24 National Sleep Foundation, “2014 Sleep in America Poll Finds Children Sleep Better When Parents Establish Rules, Limit Technology, and Set a Good Example” (2014, March 3). Retrieved June 17,2014, from National Sleep Foundation: http://sleepfoundation.org/media-center/press-release/national-sleep-foundation-2014-sleep-america-poll-finds-children-sleep.
25 Paton, G. (2014, April 15). “Infants ‘Unable to Use Toy Building Blocks’ Due to iPad Addiction.” Retrieved April 15, 2014, from the Telegraph: www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/10767878/Infants-unable-to-use-toy-building-blocks-due-to-iPad-addiction.html.
26 Ahlstrom, M., Lundberg, N.R., Zabriskie, R., Eggett, D., and Lindsay, G.B. (2012). “Me, My Spouse, and My Avatar: The Relationship between Marital Satisfaction and Playing Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs),” Journal of Leisure Research, 44(1). Retrieved June 20, 2014, from http://js.sagamorepub.com/jlr/article/view/2507.
27 (1982, September 10). “Marriage Vows May Conquer Space Invaders,” Reuters, San Francisco Chronicle.
28 Liu, M. (2008, October 19). “Former ‘Game Widow’ Shares Her Heartache and How She Got Her Husband Back.” Retrieved May 11, 2014, from the Seattle Times: http://seattletimes.com/html/living/2008275940_gamewidow19.html; also see the site www.gamewidow.com.
5 Becoming Obese
1 “Overweight and Obesity Rates for Adults by Gender,” 2010 (n.d.). Retrieved April 29, 2014, from Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation: http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/adult-overweight-obesity-rate-hy-gender/.
2 Ogden, C.L., Lamb, M.M., Carroll, M.D., and Flegal, K.M. (2010, December). Obesity and Socioeconomic Status in Adults: Unites States, 2005–2008. Retrieved June 5, 2014, from National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services: www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/dh50.pdf. p. 1.
3 “Adult Risk Factors: Obesity, Blood Sugar, Blood Pressure Data by Country” (2013). Retrieved May 30, 2014, from World Health Organization: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.NCD56?lang=en.
4 Painter, K. (2014, May 28). “The Whole World Has a Weight Problem, New Report Says.” Retrieved May 29, 2014, from USA Today: www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/05/28/world-obesity-report/9675267/.
5 Christeson, W., et al. (2012). Still Too Fat to Fight. Retrieved May 16, 2014, from Mission: Readiness: http://missionreadiness.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/Still-Too-Fat-To-Fight-Report.pdf.
6 Christeson, W., et al. (2010). Too Fat to Fight. Retrieved May 16, 2014, from Mission: Readiness: www.missionreadiness.org/wp-content/uploads/MR_Too_Fat_to_Fight-11.pdf.
7 Ibid.
8 Crawford, P.B. (2007). “Key Partners Working Together to Stem Obesity Epidemic,” California Agriculture, 61(3). Retrieved May 16, 2014, from http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/repository/calag/fullissues/CAv061n03.pdf.
9 Ogden, C.L. (n.d.). Childhood Obesity in the United States: The Magnitude of the Problem. Retrieved May 16, 2014, from Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/pdf/gr-062010.pdf.
10 McMichael, W.H. (2009, November 3). “Most U.S. Youths Unfit to Serve, Data Show.” Retrieved May 15, 2014, from Army Times: www.armytimes.com/article/20091103/NEWS/911030311/Most-U-S-youths-unfit-serve-data-show.
11 Ibid.
12 Ogas, O. and Gaddam, S. (2011). A Billion Wicked Thoughts: What the World's Largest Experiment Reveals about Human Desire. New York, NY: Penguin Group (USA), Inc. p. 198.
13 Golokhov, D. (n.d.). “Weight Loss and Sex.” Retrieved December 31, 2011, from AskMen: www.askmen.com/daily/sex_tips_400/421_lose-weight-for-better-sex.html; and University of Buffalo study described in “Male Obesity Linked to Low Testosterone Levels, Study Shows.” (2010, May 5). Retrieved February 21, 2012, from Science Daily: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100503135659.htm.
14 Cabler S., Agarwal, A., Flint, M., and Du Plessis, S.S. (2010). “Obesity: Modern Man's Fertility Nemesis” Asian Journal of Andrology. 12, 480–489.
15 Fulton, A. (2010, May 4). “Some Teens Who Sleep Less Gain More Weight.” Retrieved January 10, 2012, from National Public Radio: www.npr.org/blogs/health/2010/05/some_teens_who_sleep_less_gain.html?ps=rs.
16 Ogden, C.L. (n.d.). Childhood Obesity in the United States: The Magnitude of the Problem. Retrieved May 16, 2014, from Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/pdf/gr-062010.pdf.
17 “Why People Become Overweight” (n.d.). Retrieved January 10, 2012, from Harvard Medical School: www.health.harvard.edu/newsweek/Why-people-become-overweight.htm.
18 Bellows, L. and Moore, R. (2013, March). “Childhood Overweight.” Retrieved June 27, 2014, from Colorado State University: www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09317.html.
6 Excessive Porn Use: Orgasms on Demand
1 Stein, J. (2014, May). “The Great Porn Hunt,” Playboy: Entertainment for Men, 61(4), 34.
2 Ogas, O. and Gaddam, S. (2011). A Billion Wicked Thoughts: What the World's Largest Experiment Reveals about Human Desire. New York, NY: Penguin Group (USA), Inc. pp. 6–7. Also see: Morley-Souter, P. (2007, June 25). “Rule 34: There Is Porn of It. No Exceptions,” Blogspot: http://rule34.blogspot.com/2007/06/first-post.html.
3 Mazléres, A., Trachman, M., Cointet, J., Coulmont, B., and Prieur, C. (2014, March 21). “Deep Tags: Toward a Quantitative Analysis of Online Pornography,” Porn Studies, 1(1–2). Retrieved June 27, 2014, from www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/W.W80/23268743.2014.888214?journalCode=rprn20#.U64XnF5tswI.
4 Ogas, O. and Gaddam, S. (2011). A Billion Wicked Thoughts: What the World's Largest Experiment Reveals about Human Desire. New York, NY: Penguin Group (USA), Inc. p. 8.
5 Ropelato, J. (n.d.). “Internet Pornography Statistics.” Retrieved November 17, 2011, from Top Ten Reviews, TechMediaNetwork: http://internet-filter-review.toptenreviews.com/internet-pornography-statistics.html.
6 “PornHub 2013 Year in Review” (2013, December 17). Retrieved June 25, 2014, from PornHub Insights: www.pornhub.com/insights/pornhub-2013-year-in-review/.
7 “Introducing the Future of Pornography Viewing: PornIQ.” (2013, October 5). Retrieved June 25, 2014, from PornHub Insights: www.pornhub.com/insights/introducing-the-future-of-pornography-viewing-porniq/.
8 Betkowski, B. (2007, March 2). “Study Finds Teen Boys Most Likely to Access Pornography.” Retrieved June 16, 2014, from University of Alberta: www.ualberta.ca/~publicas/folio/44/13/09.html.
9 Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes Report (2014, October). Retrieved November 17, 2014, from Ofcom: http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/media-literacy/media-use-attitudes-14/Childrens_2014_Report.pdf. p. 232.
10 Daily Mail Reporter (2011, April 22). “Young Men Watch TWO HOURS of Porn Online Each Week . . . and One in Three Have Missed a Deadline Because of It.” Retrieved June 16, 2014, from Daily Mail: www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1379464/Porn-Young-men-watch-2-HOURS-week-missed-deadline-it.html.
11 Note: After a 2002 Frontline program on porn, over 10,000 Americans took part in a survey about their personal porn use conducted by the Kinsey Institute (80 percent of participants were male, 31 percent were between twenty-one and thirty years old). Fifty-six percent of participants said they watched porn at least once a week and 19 percent said they watched at least once per day. See: “Do You Use Porn? A Survey from the Kinsey Institute.” (n.d). Retrieved August 29, 2015, from Frontline: www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/porn/etc/surveyres.html. In a 2014 Cosmopolitan of 4,000 men (61 percent below the age of thirty-five), 89 percent said they used porn daily or once every few days while just 11 percent said “not that often.” See: “How Men & Women Watch Porn.” (2014, February 20). Retrieved August 29, 2015, from Cosmopolitan: www.cosmopolitan.com/lifestyle/videos/a20835/how-you-watch-porn-survey/.
12 Note: 60 percen
t of PornHub visitors are Millenials. See: “Coming of Age: Millennials.” (2015, July 2). Retrieved August 26, 2015, from Pornhub Insights: www.pornhub.com/insights/millennials-demographics-statistics.
13 Ibid.
14 Daily Mail Reporter (2011, April 22). “Young Men Watch TWO HOURS of Porn Online Each Week . . . and One in Three Have Missed a Deadline Because of It.” Retrieved June 16, 2014, from Daily Mail: www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1379464/Porn-Young-men-watch-2-HOURS-week-missed-deadline-it.html.
15 Beyens, I., Vandenbosch, L., and Eggermont, S. (2015). “Early Adolescent Boys' Exposure to Internet Pornography: Relationships to Pubertal Timing, Sensation Seeking, and Academic Performance,” Journal of Early Adolescence (in-press). Retrieved September 29, 2014, from https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/458526.
16 Marshall, P. (2010, March 8). “Teenage Boys Watching Hours of Internet Pornography Every Week Are Treating Their Girlfriends Like Sex Objects.” Retrieved November 22, 2011, from Daily Mail: www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1255856/Teenage-boys-watching-hours-internet-pornography-week-treating-girfriends-like-sex-objects.html.
17 Trost, M. (2009, December 2). “Cindy Gallop: Make Love Not Porn.” Retrieved February 18, 2015, from TEDblog: http://blog.ted.com/2009/12/02/cindy-gallop_ma/.
18 Sanghani, R. (2013, September 30). “Teenage Boys Addicted to ‘Extreme’ Porn and Want Help.” Retrieved June 24, 2014, from the Telegraph: www.telegraph.co.uk/women/sex/better-sex-education/10339424/Teenage-boys-addicted-to-extreme-porn-and-want-help.html.
19 Morgan E.M. (2011). “Associations between Young Adults' Use of Sexually Explicit Materials and Their Sexual Preferences, Behaviors, and Satisfaction.” Journal of Sex Research. 48(6), 520–530.
20 Ibid.
21 Tylka T. (2015). “No Harm in Looking, Right? Men's Pornography Consumption, Body Image, and Well-Being.” Psychology of Men & Masculinity. 16(1), 97–107.
22 Sales, N. (2015, September). “Tinder and the Dawn of the ‘Dating Apocalypse.’” Retrieved August 26, 2015, from Vanity Fair: www.vanityfair.com/culture/2015/08/tinder-hook-up-culture-end-of-dating.
23 Ibid.
24 Gordon, E. (2014, July 29). “How Accepting The Hook-Up Culture Is Getting 20-Somethings Nowhere.” Retrieved August 26, 2015, from Elite Daily: http://elitedaily.com/dating/hookup-culture-non-relationship-generation-getting-nowhere/664654/.
25 500 Online Interviews amongst UK Adults Aged 18 (2014, June). Retrieved October 8, 2014, from Institute for Public Policy Research: www.ippr.org/assets/media/publications/attachments/OP4391-IPPR-Data-Tables.pdf.
26 “American Teens' Sexual and Reproductive Health.” (2014, May). Retrieved August 30, 2015, from the Guttmacher Institute: www.guttmacher.org/pubs/FB-ATSRH.html.
27 “Burnet Studies Shed Light on Sexual Behaviour of Teenagers.” (2014, October 9). Retrieved October 9, 2014, from Burnet Institute: www.burnet.edu.au/news/435_burnet_studies_shed_light_on_sexual_behaviour_of_teenagers.
28 Saletan, W. (n.d.). “The Ass Man Cometh.” Retrieved October 8, 2014, from Slate: www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/human_nature/2010/10/the_ass_man_cometh.html; also see Reece, M,. et al. (2010). Special Issue: Findings from the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behaviour (NSSHB), Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7(s5).
29 James, S.D. (2008, December 10). “Study Reports Anal Sex on Rise Among Teens.” Retrieved October 8, 2014, from ABC News: http://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=6428003.
30 Cates, J.R., Herndon, N.L., Schulz, S.L., and Darroch, J.E. (2004, February). Our Lives, Our Futures: Youth and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Retrieved July 22, 2014, from School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: http://joancates.web.unc.edu/files/2010/11/Our-Voices-Our-Lives-Our-Futures-Youth-and-Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases.pdf. p. 1.
7 High on Life, or High on Anything: Over-Reliance on Medications and Illegal Drugs
1 Sax, L. (2009). Boys Adrift: The Five Factors Driving the Growing Epidemic of Unmotivated Boys and Underachieving Young Men. New York, NY: Basic Books. p. 88.
2 Ibid. pp. 89–91.
3 Stern, P. (Director) (2006). Raising Cain: Boys in Focus [documentary]. United States: PBS Films. Note: Since 2010 in the US, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has allowed under-twenty-six-year-olds to remain on their parents' health insurance. The following year, nineteen- to twenty-five-year-olds were the only age group whose number of prescriptions increased. ADHD medications were 28 percent of all the newly prescribed medications for the group, followed by antidepressants, which made up 16 percent of new medications. See: “The Use of Medicines in the United States: Review of 2011” (2012, April). Retrieved May 30, 2014, from IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics: www.imshealth.com/ims/Global/Content/Insights/IMS%20Institute%20for%20Healthcare%20Informatics/IHII_Medicines_in_U.S_Report_2011.pdf. pp. 11–12, 29.
4 Note: Despite a national trend of increased marijuana consumption, the number of marijuana users has remained steady so far in Colorado, where it has been legalized. See: Scullum, J. (2014, July 10). “How Is Marijuana Legalization Going? The Price of Pot Peace Looks Like a Bargain.” Retrieved August 26, 2015, from Forbes: www.forbes.com/sites/jacobsullum/2014/07/10/how-is-marijuana-legalization-going-so-far-the-price-of-pot-peace-looks-like-a-bargain/. From 2006 to 2010, marijuana consumption increased an estimated 30 percent. See: Kilmer, B., et al. (2014). “What America's Users Spend on Illicit Drugs: 2000 through 2010.” Retrieved August 26, 2015, from RAND Corporation: www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR534.html.
5 Meserve, J. and Ahlers, M.M. (2009, May 14). “Marijuana Potency Surpasses 10 Percent, U.S. Says.” Retrieved November 22, 2011, from CNN: http://articles.cnn.com/2009-05-14/health/marijuana.potency_1_average-the-potent-marijuana-marijuana-users?_s=PM:HEALTH.
6 Briggs, B. (2015, March 23). “Colorado Marijuana Study Finds Legal Weed Contains Potent THC Levels.” Retrieved August 26, 2015, from NBC News: www.nbcnews.com/storyline/legal-pot/legal-weed-surprisingly-strong-dirty-tests-find-n327811.
7 Sterling, T. (2011, October 8). “Dutch Classify High-Potency Marijuana as Hard Drug.” Retrieved November 22, 2011, from SF Gate: www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/10/07/MNQO1LES53.DTL.
8 Ramaekers J.G., et al. (2006). “High-Potency Marijuana Impairs Executive Function and Inhibitory Motor Control,” Neuropsychopharmacology, 10, 2296–2303.
9 Johnston, L.D., O'Malley, P.M., Miech, R.A., Bachman, J.G., Schulenberg, J.E. (2015, February). “Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use: 1975–2014: Overview, Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use.” Retrieved September 4, 2015, from Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan: www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-overview2014.pdf. pp. 14, 63, 81; and “DrugFacts: K2/Spice (‘Synthetic Marijuana’).” (2012, December). Retrieved September 4, 2015, from National Institute on Drug Abuse: www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/k2spice-synthetic-marijuana.
10 Zimbardo, P.G. and Boyd, J. (2009). The Time Paradox: The New Psychology of Time That Will Change Your Life. New York, NY: Atria Books.
Part II
8 Rudderless Families, Absent Dads
1 Table 8. “Average Class Size for Public School Teachers in Elementary Schools, Secondary Schools, and Schools with Combined Grades, by Classroom Type and State: 2007–08” (n.d.). Retrieved June 30, 2014, from US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS): http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/tables/sass0708_2009324_t1s_08.asp.
2 Salcedo, A., Schoellman, T., and Tertilt, M. (2009, October). “Families as Roommates: Changes in U.S. Household Size from 1850 to 2000.” Retrieved February 21, 2012, from Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research: www.stanford.edu/group/siepr/cgi-bin/siepr/?q=system/files/shared/pubs/papers/pdf/09-01.pdf.
3 Szalavitz, M. and Perry, B.D. (2010). Born for Love: Why Empathy Is Essential—and Endangered. New York, NY: HarperCollins. p.
16.
4 Martin, J.A., Hamilton, B.E., Osterman, M.J., Curtin, S.C., and Mathews, T.J. (2013, December 30). “Births: Final Data for 2012.” Retrieved May 19, 2014, from National Vital Statistics Reports, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr62/nvsr62_09.pdf#table02.
5 Note: US birth rates by race for women under thirty—blacks: 73 percent; hispanics: 53 percent; whites: 29 percent. See: DeParle, J. and Tavernise, S. (2012, February 17). “For Women under 30, Most Births Occur outside Marriage.” Retrieved February 21, 2012, from the New York Times: www.nytimes.com/2012/02/18/us/for-women-under-30-most-births-occur-outside-marriage.html.
6 Cribb, R. (2011, November 25). “The Grim Evidence That Men Have Fallen behind Women.” Retrieved November 26, 2011, from Toronto Star: www.thestar.com/life/2011/11/25/rob_cribb_the_grim_evidence_that_men_have_fallen_behind_women.html.
7 Lawlor, J. (1987, August 17). “The Time Crunch; Poll: We Zoom through Life in Fast Forward,” USA Today, p. 1A.
8 Saad, L. (2013, December 26). “Most U.S. Families Still Routinely Dine Together at Home.” Retrieved July 26, 2014, from Gallup: www.gallup.com/poll/166628/families-routinely-dine-together-home.aspx.
9 “The Importance of Family Dinners VII.” (2011, September). Retrieved November 22, 2011, from the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University: www.casacolumbia.org/upload/2011/2011922familydinnersVII.pdf Figure 1.A., 2.A.
10 Shteynberg, C. (2009, June 16). “How Many Stamps Does It Take to Mail a Baby?” Retrieved May 11,2014, from Smithsonian Institution Archives: http://siarchives.si.edu/blog/how-many-stamps-does-it-take-mail-baby.
11 Retrieved June 9, 2014, from NannyCam: www.nannycam.com/.
12 For 1960, Larsen, C.A. (2013). The Rise and Fall of Social Cohesion: The Construction and De-construction of Social Trust in the US, UK, Sweden, and Denmark. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 12; and for 2009, Hampton, K., Goulet, L.S., Rainie, L., and Purcell, K. (2011, June 16). “Part 4: Trust, Support, Perspective Taking, and Democratic Engagement.” Retrieved October 10, 2014, from Pew Research Center: www.pewinternet.org/2011/06/16/part-4-trust-support-perspective-taking-and-democratic-engagement/.
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