A Forger's Progress

by Alasdair McGregor

  12 Richard Macey,‘The colonial fort that never was’, Sydney Morning Herald, 21 October 2008.

  13 Wentworth, A Statistical, Historical, and Political Description of the Colony, p. 46.

  14 Cureton’s evidence, 24 January 1821, ML, BT 1, pp. 411–13.

  15 Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 68.

  16 Kitchen to Bigge, 13 August 1821, ML, BT 27, p. 6447. The Dawes Point Battery fired the daily noon gun by which ships in port set their chronometers.

  17 Kitchen to Bigge, 29 January 1821, ML, BT 26, pp. 5955–56.

  18 Wentworth, A Statistical, Historical, and Political Description of the Colony, p. 47.

  19 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 28 April 1825.

  20 Macquarie memorandum, 4 July 1817, ML, A 1451, pp. 1–2.

  21 Macquarie to Bathurst, 12 December 1817, HRA, series 1, vol. 9, p. 720.

  22 Macquarie journal, 25 June 1818, ML, A 773, p. 167.

  23 Macquarie memoranda, 28 September 1819, ML, A 772, pp. 145–46.

  24 Macquarie journal, 27 December 1819, ML, A 774, p. 88.

  25 Greenway to Druitt, 25 December 1819, ML, BT 27, p. 6500.

  26 Macquarie memoranda, 23 November 1820, ML, A 772, p. 150.

  27 Kitchen to Bigge, 29 January 1821, ML, BT 26, pp. 5953–54.

  28 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 28 April 1825.

  29 Bigge, Report on … Agriculture and Trade in … New South Wales, p. 102.

  18 ‘… an idea of grandeur’

  1 Karskens, The Colony, p. 76.

  2 Macquarie, ‘Government and General Orders’, Sydney Gazette, 1 May 1819.

  3 Macquarie, ‘Government and General Orders’, Sydney Gazette, 1 May 1819.

  4 Macquarie to Bathurst, 28 April 1814, HRA, series 1, vol. 8, p. 153; Macquarie, ‘Schedule & List of Public Buildings …’, 1 January 1817, CSC, 4/1737, pp. 14–17.

  5 Macquarie memorandum, 28 March 1817, ML, A 773, p. 93.

  6 Macquarie to Bathurst, 12 December 1817, HRA, series 1, vol. 9, p. 720.

  7 Historic Houses Trust, ‘Hyde Park Barracks Management Plan’, , p. 16.

  8 Macquarie journal, 4 June 1819, ML, A 774, pp. 47–48.

  9 Macquarie, ‘Remarks on a Letter … addressed by Francis Greenway of 25 January 1822’, 10 February 1822, CSC, 4/1752, p. 76.

  10 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 116.

  11 ‘From an architectural correspondent’, Sydney Gazette, 29 April 1826.

  12 At a glimpse or a glance.

  13 Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 56.

  14 Bigge, Report … into the State of the Colony of New South Wales, p. 22.

  15 Sydney’s population in 1820 was around 12 000.

  16 Johnson, Shaping Sydney, p. 95.

  17 ‘Replanning Macquarie Street’, Sydney Morning Herald, 6 April 1940.

  18 John B. Steel, ‘Old buildings’, Sydney Morning Herald, 28 April 1947.

  19 William Hardy Wilson, quoted in Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 190.

  20 Ida Leeson, ‘Macquarie Street’, Sydney Morning Herald, 18 June 1935.

  21 Historic Houses Trust, ‘Hyde Park Barracks Management Plan’, p. 6.

  22 GD Blaxland, ‘Old buildings in Sydney: historical value, Sydney Morning Herald, 11 April 1947.

  19 Walls of spite

  1 Joseph Harpur, St Matthew’s parish clerk, quoted in James Steele, Early Days of Windsor N.S. Wales, .

  2 Steele, Early Days of Windsor N.S. Wales.

  3 Macquarie, ‘List of essentially necessary Public Buildings required [and] yet to be erected etc. etc.’, 1 January 1817, CSC, 4/1737, pp. 14–16.

  4 Macquarie journal, 11 October 1817, ML, A 772, p. 120.

  5 Harpur, quoted in Steele, Early Days of Windsor N.S. Wales, p. 72.

  6 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 91.

  7 Gill’s evidence, 28 December 1821, ML, BT 1, pp. 546–47.

  8 Gill’s evidence, 28 December 1821, ML, BT 1, p. 547.

  9 Gill’s evidence, 28 December 1821, ML, BT 1, p. 547.

  10 Gill’s evidence, 28 December 1821, ML, BT 1, p. 547–48.

  11 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 10 March 1825.

  12 Campbell to Smith, Legg, Jones and Stone, CSC, 4/3498, pp. 300–301.

  13 Smith, Legg, Jones and Stone to Macquarie, 29 July 1818, CSC, 4/1740.

  14 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 10 March 1825.

  15 Ellis points out that the ‘only record of a grant of land to Kitchen concerns 840 acres granted in the Minto district on 17th August 1819 – a year after the report of the [St Matthew’s] Committee was made (Ellis, Francis Greenway, ch. X, n. 14, p. 212).

  16 Cox and Piper to Campbell, 4 September 1818, CSC, 4/1740, pp. 287–88.

  17 Kitchen to Bigge, 22 August 1821, ML, BT 27, pp. 6455–56.

  18 Kitchen to Bigge, 22 August 1821, ML, BT 27, pp. 6455–56.

  19 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 31 March 1825.

  20 Macquarie journal, 8 September 1820, ML, A 774, pp. 156–57.

  21 Harpur, quoted in Steele, Early Days of Windsor N.S. Wales, p. 73.

  22 Marsden to Bigge, 29 January 1822, ML, BT 27, p. 691.

  23 SL Harris to Sir Thomas Brisbane, quoted in Steele, Early Days of Windsor N.S. Wales, p. 76.

  24 Penny Russell (ed.), This Errant Lady: Jane Franklin’s Overland Journey to Port Phillip and Sydney, 1839, p. 170.

  25 Morton Herman, Early Australian Architects and Their Work, p. 50.

  26 JM Freeland, Architecture in Australia: A History, pp. 38–39.

  27 William Hardy Wilson, quoted in Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 190.

  28 Macquarie journal, 6 November 1810, ML, A 778, pp. 2–3.

  29 Macquarie to Bathurst, 4 April 1817, HRA, series 1, vol. 9, p. 353.

  30 Sydney Gazette, 24 May and 12 July 1817; Macquarie journal, 6 January 1818, ML, A 773, p. 172.

  31 Macquarie journal, 7 April 1818, ML, A 773, p. 153.

  32 Greenway to Macquarie, 11 May 1818, CSC, 4/1740, p. 205.

  33 Greenway to Macquarie, 11 May 1818, CSC, 4/1740, p. 205.

  34 Greenway to Lucas, 10 April 1818, CSC, 4/1740, p. 207.

  35 Greenway to Macquarie, 11 May 1818, CSC, 4/1740, p. 205.

  36 Smith to the editor, Australian, 21 July 1825.

  37 Macquarie journal, 3 December 1820, ML, A 774, p. 180.

  38 Marsden to Bigge, 17 January 1822, ML, BT 27, p. 6510.

  20 Feeding body and soul

  1 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 46.

  2 ‘An Antiquarian’ (Greenway) to the editor, Australian, 4 November 1836.

  3 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 17 February 1825.

  4 Bigge to Bathurst, 24 August 1820, ML, BT 24, p. 4956. The first stone church in Sydney, St Philip’s, was built on what is now Lang Park. It replaced a wattle-and-daub structure on the corner of Bligh and Hunter streets that dated from 1793. St Philip’s sported a round clock tower and was described as the ‘ugliest church in Christendom’ (see chapter 7).

  5 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 17 February 1825.

  6 Bigge to Macquarie, 31 March 1820, ML, BT 24, pp. 4960–64.

  7 Bigge to Macquarie, 6 June 1820, ML, BT 24, pp. 4966–72.

  8 ‘An Antiquarian’ (Greenway) to the editor, Australian, 4 November 1836.

  9 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 7 July 1837.

  10 Bigge to Greenway, 24 September 1820, CSC, 4/1752, pp. 17–17c.

  11 Sydney Gazette, 29 September 1810.

  12 Sydney Gazette, 20 October 1810 (original emphasis).

  13 Macquarie memorandum, 28 September 1820, ML, A 772, p. 147.

  14 Macquarie memorandum, 23 November 1820, ML, A 772, p. 151.

  15 Greenway to Ovens, November 1822, CSC, 9/2653.

  21 Fragments of a plan

  1 Macquarie journal, 7 October 1819, ML, A 773, p. 71.

  2 Greenway to
the editor, Australian, 17 February 1825.

  3 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 17 February 1825. Greenway’s Temple of Minerva with ‘six Ionic pillars’ was most likely the Temple of Athena Parthenon on the Acropolis in Athens. It was sometimes described with a preference for the Roman goddess in reference works of Greenway’s era. The Romans equated their goddess Minerva with the Greeks’ Athena.

  4 Bigge to Bathurst, 24 August 1820, ML, BT 24 p. 4957.

  5 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 17 February 1825.

  6 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 121.

  7 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 121.

  8 Ross Border, Scott, ‘Thomas Hobbes (1783–1860)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, .

  9 Bigge to Bathurst, 24 August 1820, ML, BT 24, p. 4957.

  10 Bigge, Report … into the State of the Colony of New South Wales.

  11 Macquarie journal, 22 March 1820, ML, A 774, p. 115.

  12 Macquarie memorandum, 28 September 1820, ML, A 772, p. 147.

  13 Macquarie memorandum, 23 November 1820, ML, A 772, p. 149.

  14 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 17 February 1825.

  15 Hamlet, act V, scene i: Hamlet to Laertes.

  16 Bigge to Macquarie, 14 June 1820, ML, BT 24, pp. 4976–77.

  17 Macquarie memorandum, 23 November 1820, ML, A 772, p. 149.

  18 Kitchen to Bigge, 29 January 1821, ML, BT 26, p. 5938ff.

  19 Kitchen to Bigge, 30 June 1820, ML, BT 23, p. 4586.

  20 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 135.

  21 Marsden to Bigge, 29 January 1822, ML, BT 27, pp. 692–93.

  22 Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 72.

  23 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 158.

  24 Sydney Gazette, 1 July 1813.

  25 Sydney Gazette, 17 July 1813.

  26 Bathurst to Macquarie, 4 December 1815, HRA, series 1, vol. 8, p. 643.

  27 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 24 February 1825.

  28 Greenway to the editor, Sydney Gazette, 20 November 1823.

  29 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 159.

  30 Australian Almanack, 1835, pp. 224– 25.

  31 Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 74.

  32 Johnson, Shaping Sydney, p. 132.

  33 Australian, 19 May 1829; 1 Corinthians 13:1.

  34 Sydney Gazette, 30 October 1823.

  35 Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 74.

  36 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 24 February 1825.

  37 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 169.

  22 A ‘vile conspiracy’

  1 Hunter to William Cavendish-Bentinck, Duke of Portland, 3 July 1798, HRA, series 1, vol. 4, p. 586.

  2 Bigge, Report … into the State of the Colony of New South Wales.

  3 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 98.

  4 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 99.

  5 Macquarie to Liverpool, 17 November 1812, HRA, series 1, vol. 7, p. 614.

  6 Marsden to Macquarie, 9 April 1814, ML, BT 13, p. 767.

  7 Ellis, Lachlan Macquarie, p. 318.

  8 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 99.

  9 Marsden to Macquarie, 15 July 1815, ‘Appendix’, Report of the Select Committee on the State of Gaols, &c., p. 83.

  10 Bigge, Report … into the State of the Colony of New South Wales.

  11 Macquarie to Marsden, 20 July 1815, Appendix to the Report … on the State of Gaols, &c., pp. 83–84.

  12 Greenway to Gill, ‘Report on the State of the Parramatta Gaol and Factory’, 12 October 1816, ML, BT 20, pp. 3328–29.

  13 Greenway’s evidence, 23 January 1821, ML, BT 1, p. 391.

  14 Bennet, Letter to Lord Sidmouth, p. 112.

  15 Macquarie to Bathurst, 4 December 1817, ‘Appendix’, Report … on the State of Gaols, &c., p. 508.

  16 Bigge, Report … into the State of the Colony of New South Wales.

  17 Macquarie memorandum, 29 January 1818, ML, BT 20, p. 3327.

  18 Macquarie journal, ‘Wednesday 11 March 1817 [sic]’, ML, A 773, p. 145.

  19 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 100.

  20 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 10 March 1825.

  21 Greenway’s evidence, 23 January 1821, ML, BT 1, p. 391.

  22 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 10 March 1825.

  23 Australian Almanack, 1835, pp. 230–31.

  24 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 101.

  25 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 10 March 1825.

  26 Gwyneth Dow, ‘Terry, Samuel (1776–1838)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, .

  27 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 10 March 1825.

  28 Macquarie journal, 9 July 1818, ML, A 774, p. 1.

  29 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 10 March 1825.

  30 Greenway, ‘Report on Convict Labour’, ML, BT 20, p. 3239.

  31 Seven shillings equals 84d, which equates to 28 feet at a rate of 3d per foot.

  32 Greenway, ‘Report on Convict Labour’, ML, BT 20, p. 3242.

  33 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 10 March 1825.

  34 Greenway, ‘Report on Convict Labour’, ML, BT 20, p. 3244.

  35 Greenway, ‘Report on Convict Labour’, ML, BT 20, p. 3246.

  36 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 103.

  37 Bigge to Bathurst, 18 October 1819, ML, BT 17, p. 2968.

  38 Macquarie memorandum, 24 November 1820, ML, A 772, p. 152.

  39 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 10 March 1825.

  40 Macquarie journal, 1 February 1821, ML, A 774, p. 202.

  41 Kitchen to Bigge, ML, BT 26, p. 5952.

  42 Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 66.

  43 Kitchen to Bigge, ML, BT 26, p. 5952.

  23 ‘… for the sake of a numerous family’

  1 Macquarie to Bathurst, 24 August 1818, HRA, series 1, vol. 9, p. 833.

  2 Macquarie to Bathurst, 24 March 1819, HRA, series 1, vol. 10, p. 99.

  3 Bathurst to Macquarie, 27 March 1820, HRA, series 1, vol. 10, p. 301.

  4 Greenway to Druitt, 14 August 1819, ML, BT 19, pp. 2876–77.

  5 Greenway to Druitt, 14 August 1819, ML, BT 19, p. 2878.

  6 Macquarie to Greenway, 24 April 1820, CSC, 4/1744, pp. 326–27.

  7 Bigge, Report … into the State of the Colony of New South Wales, 1822, p. 31.

  8 Herman, Early Australian Architects and Their Work, p. 100.

  9 Greenway to Druitt, March 1819, ML, BT 18, p. 2491; ‘So I do still, by these pickers and stealers’, Hamlet, act III, scene ii.

  10 Kitchen to Bigge, 29 January 1821, ML, BT 26, p. 5938.

  11 Bigge, Report into … the State of the Colony of New South Wales, 1822, p. 31.

  12 Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 23.

  13 Macquarie, A Letter to the Right Honourable Viscount Sidmouth, p. 48.

  14 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 136.

  15 Bigge, Questions for Macquarie, ML, BT 11, p. 4470.

  16 Greenway, ‘To my dear sister’, 20 March 1821, Greenway papers, ML, A 1451, p. 383.

  17 Greenway to Macquarie, 10 October 1821 (copy), Greenway papers, ML, A 1451, p. 393.

  18 Greenway to Goulburn, 4 May 1822, ML, A 1451, p. 409.

  19 Greenway to Macquarie, 23 January 1822, CSC, 4/11752, pp. 73–73c.

  20 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 146.

  21 Greenway to Macquarie, 23 January 1822, CSC, 4/11752, p. 74.

  22 Macquarie, [Remarks on a letter dated 25 January 1822 … by Francis Howard Greenway], 10 February 1822, CSC, 4/1752, p. 75b.

  23 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 147.

  24 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 14 July 1825.

  25 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 148.

  26 Macquarie, [Remarks on a letter dated 25 January 1822 … by Francis Howard Greenway], 10 February 1822, CSC, 4/1752, p. 75b.

 
27 Macquarie to Brisbane, 16 June 1822, Macquarie letter book, ML, A 797, pp. 179–80, quoted in Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 25.

  28 Goulburn to Greenway, 1 May 1822, CSC, 4/305, pp. 228–30.

  29 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 158.

  30 Australian Almanack, 1835, quoted in Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 160.

  31 Goulburn to Greenway, 7 December 1821, CSC, 4/3504A, p. 135.

  32 See Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, pp. 86–87.

  33 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 165.

  34 Ovens to Goulburn, 1 November 1823, CSC, 4/1756, p. 76.

  24 From George Street to the ‘City of the World’

  1 Gill’s evidence, ML, BT 1, p. 542.

  2 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 10 March 1825; Greenway’s evidence, 23 January 1820, ML, BT 1, p. 383.

  3 Greenway’s evidence, ML, BT 1, p. 383.

  4 A surviving contract drawing with the notation ‘Sydney 24 December 1813. Approved’ and followed by Macquarie’s signature, shows that, chronologically at least, Mathew fits the bill.

  5 Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 59. The authors cite a design from Elizabeth Macquarie’s pattern book as a likely reference: Designs for Elegant Cottages and Small Villas by Edward Gyfford (J. Taylor, London, 1806).

  6 JT Campbell to Greenway, 5 July 1819, CSC, 4/3500, p. 167.

  7 Mathew to Bigge, 21 July 1820, ML, BT 1, p. 4807.

  8 Kitchen to Bigge, 29 January 1821, ML, BT 26, p. 5964

  9 Mathew to the colonial secretary, 17 and 27 September 1823, CSC, 4/1765, pp. 197–200.

  10 Mathew to the colonial secretary, 6 October – 5 November 1823, CSC, 4/1765, pp. 208–10.

  11 Herman, The Early Australian Architects and Their Work, p. 42.

  12 Kitchen to Bigge, 13 August 1821, ML, BT 27, p. 6449.

  13 A decorated rustic cottage, popular in late-18th- and early 19th-century England.

  14 Hambledon Cottage is the only remaining evidence of Kitchen’s work in Australia.

  15 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 17 February 1825.

  16 Kitchen to Bigge, 13 August 1821, ML, BT 27, p. 6450.

  17 Sydney Gazette, 19 April and 28 June 1822.

  18 Quoted in Epsom & Ewell Local & Family History Centre, ‘Henry Kitchen of Ewell’, .

  19 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 155; Sydney Gazette, 21 June 1822.

  20 Goulburn to Greenway, 15 November 1822, CSC, 4/3506, p. 451.

  21 Standish Lawrence Harris, Report and Estimate of Value of Improvements in the Public Buildings of Sydney, Parramatta, Windsor, Liverpool and Campbelltown, ML, C225 and C226.