Facts and Fears
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NCPC. See National Counterproliferation Center (NCPC)
NCSC. See National Counterintelligence and Security Center (NCSC)
NCTC. See National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC)
Negroponte, John, 107, 115, 147
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 299–300, 359
New START, 148
New York Times, 89, 241, 271–72, 347, 380, 392
New Zealand, 236, 255
Five Eyes meetings, 78, 255, 308–9
NGA. See National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
NIMA (National Imagery and Mapping Agency). See National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
9/11 Commission, 101–3
9/11 terrorist attacks, 91–94
Nixon, Richard, 315
no-fly zones, 83
Norman, Greg, 358
North Korea, 33–34, 165, 266
accidental foray into, 46–48
Clapper’s visit as DNI and personal assessment of, 48–50
nuclear deterrence and, 49–50
nuclear tests of, 111, 201, 270
releases American prisoners, 270–82
siege mentality of, 49
Sony Pictures hacked by, 283–84
as stuck in 1953 warfare paradigm, 44–45
Track II dialogue with, 51
Trump and, 50–51
tunnels built under Demilitarized Zone by, 45
Norway, 256
NRO. See National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)
NSA. See National Security Agency (NSA)
NSA Advisory Board, 86
NSC. See National Security Council (NSC)
Nunes, Devin, 359–60, 380
Nuremberg American High School, 14
Obama, Barack, 160, 187, 282, 299, 313, 327, 362
Benghazi and, 171
bin Laden raid and, 152–56
Clapper interviewed for DNI position, 129–30
on Clapper’s answer to Wyden, 251–52
Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, repeal of, 124
election of, 120
failure to call out Russian interference, 2, 351
Intelligence Community assessment of Russian influence operation and, 3–4, 361–62, 366–69, 372–77
Intelligence Community hires of, 120–22
on Islamic State’s seizure of territory, 269
Libya and, 163–64
ODNI tenth-anniversary celebration speech of, 147, 290–91
orders sanctions and expulsions as response to Russian interference, 365–66
presents Intelligence Community review and IC changes to nation, 243–46
reelection of, 178–79
on refusal to use phrase “radical Islam,” 336–37
Snowden leaks and, 229–30, 237–38
Syrian use of chemical weapons and, 239
Occupy Wall Street movement, 316
Oeth, Ray, 46
Office of Personnel Management, 295–98
Office of Special Investigations (OSI), 84
Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). See director of national intelligence (DNI)
O’Lear, Rich, 37, 43
Olsen, Matt, 168, 170, 179, 180, 320
Oman, 159
Operation Enduring Freedom, 95
Operation Paul Bunyan, 33–34, 48
Operation Uphold Democracy, 77
OSI. See Office of Special Investigations (OSI)
O’Sullivan, Stephanie, 70, 134, 149, 192, 194, 195–96, 204, 294, 302, 381–82
Panetta, Leon, 170
Blair and, 126–27
as CIA head, 121
Clapper and, 133–34, 145
“Paradox of Progress” (Global Trends Report), 377–78
Paris Peace Accords, 32, 75
Paris terrorist attacks, 305
Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963, 42
Patriota, Antonio, 256, 257
Patriot Act Section 215, 208–10, 212, 233, 234, 265
Patton, George, 52, 72–73, 152, 398
Patton (film), 52
PC. See Principals Committee (PC)
PDB. See President’s Daily Brief (PDB)
peace dividend, 72–73, 87, 137, 182
Pence, Mike, 374–75
perestroika (restructuring), 52–53
Perry, Bill, 74
Petraeus, David, 172–73, 175, 195–96
Petrone, Linda, 69, 115–16
Pfautz, Jim, 37, 38, 40–42
Phillips, Sam, 31–33
phishing, 285–86
Pickering, Thomas, 177
Pilger, John, 354
Pillar, Paul, 177–78
Pistole, John, 123
Playing to the Edge (Hayden), 104
Podesta, John, 352
Poe, Ted, 243
Pogo (comic strip), 331
Poitras, Laura, 220–21, 226–27
Poland, 55
Pompeo, Mike, 220, 374
Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, 86
Powell, Colin, 58, 66, 97, 172
Powell, Hannah, 111, 114
Power, Samantha, 143
Powers, Gary, 25–26
POW/MIA resolution, 75–76
presidential election of 2012, 315–16
presidential election of 2016, 1–4, 318–56
Access Hollywood tape of Trump and, 352, 353, 354
campaign rhetoric of Trump, 328–30, 332–33, 334, 335, 342, 344, 346, 353
Clapper’s “It’ll be okay” address to Intelligence Community, 347–48
Clapper’s personal belief that Russian efforts swung election to Trump, 395–96
Clinton announces candidacy, 318
Clinton’s “basket of deplorables” comment and, 351
Clinton’s stumbling from pneumonia and, 350–51
Comey investigation into Clinton emails and, 338–40
early primaries, 333
FBI finds Clinton emails on Abedin’s laptop and, 354–55
Flynn and, 330–32, 333
Homeland Security/ODNI joint statement on Russian activities, 351–52
IC assessment of Russian interference, 3–4, 361–62, 366–69, 372–77
intelligence briefings for candidates, 344–46
Obama declines to publicly address Russian interference in, 2, 351
Obama requests single intelligence report on Russian interference with, 362
parallelism of Trump campaign allegations and Russian amplification of claims, 349, 396
party nominations clinched by Clinton and Trump, 338
Podesta’s hacked emails released by WikiLeaks and, 352, 353
preelection intelligence warnings about Russian meddling in, 325, 334–35
presidential debates, 353, 354
Russian influence and hacking operations and, 2–4, 318–20, 321–22, 323–25, 333, 334, 340–56 passim
Trump announces candidacy, 328–29
Trump campaign rewrites party platform, 340–41
Trump elected, 1–2, 357
Trump’s statements about Putin, 332–33, 343
WikiLeaks dumps hacked DNC emails online, 342
President’s Daily Brief (PDB), 117–18, 141–42, 146–48, 345, 358
Priebus, Reince, 374, 376
Priest, Dana, 136–37
Principals Committee (PC), 142–44
PRISM, 224–25
privacy, 81–82, 124, 212–13, 306–7
Pulse nightclub shooting, 336
Putin, Vladimir, 2, 268, 312
annexation of Crimea and, 58, 260–61, 307–8
reelection as president, 2012, 314<
br />
Snowden granted temporary asylum by, 234, 235
US presidential elections, influence and hacking operations in, 318, 349, 350, 351–52, 354, 375, 395
Quayle, Dan, 53
race relations, 1970s, 32
racial discrimination in military, prohibition of (Executive Order 9981), 32
racial tensions, at DIA, 70–71
Radio Free Europe, 316
Radio Sputnik, 321, 322, 323, 325, 334, 366–67
Rambo: First Blood Part II (film), 75
Rangel, Robert, 129
Rasmussen, Nick, 376
Reagan, Ronald, 315
Executive Order 12333 and, 118
Korean Air Lines Flight 007 downing and, 40
Reconnaissance General Bureau (RGB), North Korea, 275, 283
regime change, 317–18
Register, 307
Reid, Harry, 140, 345
Reimer, Denny, 110
Resolute, HMS, 130
Reston, James, 314–15
Rice, Susan, 143–44, 173–74, 175, 179, 258, 270, 272, 282, 361, 388–89
Rich, Seth, 340
Roberts, Pat, 148
Rodman, Dennis, 271
Rodriguez, Mike, 46
Rogers, Mike (NSA director), 135, 284, 296, 361, 362, 372–74, 380, 387
Rogers, Mike (US representative), 187–88
Rohan, Pat, 142
Romania, 55
Romney, Mitt, 174, 327
Rosenstein, Rod, 372–73
Roth, Mark, 36, 262
Roule, Norm, 147–48
Rousseff, Dilma, 256
Rove, Karl, 288
RT (Russia Today), 3, 267
US presidential election of 2012 and, 315–16
US presidential election of 2016 and, 318–20, 321, 322, 323–25, 333, 334, 340, 347, 351, 354, 366–67
Ruemmler, Kathy, 196
Rumsfeld, Donald, 103, 107
Clapper and, 90–91
DNI establishment and, 104–5, 106
relieves Clapper as NGA director, 109
Ruppersberger, Dutch, 187–88
Russia, 79
annexation of Crimea by, 58, 260–61, 307–8
cruise missile tests in violation of INF Treaty of, 397
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 shot down by, 266–68
Obama’s response to election interference of, 365–66
parliamentary elections, 2011, 312–14
as primary existential threat to US, 399–400
Snowden granted temporary asylum in, 235
social media use by, 260, 266, 267–68, 303, 321
Syria and, 304
Ukraine and, 259–61, 266, 303
US presidential election of 2016, influence and hacking operations in, 2–4, 318–20, 321–22, 323–25, 333, 334, 340–56 passim
worldwide threat assessment of 2016 and, 307–8
See also Soviet Union
Rutherford, Ernest, 192
Ryan, Paul, 350
Sampson, Rita, 302
San Bernardino terrorist attack, 305–6
Sanders, Bernie, 333, 342, 343
Sanders, Sarah, 392–93
Sanger, Mark, 271–72
Sapp, Betty, 70, 204, 302
Sarkozy, Nicolas, 164
satellites
Corona program and, 26–27
NIMA and, 88, 89–90
NRO’s loss of, 122
Sputnik, 26
Saudi Arabia, 57, 159
Sawyer, Diane, 148–49
Scarborough, Joe, 332–33
Schiff, Adam, 359–60, 380
Schroeder, Gerhard, 332
Schultz, Debbie Wasserman, 342, 380–81
Schwalier, Terry, 85, 398
Schwarzkopf, Norman, 58, 59, 62
Sciutto, Jim, 296–97
SEAL Team Six, 156
secretary of defense
director of national intelligence (DNI), improving working relationship with, 115–16
Gates as, 111, 120–21
Sedol, Lee, 309–10
Senate. See Congress/congressional committees
Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, 76
Sensenbrenner, James, 243
sequestration, 193, 196–97, 201, 202–3, 205–6, 210–11, 213, 242
Sessions, Jeff, 372–73
“The Seven Impossible Demands Policymakers Place on Intelligence” (Inboden), 261
Shea, Stu, 100
Shedd, David, 118
Shelby, Richard, 69
Sherline, Stephanie, 209, 291, 380, 381
Sherman, Wendy, 272
Sierra Leone, 266
signals intelligence (SIGINT), 26–27
Clapper attends Signals Intelligence Officers Course, 18–20
EC-47 signals intelligence planes and, 28
FLR-9 antenna arrays, 25
high-frequency Morse code and, 25
integration of, 382
Korean Air Lines Flight 007 downing and, 39–41
Russian overflights halted after Powers’s U-2 shot down, 25–26
scope and manpower-intensive nature of, in late 1950s, 25
SR-71 Blackbird collection of, 25
in Vietnam War, 21–24
60 Minutes (TV show), 101
Skipalski, Major General, 80
Smith, Bob, 76
Smith, Sean, 169
Snowden, Edward, 2–3, 81, 214–15, 220–21, 240, 241, 246
flight from Hong Kong, 234–35
Justice Department charges against, 231
requests and is granted temporary asylum in Russia, 235
video interview explaining motivations of, 226–27
work history and access to classified materials of, 227–29
Snowden leaks, 214–15, 220–38
Boundless Informant and, 225–26
Guardian and other media outlet stories and videos, 221, 224–27, 230–31, 235, 240–41
Intelligence Community, effect on, 232–33, 236, 242–43
Intelligence Community transparency in response to, 236–38
metadata storage program and, 221–24, 234
Obama briefed on, 229–30
PRISM and, 224–25
programs damaged and lost as result of, 241–42
repairing and restoring international relationships after, 254–58
Snowden’s conflicting rationales for, 240, 241
Somalia, 73–74
Sony Pictures, 283–84
South China Morning Post, 230–31
South Korea, 33–34
Souza, Pete, 154, 282
Soviet Military Power, 67
Soviet Union, 33
Gorbachev’s reforms and, 52–53
historical meddling in US elections of, 314–15
Korean Air Lines Flight 007 shot down by, 39–41
Sputnik, 26
See also Russia
spear phishing, 285–86
Spicer, Sean, 374, 384
Der Spiegel, 235, 257–58
Spies Like Us (film), 229
Sputnik, 26
SR-71 Blackbird, 25
SRA International, 86
Stapleton, Carl, 27–28, 31
Stasi, 80–82, 124, 131, 257–58, 285, 380
Stein, Jill, 356
Stephanopoulos, George, 342, 344
Stevens, Chris, 166–67, 168, 169, 170, 180–81, 320
Stevenson, Adlai, 314–15, 345
Stewart, Vince, 302
Stress Test (Geithner), 183
Sudan, 159
Suleiman, Omar, 161
Sullivan, Dan, 370–71
survival training, 28–29
Syria
chemical weapons used by, 238–39
civil war in, 167–68, 303–4
Russian intervention in, 304
2014 Worldwide Threat Assessment on, 253
Syrian migrant crisis, 304–5
Taliban, 93
Taloni, Paul, 308–9
Tapper, Jake, 251, 394
Tarasiuk, Al, 193, 194
Tea Party Republicans, 187, 190, 288
telephone records collection. See metadata storage program (telephone records collection)
Tenet, George, 82, 97, 99
terrorism
Boston Marathon bombing, 211–12
Charlie Hebdo attack, 286–87
defined, 180
Fort Hood shooting, 123–24
Khobar Towers bombing and investigation, 83–86
9/11 terrorist attacks, 91–94
Paris attacks, 305
Pulse nightclub shooting, 336
San Bernardino attack, 305–6
2015 Worldwide Threat Assessment and, 286–87
underwear bomber, 127
Thomas, Michael, 117, 238
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, 54–55
Time, 362, 392
TNT. See Tunnel Neutralization Team (TNT)
Todd, Chuck, 323, 386–87, 397
Todd, Mark, 123
“Top Secret America” (Priest and Arkin), 136–37
Track II dialogue, 51
transgender troops, in military, 301–2
travel ban, 385–86
Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), 183
Trudeau, Justin, 305
Truman, Harry, 9, 345
Trump, Donald, 1–2, 325–30, 332–34
announces candidacy, 328–29
background of, 325–26
base of voters courted by, 326–27
birther theory promoted by, 153, 326, 327
briefed on IC assessment of Russian interference and Russian “dossier,” 373–77
Comey fired by, 392–93
delegitimizes Intelligence Community, 362, 379–80
Flynn fired by, 386, 391
inauguration of, 384
North Korea and, 50–51
on Russian interference, 362, 365, 367
travel ban, 385–86
visits CIA headquarters, 384
wiretapping allegation of, 386–87
Yates fired by, 388
See also presidential election of 2016
Tsarnaev, Dzhokhar, 211
Tsarnaev, Tamerlan, 211
Tunisia, 157, 158–59
Tunnel Neutralization Team (TNT), 45–46
Turnbull, Malcolm, 358
Turner, Kathleen, 133, 134
Turner, Shawn, 223–24, 238
Twitter, 395
U-2 spy plane piloted by Powers, downing of, 25–26