8 Fry, R. and Taylor, R. (2013, April 23). “A Rise in Wealth for the Wealthy; Declines for the Lower 93%.” Retrieved September 6, 2015, from Pew Research Center: www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/04/23/a-rise-in-wealth-for-the-wealthydeclines-for-the-lower-93/.
9 Note: In 1970 a new house in the US cost $26,600, and the median household income was $8,730. The average yearly cost of tuition at a public four-year university was $480; private university was $1,980. See: McLaughlin, M.A. (1988, December). Trends in College Tuition and Student Aid Since 1970. Human Resources and Community Development Division, Congressional Budget Office. p. 3; and Coder, J.F. and Cleveland, R.W. (1971, July 27). Household Income in 1970 and Selected Social and Economic Characteristics of Households. US Department of Commerce, Consumer Income Statistics Branch, Population Division, US Census Bureau. p. 1; and Median and Average Sales Prices of New Homes Sold in United States (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2014, from US Census Bureau: www.census.gov/const/uspriceann.pdf.
10 Note: in 1990 the average cost of a new house in the US increased to $149,800, the median household income was $29,943 and the average yearly tuition cost at a public university was $5,693 (1991–2 academic year)—three to four times more than what it was in proportion to household income twenty years earlier. See: “Tuition Costs of Colleges and Universities, Digest of Education Statistics, 2012.” (2013). Retrieved April 28, 2014, from US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES 2014-015): http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=76; and Money Income of Households, Families, and Persons in the United States (1991, August). US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Census Bureau (P60-174). p. 1; and Median and Average Sales Prices of New Homes Sold in United States (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2014, from US Census Bureau: www.census.gov/const/uspriceann.pdf.
11 Note: In 2010, the average cost of a new house was $272,900 and the median household income was $49,445. The average cost of tuition at a public four-year institution was $16,384. See: Tuition Costs of Colleges and Universities, Digest of Education Statistics, 2012 (2013). Retrieved April 28, 2014, from US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES 2014-015): http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=76; and Median and Average Sales Prices of New Homes Sold in United States (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2014, from US Census Bureau: www.census.gov/const/uspriceann.pdf; and DeNavas-Walt, C., Proctor, B.D., and Smith, J.C. (2011, September), Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2010. US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Census Bureau (P60-239). p. 5.
12 Hymowitz, C. (2012, January 4). “Behind Every Great Woman.” Retrieved January 7, 2012, from Business Week: www.businessweek.com/magazine/behind-every-great-woman-01042012.html.
13 Mount, F. (2012). Mind the Gap: The New Class Divide in Britain. Croydon: Short Books (UK) Ltd. pp. 58–9, 237.
14 Ibid. p. 238.
15 Ragan, M. (2011, August 1). “Mid-Life: Change, Transition and Re-Definition.” Retrieved October 16, 2014, from Psychotherapy & Spirituality Institute: http://mindspirit.org/articles/mid-life-change-transition-and-re-definition/.
16 Sample, I. (2014, February 16). “Loneliness Twice as Unhealthy as Obesity for Older People, Study Finds.” Retrieved September 6, 2015, from The Guardian: www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/16/loneliness-twice-as-unhealthy-as-obesity-older-people.
17 Greene, M. (2015, March 9). “How an Epidemic of Loneliness Is Killing the Men We Love.” Retrieved September 6, 2015, from The Good Men Project: http://goodmenproject.com/featured-content/the-lethal-epidemic-megasahd/.
18 Allen, K. (2014, April 21). “Austerity in Greece Caused More Than 500 Male Suicides, Say Researchers.” Retrieved September 6, 2015, from The Guardian: www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/21/austerity-greece-male-suicides-spending-cuts.
19 Mulier, T. and Roberts, A. (2015, June 8). “Billionaire Cartier Owner Sees Wealth Gap Fueling Social Unrest.” Retrieved September 6, 2015, from Bloomberg Business: www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-06-08/billionaire-cartier-owner-sees-wealth-gap-fueling-social-unrest.
Part III
16 What the Government Can Do
1 Bush, M. (2014, January 19). “Trust in Government Plunges to Historic Low.” Retrieved November 24, 2014, from Edelman: www.edelman.com/news/trust-in-government-plunges-to-historic-low/.
2 “Postsecondary Success.” (n.d.). Retrieved November 24, 2014, from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/US-Programme/Postsecondary-Success.
3 Gertner, J. (2015, June 15). “Inside Obama's Stealth Startup.” Retrieved September 8, 2015, from Fast Company: www.fastcompany.com/3046756/obama-and-his-geeks.
4 “Fractured Families: Why Stability Matters.” (2013, June). Retrieved October 10, 2014, from the Centre for Social Justice: http://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/UserStorage/pdf/Pdf%20reports/CSJ_Fractured_Families_Report_WEB_13.06.13.pdf. p. 23.
5 “Questions & Answers on Bisphenol A (BPA) Use in Food Contact Applications.” (2015, June 15). Retrieved September 7, 2015, from U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm355155.htm.
6 “Bisphenol A” (2014, October 27). Retrieved November 24, 2014, from European Food Safety Authority: www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/bisphenol.htm.
7 “SF Bans Water Bottles.” (2014, March 11). Retrieved November 24, 2014, from San Francisco Bay Guardian: www.sfbg.com/2014/03/11/sf-bans-water-bottles.
8 “Overweight and Obese” (n.d.). Retrieved May 16, 2014, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html.
9 Dee, T. (2006). “How a Teacher's Gender Affects Boys and Girls.” Retrieved July 30, 2015 from the Center for Education Policy Analysis, Stanford University: https://cepa.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/ednext20064_68.pdf. pp. 71, 73.
10 Heckman, J.J. (2011). The Economics of Inequality: The Value of Early Childhood Education. Retrieved June 8, 2014, from American Federation of Teachers: www.aft.org/pdfs/americaneducator/spring2011/Heckman.pdf.
11 OECD. (2012). “Equity and Quality in Education: Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools.” Retrieved June 8, 2014, from OECD Publishing: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264130852-en. p. 14.
12 PISA 2012 Results in Focus: What 15-Year Olds Know and What They Can Do with What They Know. (2013). Retrieved June 8, 2014, from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/pisa-2012-results-overview.pdf. p. 26.
13 Symonds, W.C., Schwartz, R.B., and Ferguson, R. (2011, February). “Pathways to Prosperity: Meeting the Challenge of Preparing Young Americans for the 21st Century.” Retrieved May 30, 2014, from Report issued by the Pathways to Prosperity Project, Harvard Graduate School of Education: www.gse.harvard.edu/news_events/features/2011/Pathways_to_Prosperity_Feb2011.pdf. p. 26.
14 Paglia, C. (2014, March 13). “Put the Sex Back in Sex Ed.” Retrieved September 30, 2014, from Time: http://time.com/23054/camille-paglia-put-the-sex-back-in-sex-ed/.
15 “What a Small Town's Teen Pregnancy Turnaround Can Teach the U.S.” (2014, March 30). Retrieved June 5, 2014, from National Public Radio: http://www.npr.org/2014/03/30/296441067/what-a-small-towns-teen-pregnancy-turnaround-can-teach-the-u-s.
16 Segal, D. (2014, March 28). “Does Porn Hurt Children?” Retrieved October 9, 2014, from the New York Times: www.nytimes.com/2014/03/29/sunday-review/does-porn-hurt-children.html?_r=0.
17 What Schools Can Do
1 Symonds, W.C., Schwartz, R.B., and Ferguson, R. (2011, February). “Pathways to Prosperity: Meeting the Challenge of Preparing Young Americans for the 21st Century.” Retrieved May 30, 2014, from Report issued by the Pathways to Prosperity Project, Harvard Graduate School of Education: www.gse.harvard.edu/news_events/features/2011/Pathways_to_Prosperity_Feb2011.pdf. pp. 15, 38.
2 Ibid.
3 “Single-Sex vs. C
oed: The Evidence” (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2014, from National Association for Single Sex Public Education: www.singlesexschools.org/research-singlesexvscoed.htm; also see Kessels, U. and Hannover, B. (2008). “When Being a Girl Matters Less: Accessibility of Gender-Related Self-knowledge in Single-Sex and Coeducational Classes and Its Impact on Students' Physics-related Self-concept of Ability,” British Journal of Educational Psychology, 78 (Pt. 2). Retrieved June 8, 2014, from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17535522.
4 “The ABC of Gender Equality in Education: Aptitude, Behavior, Confidence.” Retrieved July 21, 2015 from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development: www.oecd.org/publications/the-abc-of-gender-equality-in-education-9789264229945-en.htm. p. 58.
5 Barsheghian, T. (2011, July 20). “Mobile Learning: Are We on the Cusp of Something Big?” Retrieved January 4, 2012, from KQED: http://mindshift.kqed.org/2011/07/mobile-learning-are-we-on-the-cusp-of-something-big/#more-13850.
6 Twenge, J.M. and Campbell, W.K. (2009). The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement. New York, NY: Free Press. p. 48.
18 What Parents Can Do
1 Vaillant, G.E. (2012), Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. p. 126.
2 Dweck, C.S. (2006). Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. New York, NY: Ballantine Books.
3 Mischel, W (2014). The Marshmallow Test: Mastering Self-Control. New York, NY: Little, Brown and Company. 35.
4 Gates, R.M. (2014). Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War. New York, NY: Knopf. pp. 14–15.
5 Symonds, W.C., Schwartz, R.B., and Ferguson, R. (2011, February). “Pathways to Prosperity: Meeting the Challenge of Preparing Young Americans for the 21st Century.” Retrieved May 30, 2014, from Report issued by the Pathways to Prosperity Project, Harvard Graduate School of Education: www.gse.harvard.edu/news_events/features/2011/Pathways_to_Prosperity_Feb2011.pdf. p. 3.
6 “The Good, the Bad, and the Dirty: The iVillage 2013 Married Sex Survey Results” (2013, February 11). Retrieved November 24, 2014, from iVillage: www.ivillage.com/married-sex-survey-results-sex-week/6-b-520245#521337.
7 Vaillant, G.E. (2012), Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. p. 218.
8 Glenn, N. and Whitehead, B.D. (2009). “MAMA SAYS: A National Survey of Mothers' Attitudes on Fathering.” Retrieved June 26, 2014, from National Fatherhood Initiative: www.fatherhood.org/mama-says-survey. p. 5.
9 Blackwell, D.L. (2007). “Family Structure and Children's Health in the United States: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey, 2001–2007.” National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 10(246), 1.
10 Wilcox, W.B. (2011). “A Shaky Foundation for Families.” Retrieved from the New York Times: www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/08/30/shotgun-weddings-vs-cohabitating-parents/cohabitation-is-a-shaky-foundation.
11 Gottman, J.M., and Silver, N. (2000). The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work: A Practical Guide from the Country's Foremost Relationship Expert. New York, NY: Harmony, pp. 5–6.
12 Hjern, A, Weitoft, G.R., and Lindblad, F. (2010). “Social Adversity Predicts ADHD-Medication in School Children—A National Cohort Study.” Retrieved from Acta Paediatrica: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01638.x/pdf.
13 Dawson, D.A. (1991). Family Structure and Children's Health: United States, 1988. Retrieved from US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_178.pdf. Table 13.
14 Fogarty, K., and Evans, G. (2009). “The Hidden Benefits of Being an Involved Father.” Retrieved from University of Florida IFAS Extension: www.cfuf.org/Filestream.aspx?FileID=14, p. 3.
15 Blackwell, D.L. (2007). “Family Structure and Children's Health in the United States: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey, 2001–2007.” National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 10(246). p. 7.
16 Habeeb, L., and Leven, M. (2015). “Why Won't Liberals Talk about the Most Important Kind of ‘Privilege’ in America?” Retrieved July 1, 2015, from National Review, www.nationalreview.com/article/415799/why-wont-liberals-talk-ahout-most-important-kind-privilege-america-lee-habeeb-mike.
17 Ellis B.J., et al. (2003). “Does Father Absence Place Daughters at Special Risk for Early Sexual Activity and Teenage Pregnancy?” Child Development. 74(3), 801–821.
18 James, D. (2004, October 12). Profile of Jail Inmates, 2002. Retrieved August 25, 2015, from Bureau of Justice Statistics. U.S. Department of Justice: www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/pji02.pdf. p. 9; and Glaze, L., and Maruschak, L. (2010, March 30). Parents in Prison and Their Minor Children. Retrieved August 25, 2015, from Bureau of Justice Statistics. U.S. Department of Justice: http://bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/pptmc.pdf. p. 2.
19 Hoffmann, J.P. (2002). “The Community Context of Family Structure and Adolescent Drug Use.” Journal of Marriage and Family 64(2), 314–330.
20 “The Importance of Family Dinners VII” (2011). Retrieved from the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University: www.casacolumbia.org/upload/2011/2011922familydinnersVII.pdf. Figure 1.A., 2.A.
21 Blackwell, D.L. (2007). “Family Structure and Children's Health in the United States: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey, 2001–2007.” National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 10(246). p. 1.
22 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2011). “How Do Students from Single-Parent Families Perform in Reading?” Retrieved from OECD Publishing: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264095250-22-en.
23 Ladd, L. (2000). What Fathers Contrihute to Child Development. Retrieved from Texas A&M AgriLife Extension: http://fcs.tamu.edu/families/parenting/fathering/fathering_pdf/development.pdf.
24 Guidubaldi, J. (1987). “Growing Up in a Divorced Family: Initial and Long-Term Perspectives on Children's Adjustment,” Applied Social Psychology, 230, 7.
25 Ibid.
26 Vaillant, G. (2012). Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 113.
27 Livingston, G. (2014, June 5), “Growing Number of Dads Home with the Kids.” Retrieved June 7, 2014, from Pew Research Center: www.pewsocialtrends.org/2014/06/05/growing-numher-of-dads-home-with-the-kids/.
28 Glenn, N. and Whitehead, B.D. (2009), “MAMA SAYS: A National Survey of Mothers' Attitudes on Fathering.” Retrieved June 26, 2014, from National Fatherhood Initiative: www.fatherhood.org/mama-says-survey. p. 4; and “POP'S CULTURE: A National Survey of Dads' Attitudes on Fathering.” (2006). National Fatherhood Initiative. p. 2.
29 Glenn, N. and Whitehead, B.D. (2009), “MAMA SAYS: A National Survey of Mothers' Attitudes on Fathering.” Retrieved June 26, 2014, from National Fatherhood Initiative: www.fatherhood.org/mama-says-survey. p. 4.
30 Weiner-Davis, M. (2014). “The Sex-Starved Marriage.” Retrieved from TEDx: http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/The-Sex-Starved-Marriage-Michele.
31 Lenhart, A., Ling, R., Campbell, S., and Purcell, K. (2010, April 20), “Teens and Mobile Phones.” Retrieved June 7, 2014, from Pew Research Center: www.pewntemet.org/2010/04/20/teens-and-mobile-phones/.
32 “National Sleep Foundation 2014 Sleep in America Poll Finds Children Sleep Better When Parents Establish Rules, Limit Technology, and Set a Good Example.” (2014, March 3). Retrieved June 17, 2014, from National Sleep Foundation: http://sleepfoundation.org/media-center/press-release/national-sleep-foundation-2014-sleep-america-poll-finds-children-sleep.
33 Clark, N. and Scott, P.S. (2009). Game Addiction: The Experience and the Effects. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, p. 105.
34 Wright, B. (2014, November 24). “London Is Losing Ground to New York in Battle of the Finance Centres.” Retrieved November 24, 2014, from the Telegraph: www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/11249562/London-is-losing-ground-to-New-York-in-battle-of-the-finance-centres.html.
19 What Men
Can Do
1 Deem, G., personal communication, April 13, 2014.
2 Monet, V., personal communication, June 30, 2014.
3 Wilson, G. (2014). Your Brain on Porn: Internet Pornography and the Emerging Science of Addiction. United Kingdom: Commonwealth Publishing. pp. 6–7.
4 Pavlina, S. (2007, April 9). “Sex Energy.” Retrieved April 14, 2014, from Steve Pavlina: www.stevepavlina.com/blog/2007/04/sex-energy/.
5 Note: Time Bandit Calculations: Annual average time a teen male plays video games: Calculation is based on thirteen hours per week. (Gentile, D.A., et al. (2004). “The Effects of Violent Video Game Habits on Adolescent Hostility, Aggressive Behaviors, and School Performance,” Journal of Adolescence, 27, 6.) Learning the foundations of a new language: Per Rosetta Stone, it takes about forty to fifty hours to complete the content in each level; there are four or five levels per language. Calculation is the average between 160 and 250 hours. Learning to play guitar with regular practice: According to www.TheGuitarLesson.com, it takes six months of regular practice to achieve an intermediate level of mastery. Calculation is based on practicing ten hours a week for six months. Playing a sport during an intramural season: Calculation is based on four hours of practice and competition time per week for eight weeks. Learning to salsa dance: According to http://DanceSF.com it takes about two four-week beginner courses to be good enough to dance socially. This calculation is based on 2.5 hours per class plus 2.5 hours of practice per week.
6 “10 Life Lessons from Navy SEAL Admiral McRaven's Amazing Commencement Speech.” (2014, May 27). Retrieved May 31, 2014, from Business Insider: www.businessinsider.com/10-life-lessons-from-navy-seal-2014-5.
7 Kremer, W. (2013, January 3). “Does Confidence Really Breed Success?” Retrieved June 12, 2014, from BBC News: www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20756247.
8 Erikson, E.H. (1994). Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, p. 19.
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