The Drillmaster of Valley Forge
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guard duty, 136, 195, 212
inspection of, 207–8
strength reports, 134, 136
British Army (Redcoats)
Barren Hill and, 121–25, 132, 142, 166
Baylor Massacre and, 181–83, 186
capture of Charles Lee, 130, 132
captures Philadelphia, 52, 56–57, 59, 81
invasion of Virginia, 235–37, 251–57, 260–65, 267–71
James River attack by, 251–57
landing at Portsmouth, Virginia, 247–48, 250–51
leaders of, 130
march on Morristown, 223–27, 232
Monmouth Courthouse and, 150–68
New York City and, 120, 226–27, 283–84
Paulus Hook, New Jersey, and, 211–12
retreat from Philadelphia, 116, 120–24, 141–68, 184–86
in Virginia campaign, 234–71
West Point, New York, and, 210–12
British East India Company, 30
Brooks, John, 107
Bunker Hill, battle of, 89, 165
Burdett, Peter, 31–33
Burgoyne, John “Gentleman Johnny,” 145
Gates and, 52, 53, 55–56
Burke, Aedanus, 292
Burwell’s Landing, Virginia, 256
Butler, William, 157–58
Calvinism, 11
Camden, South Carolina, 233–34
cameralism, 178
Canada
French Canadians in Continental Army, 120, 122, 124
FvS diplomatic mission to, 282–83
Canitz, Baroness von, 286
Cape Henry, Virginia, 247–48
Cary, Archibald, 262
Catholicism, 1–2, 4, 11–12
cavalry, Prussian Army, 15
Charles-Joseph, Prince de Ligne, 31
Charleston, South Carolina, siege of 1780, 222–23, 226–27, 233
Charlottesville, Virginia, 262–64
Chase, Samuel, 178
Chesterfield, Virginia, 238, 250, 252, 255–56, 259–60, 272
Chickahominy River, 240
Cilley, Joseph, 163
Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, 281–82
Circle of Swabia, 86, 87n
Cist, Charles, 205
City Point, Virginia, 252, 253
Clinton, George, 297
Clinton, Henry, 120–22, 124, 130
British march on Morristown and, 224–27
British retreat from Philadelphia and, 141–68, 184–86
siege of Charleston and, 222–23, 226–27, 233
West Point, New York, and, 210–12
Closen, Baron de, 276
Clough, Alexander, 182
Cole’s Ferry, Virginia, 264–65
Committee in Camp, 74–75, 83
Committee of Arrangement, 178
companies
company books, 208–9
organization of, 127
Congress. see Continental Congress
Continental Army
Barren Hill and, 121–25, 132, 142, 166
battle-readiness of, 118–19, 125–29
Baylor Massacre and, 181–83, 186
British retreat from Philadelphia, 116, 120–24, 141–68
company books for, 208–9
demobilization of, 277–78, 279–81, 283–84
discipline problems of, 212–21
final acts of, 283–84
foreign officers in, 59–60, 65–68. see also Lafayette, Marquis de; Steuben, Friedrich von
FvS as consultant to Washington, 79–83, 96–98, 132–33, 184–86
FvS as inspector general in, 81–85, 96, 105, 106, 107–8, 113–14, 116, 136–40, 171, 172–74, 186–99, 204–27, 275
FvS as major general in, 116
FvS joins, 65–68
FvS resigns from, 289
FvS training program for. see Blue Book (Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States); training at Valley Forge
Grand Review of May 6, 1778, 114–16, 117–18, 119
incorporation plan, 215–21, 233–34
inspector generals of, 70–72, 81–85, 96, 105, 106, 107–8, 113–14, 116, 136–40, 169, 171, 172–79, 186–99, 204–27, 275
military alliance with the French Army, 114, 120, 170, 171, 178–79, 223, 244–47, 275–76
Monmouth Courthouse and, 150–68
in Morristown, New Jersey (1779–1780), 213–27
Newburgh Conspiracy, 278
New Jersey campaign of 1778, 141–68
organization of, 126–28
Philadelphia and, 52, 56–57, 59, 81
ranks of FvS staff members, 67
recruitment in America, 218–21
recruitment in France, 32–41, 43–46
regiment size, 126, 213–15, 220
reports on condition of, 134, 136, 207–21
Richmond and, 239–41, 243, 251–52, 262
in siege of Charleston, South Carolina, 222–23, 226–27, 233
size recommendations, 219
soldier’s books for, 208–9
Southern Army, 222–23, 233, 237–71
state government recruitment efforts, 219, 223, 238, 241–42
Virginia campaign, 234–71
winter of 1777–78, 55–59
written regulations for, 108, 186–96, 198–201, 205–7
see also Board of War; tactics and drill
Continental Congress
admiration for work of FvS, 128–29
Committee in Camp, 74–75, 83
Conway Cabal and, 58–59, 63, 64, 132
distrust of France, 34–36
FvS meets with, 63–68
FvS resignation threats and, 218–20
incorporation plan for Continental Army and, 215–21, 233–34
role of inspector general and, 136–40, 172–79, 197–99
see also Board of War
Continental currency depreciation, 215–16
Continental Line, 118, 120, 161, 163, 241–42
Conway, Thomas
Conway Cabal and, 58–59, 63, 64, 132
FvS and, 71–72, 74, 130
as inspector general of the Continental Army, 70–72, 82–83, 96, 97, 105, 113–14, 132
marginalization of, 64, 69–72, 82–83
resignation as inspector general, 113–14
Conway Cabal, 58–59, 63, 132
Cornwallis, Charles
British invasion of Virginia and, 235–37, 256–57, 260–65, 267–71
British march on Morristown and, 224–27
British retreat from Philadelphia and, 149–52, 154, 156, 158, 159, 160, 182–83, 184
in North Carolina, 244, 248, 256–57
siege of Yorktown and, 269–71
in South Carolina, 233–34
court-martial of Charles Lee, 154, 165, 169–70, 188–89, 201–3
procedures for conducting, 194
Crénis, Martial-Jean-Antoine, Chevalier de, 174, 177
Cromwell, Oliver, 287
Crosswicks, New Jersey, 145, 149, 150
Dana, Francis, 83
Davies, William, 107, 237–38, 243, 260, 267
Deane, Silas enemies in Congress, 198
recalled from post in Paris, 60
recruitment of soldiers in Paris, 32, 34–41, 43–46, 59, 69
Dearborn, Henry, 124
de Kalb, Johannes, 21, 35, 36
British retreat from Philadelphia and, 143
as general in the Continental Army, 58, 60, 76
at Valley Forge, 76
Delaware River, 142–45
demobilization, of Continental Army, 277–78, 279–81, 283–84
Des Epiniers, Augustin François
as captain in the Continental Army, 67
as FvS staff member, 48, 61, 65, 106, 188, 201–3
Destouches, Admiral, 245, 247
Dickinson, Philemon, 143–44, 154
British retreat from Philadelphia and, 145, 146, 156
divisions
drills
of, 222–23
formation of, 127–28
Drayton, William Henry, 128
drill and tactics. see tactics and drill
Duane, James, 199–200
Duane, Polly, 199–200
Duer, William, 139
Duponceau, Pierre-Étienne
in Boston, 53–54
as captain in the continental Army, 67
as FvS staff member, 49, 51–53, 61, 62–63, 65, 68, 79, 84–85, 88, 99, 102, 106–7, 116, 146, 149, 177, 187, 198, 207–8, 209, 217, 221, 235, 275, 289
illness of, 221, 235
trip notes of, 62–63
written regulations for Continental Army and, 186–87, 198, 205
Duportail, Louis, 147
dysentery, 119–20
Earl, Ralph, 28
Elizabeth, Tsarina of Russia, 19
Elizabethtown, New Jersey, 224–26
Elk Hill, Virginia, 264
Englishtown, New Jersey, 152, 155–57, 159, 161–63, 166–67
Enlightenment thought, 11–12, 76, 77, 231–32, 299
ensigns (Fähnrich), 10
Esperanto, 49
D’Estaing, Admiral, 170, 171, 179, 186
Ewald, Johann, 144
Fairlie, James, 232, 268–69
fifes and drums, 110, 223
finances, of FvS, 12, 25, 26, 31, 41, 53–54, 55, 176–77, 179, 189–90, 198–99, 201, 218–21, 271–74, 277–79, 291, 294–97, 298
First Silesian War, 8
Fishkill, New York, 62
Conway in, 69–71
FvS in, 232–33, 282
Flamand (ship), 50–52
Fleury, François-Louis Teissèdre de
as FvS staff member, 106–7, 187, 198, 199
written regulations for Continental Army and, 186–87, 198, 199
42nd Regiment of Foot (Black Watch), 162, 165
France
Continental Army recruitment activities in, 32–41, 43–46
Continental Congress distrust of, 34–36
FvS and French Army, 230–31, 285–87
inspector generals in, 177
military alliance with America, 114, 120, 170, 171, 178–79, 223, 244–47, 275–76
in the Seven Years’ War, 16–17
in the Virginia campaign, 244–47
see also Paris
Francy, Jean-Baptiste Theveneu de, as FvS staff member, 48, 61, 65, 106, 188, 203
Frank, Daniel Marianus, 25–26, 42, 52, 73, 141, 203
Franklin, Benjamin, 63
American Philosophical Society, 49
FvS and, 211–12
recruitment of soldiers in Paris, 32–41, 43–46
Fraunces Tavern (New York City), 284
Fredericksburg, New York, FvS headquarters in, 180–81
Frederick the Great. see Friedrich II, King of Prussia
Free Battalions (Freibataillone), 16–17
Freehold, New Jersey, 150, 151, 155–58
Freeman’s Farm, battle of, 56
French and Indian War, 90, 130–31
French Army FvS and, 230–31, 285–87
military alliance with the Continental Army, 114, 120, 170, 171, 178–79, 223, 244–47, 275–76
French Canadians, in the Continental Army, 120, 122, 124
French Revolution, 85, 195–96
Friederike Dorothea, Princess, 24, 28
Friedrich II, King of Prussia, 4–5
capture of, 17
FvS and, 18–21, 31, 188, 191–92
love of military life, 7–8, 13–21
Maria Theresa and, 8, 9, 12, 13
Seven Years’ War and, 12–21
Friedrich Wilhelm I
death of, 7
as godfather of FvS, 2, 4
ties with father of FvS, 2, 4, 6–7
Galvan, William, 189, 200
Gaskins, Thomas, Jr., 261–62, 264–65
Gates, Elizabeth, 75
Gates, Horatio, 21, 53, 170, 238
on the Board of War, 58–59, 64, 65, 74, 291
Burgoyne and, 52, 53, 55–56
Conway and, 69, 74
criticism of Washington, 57–59, 70, 74
defeat in in South Carolina, 233–34
FvS and, 65, 75, 106, 109–10, 171, 178–79
in Rhode Island, 209–10
Gaudy, Baron de, 69
George III, 294
Gérard, Conrad-Alexandre, 180, 204, 231, 285
German Society of New York, 295–96
Germantown, battle of, 56–57, 69–70, 165
Germany
origins of, 3
see also Prussia; Prussian Army
Gerry, Elbridge, 291
Gist, Mordecai, 269
Goltz, Freiherr von der, 291
Goochland Courthouse, Virginia, 263
Gordon, William, 54, 125
Grand Review of May 6, 1778, 114–16, 117–19
Grant, Charles, 122, 123–24
Grasse, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de, 268, 274
Graves, Thomas, 268
Grayson, William, 155, 157
Green, Ashbel, 88
Greene, Caty, 84
Greene, Nathanael, 80–81, 84, 213
British march on Morristown and, 225, 227
British retreat from Philadelphia and, 142, 147, 163
FvS as second-in-command to, 234–71
need for recognition, 290–91
in North Carolina, 248–49, 256–57
in Philadelphia, 235
portrait of, 202
as quartermaster, 119–20, 124, 218–19
soldiers from Virginia and, 238, 241–42, 249–50, 261
war councils and, 142
Grey, Charles “No Flint,” 122, 123, 181–83
guard duty, 136, 195, 212
grand rounds, 195
Guibert, Comte de, 193–94
Guilford Courthouse, battle of, 248, 256–57
Habsburg dynasty, 3, 8, 9, 12, 13
Haldimand, Frederick, 282–83
Hamburg, 36
Hamilton, Alexander
British retreat from Philadelphia and, 159
as secretary of the treasury, 298
support for FvS, 77–79, 99, 133, 139, 166, 172–76, 277, 285–87, 288, 291, 293
support for Washington, 70
Hamilton Oneida Academy (Hamilton College), 299
Hampton Roads, Virginia, 244–45
Hancock, John, as mentor of FvS, 53–55, 65, 68, 212, 285
Hand, Edward, 215, 225
Harrison, Benjamin, 265
Hazen, Moses, 213–15
Henry, John, 66
Henry, Prince, 294
homosexuality rumors and, 42, 203–4
in the Seven Years’ War, 17–18, 21
testimonials for FvS, 24, 45
Hessians, 144, 224–27
Hightstown, New Jersey, 150–51
Hohenzollern dynasty, 3–4
Hohenzollern-Hechingen, FvS as court chamberlain to prince of, 24–30
Holy Roman Empire, 3, 66, 86
homosexuality
FvS and, 42, 203–4
Prince Henry and, 42, 203–4
Hood’s Landing, Virginia, 238–39, 243–44, 250–52
Hopewell, New Jersey, 145, 146, 149
Howard, Philip, 30
Howe, Robert, 232–33
Howe, William, 55, 120–22, 124
assault on Philadelphia, 56–57
Hudson Highlands, 147, 185–86, 209–10
Hülsen, J. D. von, 17
hygiene for troops, 194
Imlaystown, New Jersey, 149–50
incorporation plan, 215–21, 233–34
infantry
battalions as basic unit of, 126–27
Prussian Army, 10, 13–18
Innes, James, 252
inspector generals
Board of War and, 136–40, 172–79, 197–99
Thomas Conway as, 70–72, 82–83, 96, 97, 105, 113–14, 132
in the French A
rmy, 177
FvS as, 81–85, 96, 105, 106, 107–8, 113–14, 116, 136–40, 169, 171, 172–74, 186–99, 204–27, 275
in the Prussian Army, 177–81
Jackson’s Additional Regiment, 155–56
Jacobite rebels, 90
James River, British invasion of Virginia and, 251–57
Jay, John, 206, 291
Jefferson, Thomas
British invasion of Virginia and, 235–37, 240, 244–52, 256, 263