Burma, 209
Burma Road, 134–35
Burnham Park, 115
Burns, Prudence, 125, 126, 127–28, 129
Burnside, Vi, 213–14, 216
Burrell, Lowell, 129
Burrell, Rose, 24–25
Burton, Katherine, 148
Burtos, Flossie, 18
buses/busing, 3, 55, 75, 142–43
Butler, Toby, 231
CAA (Civil Aeronautics Authority), 27, 29
California Eagle (newspaper), 33
Calloway, Thelma, 119–20, 123, 130
Campbell, Vera, 90, 91, 99
Camp Shanks, 206
camp shows, 205–12, 215–17
CAP (Civil Air Patrol), 30
Carlisle, Una Mae, 206
Carpenter, Hattie, 18
Carrol, Montrose, 203
Carter, Mildred, 91
Caserne Tallandier, 113
Cato, Minto, 218–19
Cayton, Irma, 105, 163
Chez Florence, 209
Chicago Coliseum protest, 52–53
Chicago Daily Tribune, 29
Chicago Defender (newspaper), 34
Chumley, Ruth, 63
Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA), 27, 29
Civil Air Patrol (CAP), 30
civilian defense groups, 144–52
civilian industries, 22
Civilian Pilot Training Program (CPTP), 28
Civil Rights Act, 3, 235–36
Clarke, Marie K., 175–76, 192
Clarke, Thurmond, 202
clubmobiles, 178–79, 186, 188
Club Papua, 184
Club Paradise, 185
Coast Guard, 118
Coffee, Sherman, 172
Coffey, Cornelius, 28
Coffey School of Aeronautics, 28, 29–30
Cole, Jonathan, 163
Coleman, Burneda, 12–13
Combre, Hattie, 12–13
Committee on Civilian Defense, 146
Concert Time USO tour, 208
Congress of Industrial
Organizations (CIO), 24
Congress on Racial Equality (CORE), 237
conservation efforts, 168–70
Constitution Hall, 231–32
Consumer Information Service, 147–48
Consumers’ Pledge for Total Defense, 171
Cooper, Gladys, 207
Coppin, Elizabeth, 188
Cornell, Ann, 206
Cosmos (Red Cross club), 82
Cotright, Willie Mae, 20–21
covenants, 115, 201–2
Cox, Elestia, 135, 136
Cox, Nola “Kitty,” 184, 185
CPTP (Civilian Pilot Training Program), 28
Cron, Roz, 214
Culpepper, Geneva, 125, 128
Currie, Fannie, 22–23
Dailey, Phyllis Mae, 77–78
Daniels, Cleopatra, 91, 92
Daniels, Eula, 105
Darlings of Rhythm, 231
Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), 3, 231–33
Davis, Bette, 199
Davis, Ellise, 192
Davis, Lois Mae “Peaches,” 35
Davis, Madine H., 135
Davis, Tiny, 213–14, 216
Dawson Creek, British Columbia, 181
“Debits and Credits” column (Lane), 238
defense contracts, 5, 9, 43–44, 48
Defense Councils, 144
defense plants, 5–6, 10–11, 18–19, 48–49
Defreese, Hulda, 107–8
Des Moines, Iowa, 97
Dewey, Thomas E., 68
direct action, 50–51, 53, 54
distribution centers, 137–39
“Dixie Invades Britain” (Ottley), 180
Doctor Carver Club, 183
Dodd, Roberta, 225–26
domestic workers, 6–7, 10–11, 24–25, 83–86
Domestic Workers Alliance, 25
Donaldson, Natalie, 105
Dorsey, Jeannette C., 189, 189
Double V campaign, 62–63
Double Victory Girls Club, 63
draft, of nurses, 76
draft, military, 44
Duvall, Hattie, 56, 60
Dyson, Geraldine, 187
Eaton, Rebecca, 25
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 210–11
Eldridge, S. T., 52
Eleanor Clubs, 83–86
Elliott, Rose, 135
entertainers, war efforts, 197–98, 234
Espadron, Lolita, 191
Europe, respect for blacks in, 217
Evans, Bessie, 125
Evans, Dale, 199
Executive Order 8802, 9, 13–14, 48–49
factories, 5–6, 10–11, 18–19, 48–49
factory workers
civilian industries, 22–23
job security, 25–26, 70
labor shortages, 5, 7
labor unions, 24–25
racial discrimination, 5–6, 8, 9, 11–18
recruitment of women, 7, 8–9
training programs, 9–10, 11, 16
wages, 7, 10–11
work conditions, 18–20, 21–23
Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC), 9, 14, 48, 64
farmers/farming, 122–23, 171–72
Fat Salvage Committee, 169
Fauset, Crystal Bird, 67–69
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 85
Federal Council on Negro Affairs, 71–72
Ferguson, Lessie, 101–2
Fisher, Bernice, 59
Fisher, Thelma, 125
Fitzgerald, Ella, 205
Fleming, Maggie, 160
Florence, Arizona, 137–39
Foister, Daryle, 125, 135, 137, 238
Food for Freedom program, 171
food production, 171–72
Fort Des Moines, 93, 228
Fort Huachuca, Arizona, 27, 104–5, 106, 107, 160
four freedoms, 43, 45, 62
Foxhole Circuit, 206
Freeman, Susan E., 121, 124
Fuller, Jacquelyn, 111
Fuller, Winona, 111
Furlowe, Gertrude, 180
Gable, Clark, 199
Gadsden, Maude, 148
Gant, Florie E., 133
gardening, 122–23
Gardiner General Hospital, 115
Gardner, Julie, 206–7
garment industry, 24
Garrett, Lula Jones, 32
gender discrimination, 8, 103
gender roles, 1–2, 6–7, 8, 34–35, 72
German prisoners, 137–39
Gill, Roby, 122, 123, 130
Glass, Agnes B., 135
Glover, Rosemae, 135, 136
Goering, Hermann, 211
Gowby, Sybil, 188
Gowdy, Myrtle, 106
Grand Hotel, 216
Grant, Thelma, 60
Grayson, Wilnet, 107
greatest generation, 2
Green, Cora, 208
Green, Ernest, 40–41
Green, Leola M., 122
Green, Norma, 75
Greer, Hazel, 102
Greer, Mazel, 102
Grimes, Chinkie, 160
Gunter, Patricia, 101
Hamilton, Joan, 125, 128
Hammond, Velma, 116–17
Harlem American Women’s
Volunteer Service (AWVS), 158
Harris, Bernice, 208
Harris, Georgia, 106
Harris, Sarah, 35
Harrison, Vera, 105
Hart, Fannie, 125, 135, 137
Hedgeman, Anna Arnold, 64
Hobby, Oveta Culp, 88, 92
Hold Your Job clinics, 70
Holiday, Billie, 39
Hollywood, California, 199–200
Hollywood Victory Committee, 198–99, 200
Holmes, Geneva, 186
Holmes, Inez, 125, 126
Home Hospitality Committee, 182
Hoover, Gladys, 59
Hope, Lugenia Burns, 161
Ho
rne, Lena, 203–4
hotels, racial discrimination at, 195, 213
Hotel Touraine USO center, 168
housewives, 168–70
housing, 19, 81, 114–16, 201–2
Howard, Geneva, 188
Howard University, 56–57
Huggar, Bernice, 113–14
Hughes, Ernestine, 106
Hunter, Alberta, 209–12
Hunter, Aller, 21
Hunter, Irene, 63
Hunter, Jane Edna, 76
Hunter, Patsy, 160
Illinois Central Railroad, 22–23
“In a Man’s World” (Briggs), 34–35
International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union, 24
International Sweethearts of
Rhythm, 212–17, 231
“Interracial War Bond Rally,” 201
Ivory, Gertrude, 124
Jackson, Alfonso, 149–50
Jackson, Dorothy, 149–50
Jackson, Juanita, 35
Jackson, Lillie M., 66
Jackson, Priscilla, 59
Jacobs, Bernice, 116–17
James, Ruth L., 112
“James Parker Blues” (Calloway), 119–20
Japanese American detainees, 80
Jarboro, Caterina, 207–8
Jarrett, Bessie Mae, 93
Jarrett, Carol, 177–78, 180
Jefferson, Althea, 116–17
Jim Crow laws, 213, 214, 231
job security, 25–26, 70
Joe Louis Service Guild, 155
Johnson, Alice, 82
Johnson, Ashley, 172
Johnson, Claretta, 13
Johnson, Cordelia Green, 54
Johnson, Dovey, 71, 91–92
Johnson, Faustina, 164–65
Johnson, Grace Nail, 161
Johnson, Sara B., 187
Johnson, Sara R., 182
Johnson, Thelma, 106
Johnson, Thomasina “Tommie” Walker, 72–73, 170
Johnson, Willie Lee, 82, 189, 189
Jones, Camille King, 179
Jones, Elnora, 125
Jones, Gabriel, 192
Jones, Grace Crump, 175
Jones, Helen, 213–14
Jones, Rae Lee, 231
journalists, 31–37
Jubilee radio show, 215
Kansas City Call (newspaper), 172
Kearney, Mary Frances, 92
Keep Shufflin’ USO tour, 205
Kelly, Ruby, 182–83
Kendrick, Margaret, 135
Kennedy, John F., 236
Keye, Alice, 160
Keyes, Evelyn, 205
King, Lula, 22
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 3, 236
Ku Klux Klan, 231
labor camps, 137
Labor Division of the War Production Board, 8–9
labor shortages, 7, 10–11, 76, 153
labor unions, 24–25, 42, 45
LaGuardia, F. H., 148, 150
Landrum, Anna, 125, 135, 137
Lane, Layle, 45–46, 47, 48, 51, 54, 238
Lang, Charlie, 40–41
Lang, Zola Mae, 122
Lathion, Polly, 135
Latimer, Magnolia, 177–78
Lawson, Senora B., 54
lawsuits
against AWVS, 161–62
against black homeowners, 202
against LSU nursing program, 238
against racial discrimination, 13–14, 236
against school segregation, 235
Leach, Marie, 188
Ledo Road, 134–35, 209
Lee, Hazel, 116–17
Lee, Inda DeVerne, 81–83, 237
Lee, Sandra, 207
Le Havre, France, 112
Lend-Lease Act, 43
Lesesne, Lillie L., 135
Le Vine, Lillian, 170–71
Lewis, Ann, 206–7
Lewis, Cleomine, 116–17
Lewis, Dora, 148
Lewis, Mary, 105
Liberia, 121–25
“Liberia Blues, The” (Calloway), 123
Liberian Humane Order of African Redemption, 124
Ligon, Eloise, 82
“Lipstick” (Garrett), 32
lobbyists, black, 72
Logan, Betty, 206
Lombard, Carole, 199
London, England, 190
Lonewolf, Helen Chequita, 182
Los Angeles riots, 4
Louis, Marva, 154–55
Louisiana Amazon Guards, 223
Louisiana State University, 238
Lowther, Dolly, 147
Lucas, Olive, 135
lynchings, 39–41
Maddox, Pearl, 60–61
Madison Square Garden protest, 51–52
malaria, 121, 123–24
Mallory, Arenia, 162–63
Manley, Norma, 184
Marchesi, Blanche, 226
March on Annapolis, 65–67
March on Washington, 42, 45–48, 49, 237
March on Washington Movement (MOWM), 50, 52–54
Marine Corps, 44, 118
Martin, C. Gladys, 177–78, 186
Mary Mahoney Award, 124
Mathews, Claudia, 125
Maxwell, Chrystalee, 123
Maxwell, Doris, 113
Mayers, Marjorie, 125, 128
Mayo, Lucille, 106
McAdory, Mildred, 141, 192
McAllister, Lucille, 180, 186
McAlpine, Alice, 227
McDaniel, Hattie, 198, 199–203
McDuffie, J. Pericles, 190
McGee, Evelyn, 213–14
McGuire, Jack, 207
McKreever, Lawrence, 128
McNeal, Thelma, 53
McNeely, Eloise, 113–14
Metropolitan Council of Negro Women, 147
Mighty Seventh War Bond Drive, 229
military police, 113
Miller, Louise, 125, 129–30, 140
Miller, Taps, 210
Miller, Viola, 188
“Million Dollar War Bond Show,” 197
Mitchell, Juanita Jackson, 65, 66–67, 236
Monroe, Clara, 105
Monroe, Millie, 160
Montgomery, Bernard, 210–11
Montgomery, James, 189
Morrow, Juanita, 188
MOWM (March on Washington Movement), 50, 52–54
Murmansk Run, 224
Murray, Pauli, 54–56, 57
Myers, E. Pauline, 50–51, 53, 54, 237–38
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), 2
National Association of Colored
Graduate Nurses (NACGN), 74, 78, 124
National Association of Colored Women (NACW), 70
National Council of Negro Women (NCNW), 70
National Negro Airmen’s
Association of America, 27, 30
National Negro Congress, 25
National Non-Partisan Council on Public Affairs, 72
National Nurse Training Act, 73
National Youth Administration (NYA), 69
Navy Nurse Corps, 77–78
Navy Yards, 14
Neal, Grady, 133–34
Neal, Hazel, 133–34, 136, 137
Negro Committee for United Action to Defeat Hitler and Hitlerism, 149
Negro Employment and Training Branch, 8–9
Negro Nurses in the War conference, 76
Negro Red Cross Nurse’s Aide Corps, 175
Negro USO Clubs, 166–67
“Negro Women War Workers” bulletin, 37–38
neighborhood associations, 114–16, 201–2
Newman, Frank, 183
Newman, James, 183
New Orleans, Louisiana, 151
Newson, Mary, 20
newspapers, 31–37
New York Amsterdam News, 1
19th Amendment, 2
nonviolence, 50–51, 53, 54
Non-Violent, Good Will, Direct Action campaign, 53–54
Non-Violent, Good Will, Direct Action (Myers), 50
/>
Norford, Thomasina Walker Johnson, 1–2
nurse aides, 152–53, 175–77
nurses
in Australia, 125–28, 127
in CBI theater, 133–37
civilian, 79–81
in Europe, 130–32
in Florence, Arizona, 137–39, 138
in Liberia, 118–25, 120
in military, 73–78, 118, 131, 139–40
in Philippines, 129
shortages, 76, 153
training programs, 73, 75, 80, 238
NYA (National Youth Administration), 69
Obama, Barack, 235
Obama, Michelle, 235
O’Bryant, Essie Dell, 102, 111–12
O’Bryant, Ida Susie, 102
O’Bryant, Tessie Theresa, 102, 111–12
O’Connor, Sandra Day, 3–4
O’Conor, Herbert R., 65, 66–67
Office of Civilian Defense (OCD), 67–68, 144–49, 150–51, 152
Office of Price Administration (OPA), 169
Office of War Information, 7
Oliver, Glennye, 106
“On the Sidewalk” (Bass), 33
Original Illinois Housewives Association, 170–71
Osby, Mildred, 91
Ottley, Vincent Lushington “Roi,” 179, 180
Outlaw, Grace, 183
Pace, Marie Harding, 60
pamphlets, 8, 50
Parker, Mary, 184
Parks, Rosa, 3, 236
Paterson, Jewell, 122
Payne, Ethel, 52, 53, 63–64
Payne, Hazel Dixon, 181–82, 193
Pembrook, Dollie, 207
Pennsylvania House of Representatives, 67
Pettiford, Ruth, 148
Petty, Mary L., 130
Philippines, 129
Phillips, Bettye Murphy, 35–37, 36
Pickens, Harriet Ida, 117
Pierce, Ora, 137–38, 139
Pinkett, Flaxie, 170
Pitts, Lucia, 113–14
Pittsburgh Courier (newspaper), 62, 126, 133, 184
Pius, Ruth, 188
Plenty Potent USO tour, 208
point-rationing system, 147, 169–70
police brutality, 65, 66, 142–43
pools, 82
Postal Directory Service, 110, 111–14, 112
Powell, Gladys, 188
Pratt, Thelma, 186
prisoner of war hospitals, 131–32, 137–39
protests
against discrimination, 51–54
of Lend-Lease Act, 43
March on Annapolis, 65–67
March on Washington, 42, 45–48, 49, 237
restaurant sit-ins, 56–62
racial discrimination. See also racism; segregation
in AWVS, 161–62
at Boston USO center, 167–68
in CAP, 30–31
in civilian defense groups, 146, 149–52
covenants, 114–16, 201–2
damage to war effort, 41, 86
by DAR, 3, 231–33
in government agencies, 64
government programs, 14, 48–49
in hospitals, 75, 80–81, 115, 176–77
in hotels, 195, 213
in job market, 3, 5–8, 9, 11–16, 44
laws against, 3, 44, 150, 235–36
in military, 28, 44–45, 50, 140
against nurses, 73–75, 76–77, 79–81
prevalence of, 140, 192, 195, 234
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