The Drillmaster of Valley Forge
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FvS relationship with, 238–39, 243–47, 291, 293
as governor of Virginia, 236–47, 249, 263, 266
recruitment for Southern Army and, 238, 241–42
Jockey Hollow, New Jersey, winter encampment at, 213
Jones, Joseph, 265
Josef Friedrich Wilhelm, Prince, 24, 26–27, 42
Josef II, Emperor of Austria, 31
Junker class, 4–6, 30n
Karlsruhe, 41–43
Kay, 17
King, Rufus, 292
Kings Ferry, New York, 171, 210–11
Kip, Hendrick, 232
Kips Bay, New York, 159
Knoblauch, Baron, 189
Knox, Henry, 161, 222, 231, 281, 284, 292, 293
Knyphausen, Wilhelm von, 149–52, 154, 155
in British Army march on Morristown, 224–27, 232
Kunersdorf, battle of, 17
“Lady Washington’s Guards,” 182
Lafayette, Marquis de, 21, 35, 36
Barren Hill and, 121–25
British march on Morristown and, 225
British retreat from Philadelphia and, 142, 143, 147, 148, 149, 150–52, 158, 160, 165
as general in the Continental Army, 59, 60, 70, 89, 117–18, 120–25, 223, 266–67
summons for FvS, 268–71
support for Washington, 70, 72, 74
Virginia campaign and, 245–49, 251, 256, 260–65, 266–71
war councils and, 142
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 73
Landais, Pierre, 51
Langdon, John, 52
Laurens, Henry
as president of Continental Congress, 39–40, 45, 60, 63, 68, 74, 76, 79–80
support for FvS, 72, 75–76, 79–80, 86, 124, 125, 128–29, 139, 170, 171, 174, 175, 183, 184, 186, 198–99, 201
Laurens, John, support for FvS, 76–79, 81, 82–83, 85, 86, 99, 112, 115, 136, 139, 155, 171, 175–76
Lawson, Robert, 263–65
Lee, Arthur, 39, 60
Lee, Charles, 21
British retreat from Philadelphia and, 142, 143, 146–48, 151–52, 154
capture by British Army, 130, 132
court-martial of, 154, 165, 169–70, 188–89, 201–3
criticisms of FvS, 130–33, 188–89
criticisms of Washington, 57–58, 70, 131–32
retreat from attack on British Army, 155–65
vilification of, 130–31
war councils and, 142, 146–47
Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 66
Lee, Henry “Light-Horse Harry”
British march on Morristown and, 225–26
Paulus Hook, New Jersey, and, 211–12
Lee, Richard Henry, 60, 249
L’Enfant, Pierre Charles
as FvS staff member, 67, 187, 198, 282
written regulations for Continental Army and, 187, 198
Leslie, Alexander, invasion of Virginia, 235–37, 239
L’Estarjette, Louis de, 45
Lestwitz Regiment, 10, 13–18
Leuthen, battle of, 16
Liegnitz, battle of, 17
Lieutenant’s Run, Virginia, 255
Lincoln, Benjamin, 186
as Secretary of War, 288, 290
in siege of Charleston, 222–23, 233
in siege of Yorktown, 269
Lipscomb, Reuben, 172
Livingston, Henry Beekman, 95
Livingston, Robert R., 95
incorporation plan for Continental Army, 215–21, 233–34
Livingston, William, 226
Lord Stirling. see Stirling, William Alexander, Lord
Louisa Courthouse, Virginia, 263
Louis XVI, 33, 36, 114, 207, 230, 286
Lovell, James, 58–60
Lowell, James, 80, 178
Lüderitz, Ludolf von, 1–2
Ludwig Wilhelm of Baden, 41–42, 86n
Luzerne, Anne-César, Chevalier de la
FvS as escort for, 210, 222, 231, 285
portrait of, 202
Magdeburg, 1–2, 7
Manchester, Virginia, 256
Manual Exercise, 99, 109, 112, 129
Maria Theresa, 8, 9, 12, 13
Martin, Joseph Plumb, 111, 121, 122–23
Matson’s Ford, Pennsylvania, 123–24
Maxwell, William, 141–43
British retreat from Philadelphia and, 145, 146, 160, 162, 164
Mayr, Johann von, 16–17
Mayr Free Battalion, 16–17
McKean, Thomas, 66
measles, 194
Middlebrook, New Jersey, 204–5
Middletown, New Jersey, 143
Mifflin, Thomas
on the Board of War, 58, 133
criticism of Washington, 58, 70, 74, 80
model company at Valley Forge, 97–105
Monmouth Courthouse, battle of, 150–68
Monroe, James, 85
Montesquieu, 11–12
Montpellier, 25–26
Morgan, Dan, 122, 123–24, 148, 164
Morris, Gouverneur, 175, 178
Morris, Robert, 44–46, 63, 274
Morristown, New Jersey
British Army march on, 223–27, 232
Continental Army in (1779–1780), 213–27
Continental Army inspections of 1779, 213–17, 219–21
Mount Vernon, 235, 289
Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel, 241–42, 248–49, 251, 252–56
Mulligan, John, 299–300
mustermaster general, 218
Muter, Charles, 240, 242–43, 246
Napoléon Bonaparte, 3
Native Americans
in the Continental Army, 83, 120–24
languages of, 49
Nelson, Thomas, Jr., 244, 249, 266, 269
Neuville, Louise-Pierre de La, 173, 175, 178–79
New Brunswick, New Jersey, 170–72
Newburgh, New York, 275, 279, 281
Newburgh Conspiracy, 278
New Jersey
Baylor Massacre, 181–83, 186
British Army march on Morristown, 213–27
campaign of 1778, 141–68
Continental Army encampment at Morristown (1779–1780), 213–27, 232
Hopewell, 145, 146, 149
Monmouth Courthouse, 150–68
Springfield, 224, 225, 227
New Jersey Brigade, 141–42, 160, 162
Newport, Rhode Island, 179
Newport, Virginia, retreat by Tilly, 244–46
New York City
battles of 1776 around, 119
British Army and, 120, 226–27, 283–84
British retreat from Philadelphia and, 148–68
Continental Army protects, 274–75
Fraunces Tavern, 284
FvS residences in, 289, 295, 299
as home of U.S. government, 297
Norman, John, 205
North, William (Billy), 73
as FvS staff member, 201–3, 241, 268, 269, 272–73, 275, 278, 280, 283, 293
illness of, 272–73
portrait of, 202, 203
support for FvS, 295–97, 300–301
North Carolina
Cornwallis in, 244, 248, 256–57
Nathanael Greene in, 248–49, 256–57
Southern Army retreat through, 244
officer cadets, Prussian Army, 10
Ogden, Matthias, 159
“Old Fritz.” see Friedrich II, King of Prussia
Old Point Comfort, Virginia, 239
Old Tappan, New Jersey, 181–83
Oneida nation, 120–24
Order of Fidelity, 27, 28–29, 30n
Overkill, New Jersey, 182–83, 186, 212
Paoli, Pennsylvania, 181
Paris
Silas Deane recalled from post in, 60
FvS in, 32–36, 43–46
recruitment for Continental Army in, 32–41, 43–46, 59, 69
Paterson, John, 163
Paulus Hook, New Jersey, 211–12
Peale, Charles Wilson, 2
8
pederasty, 42, 203–4
Pennsylvania. see Philadelphia; York, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Line, 256
Peter III, Tsar of Russia, 19
Peters, Ralph, 176, 187
Peters, Richard, 68, 128–29, 176–77, 181, 187, 285
Blue Book and, 205–7
finances of FvS and, 190, 199, 273, 291
support for FvS, 201, 267–68, 291
Peters, Sarah, 176, 273
Petersburg, Virginia, 240–41, 252–57, 261
Philadelphia
battles of 1777 around, 119
British retreat from, 116, 120–24, 141–68, 182–86
falls to British, 52, 56–57, 59, 81
French resident ambassador in, 180
FvS in, 145–46, 173–79, 186–99, 217–21, 234–35, 273–74, 277–79, 284
Howe’s assault on, 56–57
Philip, Henry Leonard, 174
Phillips, William
illness of, 261
James River attack and, 251–57
in Virginia campaign, 247–48, 250–57
Pickering, Timothy
Blue Book and, 205–7
on the Board of War, 58, 113, 128–29, 191, 205–7, 237–38
Platen, J. von, 18
platoons
formation of, 127–28
forming column of, 110, 193
moving fire and, 128
Pocahontas Bridge, Virginia, 253–55
Point of Fork, Virginia, 262–68, 275
Ponthière, Louis de
as captain in the Continental Army, 67
as FvS staff member, 48, 61, 65, 98–99, 106
Poor’s Creek, Virginia, 254–55
Popham, William, 275, 276
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, FvS in, 51–52, 73–74
Portsmouth, Virginia, in Virginia campaign, 235–37, 240–41, 244–48, 250–51, 254, 256
Potts, Isaac, 76, 142
Prague, 13–14, 167
Princeton, New Jersey, 55, 56, 150, 165
Prussia
in background of FvS, 2–5
Junker class, 4–6, 30n
as major military power, 4, 5
see also Prussian Army
Prussian Army
divisions of, 15–17
First Silesian War, 8
under Frederick the Great, 7–8, 10–20, 86–87
FvS leaves, 20–21, 23–24
FvS positions in, 9–20, 71, 86–87, 110–11, 130, 191–92, 203
inspector generals in, 177–81
military education of FvS in, 9–20
promotions in, 10–12
regulations for Continental Army and, 186–96
Second Silesian War, 9
Seven Years’ War, 12–20
shortcomings of, 14
Spezialklasse der Kriegskunst (Special Class on the Art of War), 19–21
Queen’s Rangers, 254
Raynal, Abbé, 51
Read, Jacob, 285
Redcoats. see British Army (Redcoats)
Reed, Joseph, 178
regiments
as basic tactical unit, 126
battalions in, 127
inspections of, 213–15
restructuring, 133–34
size of, 126, 213–15, 220
Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States (Blue Book)
development of, 186–96, 200
as official regulations of U.S. Army, 301
payment for, 198–99
permanent army and, 288–89
printing of, 201, 205–7
Rhode Island
Continental Army in, 209–10
Newport, 179
Richmond, Virginia, British Army and, 239–41, 243, 251–52, 262
Rochambeau, Comte de, 223, 232–33, 268, 275–76
Roderigue Hortalez et Compagnie, 37–38, 43, 48, 50
Romanet, François Adrien de
as FvS staff member, 67
as major in the Continental Army, 67
Rossbach, battle of, 17, 36
Rush, Benjamin, 58
criticism of Washington, 70, 74
Russia
FvS captivity in St. Petersburg, 18–19
FvS father stationed in, 7
St. Clair, Arthur, 196, 200, 298
St. Germain, Claude-Louise de, 36–37, 40, 43–44, 230–31
St. Petersburg, FvS captivity in, 18–19
Sandy Hook, New Jersey, 148, 150–52, 164
sanitation measures, 194
Sansculottes, 85, 175
Saratoga, battle of, 52, 56, 145, 164
Saxe, Marshall, 290
Saxony, 12
scabies, 119–20
Scammell, Alexander, 112–13
Schuyler, Philip, 80
Scott, Charles, 150, 158, 160, 162
Second Silesian War, 9
Senf, John Christian, 238
Seven Years’ War, 12–21, 36–37, 130
France in, 16–17
FvS in, 12–20, 110–11, 191–92
peace settlement, 19, 20
Shays, Daniel, 293
Shay’s Rebellion, 293–94
Silesia, 12
First Silesian War, 8
Second Silesian War, 9
Simcoe, John Graves, 254, 263, 264, 269
Simcoe’s Rangers, 255
smallpox, 120, 194
Society of the Cincinnati, 281–82, 292
soldier’s books (livre du soldat), 208–9
South Carolina
Camden, 233–34
Charleston siege of, 222–23, 226–27.233
Southern Army
in Charleston, 222–23, 226–27, 233
recruiting and supply needs, 237–38, 241–42
retreat through North Carolina, 244
in Virginia, 237–71
Spezialklasse der Kriegskunst (Special Class on the Art of War), 19–21
Springfield, New Jersey, 224, 225, 227
Staats, Abraham, 204–5
Stark, John, 225
Star of Fidelity, 87–88
Staunton, Virginia, 265–66
Steuben, Augustin von (paternal grandfather), 2, 5, 6
Steuben, Charlotte Dorothea von Effern (paternal grandmother), 5
Steuben, Friedrich von
Samuel Adams and, 53, 54, 58, 64, 68, 80, 212
ambitions of, 85–87, 113–14, 116, 136–40, 167–68, 170–72, 177–81, 227
appearance of, 26–28, 38, 48, 87–88, 95–96, 98, 225, 272
appreciation for American character, 82–83, 104–5
in army of Frederick the Great, 19–21, 188
attitude toward America, 285–87, 294
birth of, 1–2, 5
Blue Book (Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States), 186–96, 198–201, 205–7
Board of War and, 64, 68, 176, 186–96
in Boston, 52–55
British retreat from Philadelphia and, 142, 145–46, 148, 153–57, 161–64, 184–86
captivity in St. Petersburg, 18–19
childhood of, 5–6
commemoration of, 300–301
communication with George Washington, 63–64, 66, 79–80, 113–14, 215–18, 244, 246, 269–70, 284
as consultant to Washington, 79–83, 96–98, 132–33, 184–86
as court chamberlain to prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, 24–30
at the court of the Margrave of Baden, 41–42, 86n
critics of, 74–75, 129–35, 170–72, 188–89, 203–4, 265–67
death of, 299–300
demanding pace set by, 95–96, 112–13, 153–55, 207, 222, 242
demobilization of Continental Army, 279–81, 283–84
diplomatic mission to British military commander in Canada, 282–83
on discipline, 191, 212–21
education of, 9, 11–12, 51
English language and, 48, 51, 53, 61, 88, 89, 101
&
nbsp; Enlightenment thought and, 11–12, 76, 77, 231–32
family background of, 5–7
field command duties, 170–72, 227
financial affairs of, 12, 25, 26, 31, 41, 53–54, 55, 176–77, 179, 189–90, 198–99, 201, 218–21, 271–74, 277–79, 291, 294–97, 298
as Freiherr (Baron), 27, 29–30, 30n
French Army and, 230–31, 285–87
French language and, 11, 65–68, 76–77, 84
friends of, 198–204, 211–12, 291
Horatio Gates and, 65, 75, 106, 109–10, 171, 178–79