed-pace-university-student-in-2010.html.
16. “Brutality Claim in D. J. Henry Case,” ESPN, October 20, 2010.
17. Lisa W. Foderaro, “$6 million Settlement over Police Shooting of Danroy Henry,” New York Times, March 14, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/15/nyregion/6-million-settlement-over-police-shooting-of-danroy-henry.html.
18. Marie Rohde, “Slain Man’s Mom Must Pay Legal Fees,” Journal Sentinel, October 6, 2008, http://archive.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/32467209.html/.
20. Aamer Madhani, “No Charges for Milwaukee Officer Who Shot Man 14 Times,” USA Today, December 22, 2014.
21. Justin Fenton, “Judge Affirms Baltimore Officers’ Use of Lethal Force on Mentally Ill Man,” Baltimore Sun, July 28, 2015.
22. “The Murder of Maurice Donald Johnson by Baltimore Police: Mother Marcella Holloman Speaks,” YouTube, posted September 3, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOqOMDtuOhU.
23. Valerie Bell, “Why I Am Marching on Mother’s Day for My Son,” The Blog, Huffington Post, May 6, 2016.
24. See https://justice4alanblueford.org/tag/the-alan-blueford-center-for-justice/.
25. “Collette Flanagan Speaks about Her Son’s Murder by Dallas Police,” Dallas Weekly, September 24, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNnV_Oqn0TM.
26. Megan Cassidy, “Family of Man Killed by Phoenix Police: Don’t Focus on Race,” AZCentral, December 4, 2014, http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/phoenix/2014/12/05/family-man-killed-phoenix-police-focus-race/19934383/.
27. Crimesider Staff, “Hadiya Pendleton Murder: Teen Girl Who Performed at President Obama’s Inauguration Fatally Shot at Chicago Park, Report Says,” CBS News, January 30, 2013, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hadiya-pendleton-murder-teen-girl-who-performed-at-president-obamas-inauguration-fatally-shot-at-chicago-park-report-says/.
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