The Outlandish Companion
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Ryall, Rhiannon. West Country Wicca: A Journal of the Old Religion. Custer, Wash.: Phoenix Publications Inc., 1989.
Seymour, St. John D. Irish Witchcraft and Demonology. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1996.
Slade, Paddy. Encyclopedia of White Magic: A Seasonal Guide: New York: Mallard Press, 1990.
Sutherland, Elizabeth. Ravens and Black Rain. London: Corgi Books, 1985.
Weinstein, Marion. Positive Magic: Occult Self-Help. Custer, Wash.: Phoenix Publishing Inc., 1991.
Williams, Charles. Witchcraft. Faber & Faber Ltd., 1941.
NATURAL HISTORY GUIDES AND RESOURCES
Alsop, Fred J. Birds of the Smokies. Gatlinburg, Tenn.: Great Smokie Mountain Natural History Association, 1991.
Amos, William H., and Stephen H. Amos. The Audubon Society Nature Guides: Atlantic and Gulf Coasts New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1985.
Brickell, John. The Natural History of North Carolina. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp., 1733 (reprinted 1969).
Condry, William. Woodlands. London: William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd., 1974.
Corliss, William R. Unusual Natural Phenomena. New York: Arlington House, 1977.
Darwin, Tess. The Scots Herbal: The Plant Lore of Scotland. Edinburgh: The Mercat Press, 1996.
Dennis, Jerry. It’s Raining Frogs and Fishes. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 1993.
Dunmire, Marjorie S. Mountain Wildlife. Estes Park, Co.: Pegasus Graphics, 1986.
Forey, Pamela, et al. An Instant Guide to Edible Plants. New York: Crescent Books, 1989.
Hart, Cyril. British Trees in Color. London: Book Club Associates, 1974.
Hill, Madalene, and Gwen Barclay, with Jean Hardy. Southern Herb Growing. Shearer Publishing, 1987.
Launert, Edmund. The Hamlyn Guide to Edible Plants of Britain and Northern Europe. Hamlyn, 1989.
Livingston, A.D., and Helen Livingston, ED.D. Edible Plants and Animals. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1993.
Lockley, R. M. ed. Britain in Colour. London: A Batsford Book, 1964.
Martin, Laura C. The Folklore of Birds. Old Saybrook, Conn.: The Globe Pequet Press, 1993.
Martin, Laura C. The Folklore of Trees and Shrubs. Old Saybrook, Conn.: The Globe Pequot Press, 1992.
Martin, Laura C. Wildflower Folklore. Old Saybrook, Conn.: The Globe Pequet Press, 1993.
Medve, Richard J. Edible Wild Plants of Pennsylvania and Neighboring States. University Park, Penn.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1990.
Millas, Jose Carlos. Hurricanes of the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions, 14921800. Ann Arbor Mich.: Edwards Brothers Incorporated, 1968.
Ovenden, Denys et al. A Handguide to the Wild Animals of Britain and Europe. Treasure Press, 1989.
Page, Robin. Weather Forecasting the Country Way. New York: Viking Penguin Inc., 1977.
Parkinson, Cornelia M. Gem Magic. New York: Ballentine Books, 1988.
Perrins, Christopher. Collins New Generation Guide: Birds of Britain and Europe. London: Collins, 1987.
Quirk Jr., Thomas C. Reptiles and Amphibians Coloring Book. Mineola N.Y.: Dover Publications, Inc., 1981.
Ratcliffe, Derek. Highland Flora. Inverness: Highlands and Islands Development, 1977.
Riotte, Louise. Sleeping with a Sunflower. Pawnal, Vt.: Garden Way Publishing, 1987.
Sutton, Ann, and Myron Sutton. Audubon Society Nature Guides: Eastern Forests. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1985.
Webster, William David, James F. Parnell, and Walter C. Biggs, Jr. Mammals of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland. Chapel Hil, N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press, 1985.
Wigginton, Eliot, ed. The Foxfire Book: Hog Dressing, Log Cabin Building, Mountain Crafts and Foods, Planting by the Signs, Snakelore, Hunting Tales, Faith Healing. New York: Anchor Books, 1972.
Wigginton, Eliot and his students eds. Foxfire 5: Ironmaking, Blacksmithing, Flintlock Rifles, and Bear Hunting New York: Anchor Books, 1979.
NORTH CAROLINA: HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY, NATURAL HISTORY, ETC.
Alsop, Fred J. Birds of the Smokies. Gatlinburg, Tenn.: Great Smokie Mountain Natural History Association, 1991.
Brickell, John. The Natural History of North Carolina. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp., 1733 (reprinted 1969).
Dunmire, Marjorie S. Mountain Wildlife. Estes Park, Colo.: Pegasus Graphics, 1986.
Frucht, Richard. Black Society in the New World. New York: Random House, 1971.
Garrison, Webb. A Treasury of Carolina Tales: Unusual, Interesting and Little-known Stories of North Carolina and South Carolina. Nashvile, Tenn.: Rutledge Hill Press, 1988.
Merrens, Harry Roy. Colonial North Carolina in the Eighteenth Century: A Study in Historical Geography. Chapel Hill N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1964.
Meyer, Duane. The Highland Scots of North Carolina, 1732–1776. Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press, 1961.
Powell, William S. North Carolina, a History. Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press, 1988.
Preik, Brooks Newton. Haunted Wilmington and the Cape Fear Coast. Wilmington, N.C.: Banks Channel Books, 1995.
Ravi, Jennifer. Notable North Carolina Women. Winston-Salem, N.C.: Bandit Books, Inc., 1992.
Roberts, Nancy. Blackbeard and Other Pirates of the Atlantic Coast. Winston-Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair, Publisher, 1993.
Russell, Randy and Janet Barnett. Mountain Ghost Stories and Curious Tales of Western North Carolina Winston-Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair, Publisher, 1994.
Sheppard, Muriel Earley. Cabins in the Laurel. Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press, 1991.
Sutton, Ann, and Myron Sutton. Audubon Society Nature Guides: Eastern Forests. New York: Alfred A Knopf, Inc., 1985.
Webster, William David, James F. Parnell, and Walter C. Biggs, Jr. Mammals of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1985.
Wigginton, Eliot, ed. The Foxfire Book: Hog Dressing, Log Cabin Building, Mountain Crafts and Foods, Planting by the Signs, Snakelore, Hunting Tales, Faith Healing. New York: Anchor Books, 1972.
Wigginton, Eliot and his students eds. Foxfire 5: Ironmaking, Blacksmithing, Flintlock Rifles, and Bear Hunting New York: Anchor Books, 1979.
FOOD AND COOKERY
Brown, Catherine. Broths to Bannocks: Cooking in Scotland, 1690 to the Present Day. London: John Murray (Publishers) Ltd., 1991.
Cameron, Sheila MacNiven. The Highlander’s Cookbook: Recipes from Scotland. New York: Gramercy Publishing Company,
Duff, Gail. A Loaf of Bread: Bread in History, in the Kitchen, and on the Table. Edison N.J.: Chartwell Books, 1998.
Harris, Paul. A Little Scottish Cookbook. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1988.
Jensen, Bernard. Foods That Heal. Garden City Park, N.Y.: Avery Publishing Group, Inc., 1993.
Kaplan, Steven L. Provisioning Paris: Merchants and Millers in the Grain and Flour Trade During the Eighteenth Century. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1984.
Launert, Edmund. The Hamlyn Guide to Edible Plants of Britain and Northern Europe. Hamlyn, 1989.
Livingston, A.D., and Helen Livingston, ED.D. Edible Plants and Animals. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1993.
McLintock, Mrs., introduction and glossary by Iseabail Macleod. Mrs. McLintock’s Receipts For Cookery and Pastry-Work. Aberdeen: The University Press, 1986.
McNeill, Marian F. The Scots Kitchen: Its Traditions and Lore, with Old-Time Recipes. Edinburgh: The Mercat Press, 1994.
Medve, Richard J. Edible Wild Plants of Pennsylvania and Neighboring States. University Park, Penn.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1990.
Norman, Jill. Teas and Tisanes. New York: Bantam Books Inc., 1989.
Puotinen, C.J. Herbs to Improve Digestion. New Canaan, Conn.: Keats Publications, Inc., 1996.
Rasmussen, Dean L. How to Live Through a Famine. Bountiful, Utah: Horizon Publishers, 1976.
Shaw, Carol P. Whisky: A Discriminating Guide to Scotch Whiskies. Philadelphia
: Running Press, 1994.
Tannahill, Reay. Food in History. New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1989.
Taylor, Dale. The Writer’s Guide to Everyday Life in Colonial America from 1607–1783. Chicinnati, Ohio: Writer’s Digest Books, 1997.
NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES AND HISTORY, ETC.
Adams, Spencer Lionel. The Long House of the Iroquois. New York: AMS Press, 1978.
Cameron, Kate. Orenda: A Novel of the Iroquois Nation. New York: Random House, Inc., 1991.
Demos, John. The Unredeemed Captive: A Family Story from Early America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1994.
Doane, Locke Nancy. Indian Doctor. Nancy Locke Doane, 1980.
Fenton, William Nelson. Contacts Between Iroquois Herbalism and Colonial Medicine. Seattle: Shorey Book Store, 1971.
Goodchild, Peter. The Raven Tales. Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 1991.
Hale, Haraito. The Iroquois Book of Rites. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963.
Hughes, Thomas. History of the Society of Jesus in North America, Colonial and Federal. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1907.
Hutchens, Alma R. Indian Herbalogy of North America. Boston: Shambala, 1991.
Johnson, Elias. Legends, Traditions, and Laws of the Iroquois, or Six Nations, and History of the Tuscarora Indians. New York: AMS Press, 1978.
Kate, Maggie, ed. North American Indian Motifs. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, Inc., 1996.
Kelsay, Isabel Thompson. Joseph Brant, 1743–1807, Man of Two Worlds. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1984.
Maracle, David Kanatawakhow. One Thousand Useful Mohawk Words. Guilford, Conn.: Audio-Forum, a division of Jeffrey Norton Publishers, 1992.
Morgan, Lewis Henry. League of the Ho-de-no-sau-nee, or Iroquois, Vol. II. New Haven: Reprinted by Human Relations Area Files, 1954.
Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe. Notes on the Iroquois: Or, Contributions to the Statistics, Aboriginal History, Antiquities and General Ethnology of Western New York. New York: Bartlett & Welford, 1846.
Thorn, James Alexander. Panther in the Sky. New York: Ballantine Books, 1990.
Van Horn, Elizabeth; Geno Paesano, ed. Iroquois Silver Brooches (as-ne-as-ga) in the Rochester Museum Rochester, N.Y.: Rochester Museum and Science Center, 1971.
Weaver, Sally M. Medicine and Politics Among the Grand River Iroquois; a Study of the Nonconservatives. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1972.
Wilson, Edmond. Apologies to the Iroquois. With a Study of the Mohawks in High Steel by Joseph Mitchell. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1960.
Wolf, Joan. Daughter of the Red Deer. New York: Penguin Books, 1992.
RATHER ODD BOOKS
Andrews, William. Old Time Punishments. Williamstown, Mass.: Corner House Publishers, 1985.
Cohen, Daniel. The Encyclopedia of Monsters. New York: Dorset Press, a division of Marlboro Books Corporation, 1982.
Cooper, William M. An Illustrated History of The Rod. Ware, Herfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 1988.
Earle, Alice Morse. Curious Punishments of By Gone Days. Bedford, Mass.: Applewood Books, 1995.
Medieval Punishment: Torture and Executions in Europe, 1100–1600, How It Was Done, Why It Was Done. Lifkin, Tx.: The Gutenberg Press, 1994.
Rossi, William A. The Sex Life of the Foot and Shoe. Herfordshire, England: Wordsworth Editions Ltd., 1989.
Swain, John. The Pleasures of the Torture Chamber. New York: Dorset Press, division of Barnes & Noble, Inc., 1995.
MISCELLANEOUS
The New York Public Library Desk Reference Collection of the Most Frequently Sought Information. New York: The Stonesong Press, Inc.
Atkinson, R.J.C. Stonehenge New York: Penguin Books, 1990.
Boyne, William. A Manual of Roman Coins; From the Earliest Period of the Extinction of the Empire; with Rarity Guide & 22 Plates. Chicago: Ammon Press, 1968.
Gallatin, Albert. Syracusan Dekadrachms of the Euainetos Type. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1930.
Grasse, Pierre P. ed. Lascaux en Périgord Noir: Environment, Art Parietal et Conservation. Périgueux: P Fanlac, 1982.
Hawking, Stephen W. A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes. New York: Bantam Books, 1988.
Hawkins, Gerald S. et al. Stonehenge Decoded. New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc., 1965.
Macvey, John W. Time Travel. Chelsea, Mich.: Scarborough House/Publishers, 1990.
APPENDIX I
ERRATA
I shot an error in the air,
It fell to earth I knew not where,
Until some people wrote to tell
Me where on earth my error fell.
A few of them in rage profound
Berated me on my home ground.
While others of a kinder bent
Politely questioned my intent.
But most were fans who wrote to say
They loved my books, though by the way,
That whizzing error split their clout
And I’d be wise to cut it out.
(with thanks to the author,
Dr. Ellen Mandell, and apologies to
Robert Louis Stevenson)
Well, look—nobody’s perfect. Not me, not copy editors, not typesetters. Least of all, me. However, it’s my name on the front of the book. Some of the following corrections are simply typographical errors, some are not really errors but people think they are—and some really are mistakes. I doubt this list is comprehensive; it’s the nature of errors to hide and multiply, new ones emerging with each reading of a text. (I think they breed while the book is closed, hatching in the light of day every time you open the covers.)
Forthwith, corrections, explanations, and emendations—page references are to the U.S. paperback editions. My thanks to Elizabeth M. Phillips for her detailed comments, which were of great help.
OUTLANDER
Page 3: “1945”
Beginning date. Now, this is one of those errors that isn’t exactly an error, but then again… When we sold Outlander in the United States, it had a starting date of 1945 because when I looked briefly at a summary account of World War II (upon deciding that that’s where Claire came from), it gave 1945 as the official end of the war, and since World War II wasn’t the primary setting of the book (and since I wasn’t intending ever to show the thing to anybody anyway), I didn’t look deeply into its chronology. So, a year after selling the book to a U.S. publisher, we sold it in the U.K., whereupon I said (to the U.K. publisher), “For God’s sake, have a Scot read it before you publish it; I’ve never actually been there!”
Reay Tannahill, a Scot, a historian and a fine historical novelist herself, kindly read the manuscript and sent me a number of small notes and corrections, all of which I incorporated into the galley proofs of Outlander—with one exception.
Reay told me that 1946 would be much more accurate, in terms of the postwar conditions I described, since rationing, etc., was still the norm in Britain in 1945. However, the American publisher didn’t want to change the beginning date since this would require re-copyediting the entire manuscript to make sure all the dates were coherent, and publication was imminent. “Besides,” they added, “nobody in the States will know the difference.” (They were largely, if not entirely, correct in this supposition, by the way.)
However, in the interest of accuracy—and because it later caused another and more significant error in the chronology of Dragonfly in Amber—the beginning date should really be 1946, instead of 1945.
Page 6: Claire refers to Frank’s “great-great-great-great-grandfather,” while Jack Randall is elsewhere mentioned as Frank’s “six-times great-grandfather.” I would assume that Claire, having little or no interest (at this point) in the finer details of genealogy, is not bothering about precision.
Page 28/29: Frank and the Reverend announce to Claire their finding of “news” regarding Jack Randall, which Claire calculates—from the appearance of the papers on the desk, as dating from “around 1750.” If Jack Randall died in 1746,
he couldn’t have been “harassing the countryside” in 1750. And since he was newly arrived as commander at Ft. William when Jamie was flogged in October 1739, the date Claire gives should probably be 1740. On the other hand, Claire is no antiquarian and has no knowledge of Randall’s history—so I would myself think an eyeball estimate with a ten-year standard deviation is pretty good.
Page 62: “lobsterbacks”
This term was indeed used to describe English soldiers—but not in Scotland. It was in common use some years later, during the American Revolution, but probably was not current for the Scottish Highlands in 1743.
Page 105: The Selkirk Grace
The prayer young Hamish speaks is actually a well-known piece, called “The Selkirk Grace.” It is an authentic bit of Scottish culture; however, it was written by (or at least attributed to) Robert Burns—who unfortunately wasn’t born yet in 1743.
The inclusion of this prayer was something of an ironic accident; I originally came across it in a collection of multicultural children’s poetry, where it was titled simply “Scottish prayer” and attributed to our old friend Anonymous. I would likely have recognized it, nonetheless—save that I was assiduously avoiding reading the works of Robert Burns because I knew that he wasn’t extant in the time period I was dealing with—and I wanted to avoid accidentally using this material anachronistically. Ironic, as I say.
A year or so ago, I met with Dr. Sheila Brock, curator of the new Museum of Scotland. Hearing that she was about to embark on Cross Stitch, I warned her (in some alarm) that there were in fact a few errors here or there (for example, the substitution of the innocuous if silly “sock knife” for the Gaelic term sgian dhu, and the Selkirk Grace).
Dr. Brock laughed, and said, “Well, you know, the Selkirk Grace is only attributed to
Burns; there’s no actual proof he wrote it. I should think your best defense is to claim that Burns might have taken it from an existing bit of folk verse.” That seemed good advice to me, so I’m sticking with it.