Years of Upheaval
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first meeting of, with HAK (December 1973), 782–785, 786
and Ma’alot crisis, 1077, 1082
negotiating style of, 781–782
Newsweek interview with, 1133
and Nixon’s visit to Syria (June 1974), 1131–1135
and Palestinians in Syria, 1090, 1098, 1103, 1104
opposition of, to Sadat, 848, 849
AND SYRIAN-ISRAELI DISENGAGEMENT NEGOTIATIONS, 780, 783–784, 849, 964–965, 1043, 1044, 1047, 1076, 1090, 1093–1094
domestic opposition to, 936, 1068
meetings with HAK, 1073, (January 1974) 849–850, 937–939, (February 1974) 954–957, 958, (March 1974) 970–973, (May 1974) 1059–1060, 1066–1068, 1074, 1075, 1082–1084, 1087–1088, 1089, 1096, 1097–1099, 1102, 1104–1105
views on procedure for, 945, 956, 957
views on Soviet participation in, 944–945, 953, 956, 1033–1034, 1035–1036
Ash, Roy, 103
Associated Press (AP), 820n, 1086n
HAK speech to, April 23, 1973 (Year of Europe), 100–101, 151n, 152–155, 161, 870
assured destruction. See mutual assured destruction
Aswan Dam, 810
Aswan High Dam, 810–811, 812
Atherton, Alfred L. (Roy), Jr., 225, 831n, 970, 1049, 1206
and Middle East war, 458
predicts oil embargo, 871
Atlantic Alliance, 5, 132, 140, 160, 164, 730
see also Europe; NATO
Atlantic Charter, 157
Atlantic Declaration, 173, 175, 178, 185, 192–193, 194, 700, 734, 933, 934, 1092, 1161
DRAFTS OF, 164, 174, 181
British, 192
Dutch, 187
European Community, 188–189, 703–704, 706
French, 705–706, 707
NATO, 714
US, 183, 184, 187, 192
West German, 186
Australia, 556
Austria. See Salzburg
authoritarian governments, 312, 313
Aylwin, Patricio, 402
B-l bomber, 261, 265, 273, 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004
B-52 bomber, 265, 273, 1001, 1004
B-70 bomber, 1001
Baath Party, Syria, 779–780
Bab el-Mandeb, 615, 618, 619, 642, 651, 652, 653
Bahr, Egon, 145, 146–148, 185, 286
Baker, Howard, 115
balance of power, 50, 53, 55, 168, 169, 238
Ball, George W., 372, 438
Baltimore Sun, 195, 1125
Bangladesh, 676
Bar-On, Aryeh, 831n
Barrages, the, Cairo, 767
“Basic Principles of US-Soviet Relations” (1972), 285
Begin, Menachem, 936, 946, 1038n
Beirut, Lebanon, 787
Belgium, 903n
see also Benelux countries; Brussels
Benelux countries, 731
Benites, Leopoldo, 489
Berger, Marilyn, 820n, 1065, 1086n
Bergsten, C. Fred, 863, 864
Berlin, Isaiah, 646
Berlin, Germany, 723
crisis, 138
Berlin Wall, 144
Bevin, Ernest, 154
Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 676, 677, 683
Big Four, 179, 181, 722–723
see also Britain; France; Germany, Federal Republic of
Binh, Madame Nguyen Thi, 311
Bismarck, Otto von, 173, 476
“Black September,” 503, 625
Black September terrorists, 223
Bolivia, 376
Borchgrave, Arnaud de, 224, 225, 461, 633–634, 1133
Boston Globe, 820n, 1086n, 1114
Boumedienne, Houari, 469, 494, 629, 761, 776, 941
and Arab oil embargo, 884, 893, 894, 945, 946
and Geneva Middle East Peace Conference, 765, 791
and Ma’alot crisis, 1077
and Syrian disengagement negotiations, 1050–1051, 1061, 1066, 1089
MEETINGS OF, WITH HAK: December 1973, 762–766
April 1974, 1050–1051
Bourguiba, Habib, HAK’s meeting with, 631, 632
Bouteflika, Abdelaziz, 761, 766, 793
Brandt, Willy, 142, 143–145, 174, 221, 286, 704, 719, 734, 901n, 931, 932
eroding domestic position of, 700–701, 733, 909
and HAK’s visit to Germany (March 1974), 928–929, 933
and Middle East war, 715
visits Moscow, 136
Ostpolitik of, 57, 145–146, 147, 156, 731, 732
visits Poland, 144
visits US (May 1973), 123, 153–159
and Year of Europe, 185, 190, 731
Brazil, 392, 408
Brennan, Peter J., 311
Brezhnev, Leonid, 25, 173, 280, 461, 469, 606, 940
and Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War, 268, 269, 274, 275, 276, 278–279, 282–285
and China, 294–295, 1173
and détente, 242–243, 1160
statement of, to Nixon, re emigration policies (May 30, 1973), 252–253
invites HAK to Moscow (October 19, 1973), 542
at 1974
Moscow summit, 1161–1162, 1164, 1165, 1170–1172
and SALT, 271, 1014, 1020, 1158, 1170–1172
proposes “threshold” nuclear test ban, 1167
visits US (May 1973, Washington summit), 122–123, 285, 288, 289–300
and Watergate, 123, 288, 1153
speech of, to World Peace Congress (October 26, 1973), 600
MOSCOW MEETINGS OF, WITH HAK: May 1973, 228–235, 282–285
October 1973, 547, 548, 549–550, 552, 553–555
March 1974, 1021–1025, 1033
AND MIDDLE EAST NEGOTIATIONS, 209–210, 296, 607–608, 609, 612, 613, 843
informed of Kilometer 101 talks, 611
exchange of letters with Nixon (October 1973) re imposed peace, 583–585, 591, 595, 597
and Syrian-Israeli disengagement, 1033, 1034, 1035
AND MIDDLE EAST WAR, 480–481, 494, 532–534
and cease-fire initiatives, 486–487, 521, 539, 570, 572, 573, 574, 578, 579
Brimelow, Sir Thomas, 222, 224
and Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War, 278, 281–282, 284, 285
Britain, 222, 224, 543, 870, 1092
and Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War, 278, 286
and Arab oil embargo, 881, 902–903
and Atlantic Declaration, 192, 933
and Cyprus crisis, 1191
and European Economic Community, 131, 132, 141
and European unity, 732, 933
response to 1973
Foreign Policy Report, 161–162
relations of, with France, 163, 171–172
and Iceland, 172–173
HAK visits, 162–163, 567–568
and Middle East cease-fire resolution, 509, 510, 516–518, 556, 568, 708
and possible superpower intervention in Middle East, 582, 590, 593
withdraws from Persian Gulf, 161, 669
and Washington Energy Conference, 901n, 902, 903n, 916
and Year of Europe, 142–143, 151, 154, 162–163, 187, 189–190, 192
see also Douglas-Home, Sir Alec
RELATIONS OF, WITH UNITED STATES, 140, 141–142, 191–192, 281–282, 933
and Middle East, 709, 712, 713, 714, 720, 721, 830
and Watergate, 123, 734
Brooke, Edward, 634
Brookings Institution, 1001–1002
Brown, Dean, 494, 500, 757
Brown, Harold, 1008
Bruce, David K. E., 6, 62, 363, 364, 679
on HAK’s visit to China (November 1973), 689, 695
and Washington Energy Conference, 906n
meets with Zhou Enlai (May 18, 1973), 350–351, 352
Brussels, Belgium, Nixon stops in (June 1974), 1161
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 719–720
Buchanan, John H., Jr., 251–252
Buchanan, Patrick, 73
Buffum, William, 792
> Bukovsky, Vladimir, 377, 412
Bungalow, the, Bonn, 927–928
Bunker, Ellsworth, 795, 831n, 844, 1087
on Egyptian shuttle, 805, 822, 835
eightieth-birthday party for, 1072
on Syrian shuttle, 1049, 1072
Burger, Warren, 431
Burns, Arthur F., 79, 80, 81, 110, 906
Bush, George, 1203
Butterfield, Alexander, 111, 113, 114
Butz, Earl, 248
Buzhardt, Fred, 808
Byrd amendment, 326–327
Byrne, Thomas, 373
C-5A transport, 259
Cabinet, Nixon, meeting of August 6, 1974, 1202–1204
Caetano, Marcelo, 520
Cairo, Egypt, 633, 634
Cairo Opera House, 1129
Cairo Radio, 200
Califano, Joseph, 77, 107
Callaghan, James, 933
Cambodia, 15–18, 335–369, 687
army of, 339, 345
collapse of, 370
North Vietnamese troops in, 16, 32–33, 34, 35, 36, 85, 86, 303, 333
US aid to, 337–339, 369–370
US bombing of, 37, 328, 340, 347–348, 349, 353, 354, 355–361, 429
myths about US involvement in, 336, 342, 347
US troops in, 16, 329, 336, 337
UNITED STATES ATTEMPTS PEACE SETTLEMENT IN, 9–11, 17, 34, 35, 36–37, 320, 323, 340–347, 349–355, 362–369
Chinese involvement in, 59–60, 341, 343, 346, 349–354, 355, 362–366, 367, 368, 681–682
HAK-Tho discussion of (May-June 1973), 332–333
effects of US bombing on, 356–357, 358
Campbell, Richard, 230
Camp David, 3, 294
Brezhnev visits, 289–290, 293
Heath visits, 142
Camus, Albert, 761–762
Canada, 303, 885, 901n, 903n
Carter, Jimmy, and Carter Administration, 649, 670, 989
and “threshold” nuclear test ban, 1168
and US weapons programs, 260, 261, 273, 1002, 1008
Carter, Stan, 820n
Casa Pacifica, La. See San Clemente
Case, Clifford, 428, 429, 1115
Case-Church amendment, 356
Casey, William J., 874
Castro, Fidel, 378, 381, 405
Catholic Church, Chile, 397, 398
Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 954
Central Intelligence Agency. See CIA
Central Labor Confederation (CUT), Chile, 389–390, 399, 408
Chamberlain, Neville, 309
Champollion, Jean François, 845
Chiang Ch’ing. See Jiang Qing
Ch’iao Kuan-hua. See Qiao Guanhua
Chicago Sun-Times, 1118
Chicago Tribune, 820n, 1001, 1125
calls for Nixon’s impeachment or resignation, 1071
on US-Soviet Middle East confrontation, 600
Chile, 374–413
treatment of Americans in, after coup, 411–412
Congress of (Chamber of Deputies, Senate), 384, 388, 390, 392, 393–394, 398, 402–403
Congressional elections (March 4, 1973), 397
foreign assistance to, 391–392, 409
defaults on foreign debts, 380, 385, 387–388, 391–392, 392n, 410
inflation in, 391, 393, 398
role of military in, 394, 395, 401–402, 404–406, 407–413
under military junta, 406, 407–413
nationalization of industry in, 379–380, 388, 391, 401
internal politics of (under Allende), 383–384, 388, 397, 401, 402
strikes in, 394–395, 397, 398, 399, 401–402
see also Allende Gossens, Salvador
RELATIONS OF, WITH UNITED STATES, 374, 375, 376–383, 385, 386–388, 389–391, 393, 398–399, 401, 404
US aid to, 379, 407, 408, 410
US policy toward, 390, 401, 403
US support for democratic forces in, 377, 382, 395, 403, 405, 411
Chilean Constitutional Tribunal, 388
Chilean Copper Corporation, 385
China, Imperial, 736
see also People’s Republic of China; Taiwan
Ch’in Shih Huang-te. See Qin Shi Huangdi
Chi P’eng-fei. See Ji Pengfei
Chou Enlai. See Zhou Enlai
Christian Democratic Party, Chile, 376, 383, 384, 393, 394, 396, 398, 400–401, 402–403, 408
Christian Science Monitor, 153, 820n, 1086n, 1125
Church, Frank, 495
Churchill, Winston, 365, 423
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 224, 328, 463, 537, 599
and Chile, 389, 390, 395, 407
and Middle East war, 225–226, 461–462, 464, 465, 486, 488, 489, 552, 584
see also Colby, William
civil wars, 313–314
“Clarification of Interpretation of the Protocol to the Interim Agreement” (SALT I), 1146
Clausewitz, Karl von, 563, 989
Clements, William, 267, 270, 273, 514, 536, 597, 871
Cline, Ray S., 462n, 464n
Colby, William, 586, 750
and Chile, 382, 403, 406
and Middle East war, 458, 483n, 493, 495, 514, 526, 544
Colombia, 392
Colson, Charles W., 75, 321, 970, 1113
Commentary, 236n
Commodity Credit Corporation, 410
Common Market, 132, 141, 723
see also European Economic Community Communist Party, 244
in Chile, 383, 384, 399
Communist Provisional Revolutionary Government, South Vietnam, 311
Confluence, 761
Congress, US, 41, 55, 1121, 1129
and alert of US forces (October 1973), 593, 595n
cuts off aid to Chile, 412
and Cyprus crisis, 1191, 1192
and US defense program, 237, 259, 260, 261, 262, 998–999, 1000–1001, 1002
and US energy policy, 865–866, 869, 870
and Export-Import Bank, 996–997
impeachment procedure in, 1193, 1198
and aid to Israel, 495, 873
and Middle East disengagement negotiations, 852–853, 1065
and Middle East war, 472, 488
refuses military aid to Pakistan, 677
and SALT, 1148
and 1972 US-Soviet trade agreement (Jackson-Vanik amendment to), 246, 250, 251–252, 253–254, 988, 991
and US troops abroad, 706–707, 1005–1006
passes War Powers Act, 510
and Watergate, 126, 253, 254, 255
see also House and Senate committees
AND US INVOLVEMENT IN INDOCHINA, 10, 11, 327–328, 329
and aid to Cambodia, 337–339, 369–370
halts bombing of Cambodia, 355–361
cuts off funds for, 37, 356, 357, 358
cuts off aid to North Vietnam, 326–327
and aid to South Vietnam, 369–370
Congressional Record, 989
Connally, John, 80, 106, 294, 420, 514, 1212
and Chile, 386–387, 388, 391
relationship of, with Nixon, 385–387
conservative regimes, 311–312
conservatives, US: and arms control, 260, 1006
and defense effort, 1000
and “threshold” nuclear test ban, 1168
and US-Soviet relations, 236, 240, 247, 256, 613, 981, 983, 984
Conservatives for the Removal of the President, 1198
containment, policy of, 242
Continuing Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 1974, 338
Cooper, Charles, 906n
Cooper, John Sherman, 72, 73
Cooper-Church amendment (to Supplementary Foreign Assistance Act of 1970), 338
Corvalán, Luis, 377, 412
“counterbalancing asymmetries” approach to strategic arms limitation, 1153, 1155, 1173
Courcel, Geoffroy de, 180
Cox, Archibald, 418, 470, 531, 535, 537–538, 547
Cranston, Alan, 1
121
crisis, possible responses to, 328–329
Cromer, George Rowland Stanley Baring, Earl of, 582, 590, 593, 712
and Middle East war, 509, 510, 511, 517, 520
cruise missiles, 271, 1001, 1004
Cuba, 376, 378, 390, 405, 406, 419
Allende visits, 396
gives aid and arms to Chile, 382, 383, 392
Cuban missile crisis (1962), 133–134, 138
Cultural Revolution, China, 45, 69
Cyprus: crisis in (1974), 1188, 1189–1192
HAK-Gromyko meeting in (May 7, 1974), 1063–1065
Czechoslovakia, 685
Daily Telegraph, 161–162
Damascus, Syria, 779, 954
Damascus Radio, 458
Daoud, Mohammed, 675, 677, 687
David, Camp. See Camp David
Davignon, Etienne, 183, 734
Davis, Nathaniel, 395, 402, 403–404, 407, 408
writings of, on Chile, 381–383
Dayan, Moshe, 561, 562–564, 759, 936, 1139
and Middle East war, 477, 493, 504, 553, 564, 579
target of critics of Middle East war, 959–960, 1039
AND EGYPTIAN-ISRAELI DISENGAGEMENT NEGOTIATIONS: meetings on, with HAK (January 1974), 816, 817, 818, 831, 832, 833, 837
his plan for (January 1974), 800–804, 816
AND SYRIAN-ISRAELI DISENGAGEMENT NEGOTIATIONS, 848, 851
meetings on, with HAK, (February 1974) 963, 964, (March 1974) 1042–1043, (May 1974) 1057, 1085–1086, 1103
his plan for, 1042–1043, 1059–1060
Dean, John, 90, 319, 321, 353, 1114
fired, 102
testifies against Nixon, 113, 288, 358, 359
Debray, Régis, 376
Declaration of Atlantic Relations. See Atlantic Declaration
Defense, Department of, 873, 974, 1007
and US defense program, 262, 263, 265–266, 998, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1013
and arms for Iran, 669–670
and nuclear testing, 1166
position statements of, 1148
and SALT, 264–265, 270, 1009, 1011–1012, 1017, 1154
see also Pentagon; Schlesinger, James R.
AND MIDDLE EAST WAR, 501
plan to resup-ply Egyptian Third Army, 602, 604, 623
military supply to Israel, 479, 486, 525
Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 463, 464, 486, 513
defense program, US, 259–260, 266–267, 998–1006
conventional forces, 1000, 1005–1006, 1009, 1010
strategic forces, 237, 999–1005, 1009
see also weapons capability, US; weapons program, US
Defense Program Review Committee, 266, 1004
de Gaulle, Charles, 128, 129, 141, 178, 180, 365
HAK’s admiration for, 165
views of, on US-European relations, 132–133, 138–139, 706
visits Moscow, 136
del Canto, Hernán, 390, 392, 393, 402
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), Vietnam, 18, 32, 33, 85
Democratic National Committee headquarters, break-in at, 75, 76, 77, 115