Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic

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Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic Page 47

by Chalmers Johnson

corruption, 59, 229–31, 259–68

  Council of Europe, 123

  Council on Foreign Relations Study Group on Space Weapons, 217–18

  Counter-intelligence Field Activity (C1FA), 256–57

  counternarcotics flights, 165

  “counterspace operations,” 215–16

  coups d’état, 20, 106–8, 250

  Coyle, Philip, 210, 223, 227

  Craig, Larry, 262

  Crewdson, John, 128

  crime, military bases and, 175–76, 178–93, 198, 206–7

  Crisis and Leviathan (Higgs), 277

  Cross, Suzanne, 66

  cruise missiles, 218, 234

  Cuba, 3, 19–20, 94, 96, 102–3, 105, 163. See also Guantanamo Bay

  Cuidad del Este (Paraguay), 166–67

  Cunningham, Randy “Duke,” 260–61

  Curacao military base, 148, 165

  current account deficits, 270–71

  Curtis, John, 48, 52

  Dahlgren, Hans, 128

  Daily American (Italian newspaper), 106

  Dakar military base (Senegal), 147–48

  DalBello, Richard, 238

  Daoud, Sardar Mohammed, 111

  Darby, Joseph M., 22

  Darnell, Daniel, 239

  Darwinism, 76, 79

  data mining, 251, 256–57

  Davis, Mike, 78, 83

  death squads, 121

  deBlois, Bruce M., 215

  decoys, 223–25, 228

  Defense Appropriation bills, 149, 258–60, 264–66, 270, 276–77

  defense budget, 9–10, 17, 115, 229–31, 260–61, 264, 276–77

  Defense Contract Audit Agency, 230

  defense contractors, 210, 212–15, 232, 242, 260–62, 264–65, 271, 274

  Defense Department (DOD, Pentagon), 4, 9, 15, 19–21, 69, 102, 135, 200

  budget of, 7–8, 10, 229–32, 264, 276–77, 275–78

  corruption and, 260–61, 264–65

  intelligence and, 94, 136, 256–57

  Iraq and, 15, 47, 49–50, 99–100, 158, 160

  military bases inventory of, 5–6, 138–41, 139

  overseas bases and, 143–51, 155–56, 167–68, 171–72, 178, 201–4

  Pax American and, 58

  power of, 20–21, 71

  space weaponry, missile defense and, 211–14, 218, 227–28, 238

  torture and, 38, 44–45, 258

  Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 26, 33, 44, 91, 99, 178

  Defense Science Board Task Force on Strategic Communication (September 2004 report), 47

  defense spending, 5, 9–10, 17, 115, 229–32, 260–62, 264–65, 271–78

  “defense transformation” program, 143–45, 148–51, 195

  DeLay, Tom, 261–63

  Delta Force, 40

  democracy

  imperialism and, 55–56, 62, 70, 77, 88–89

  threats to, in U.S., 9–14, 17–19, 21–22, 60, 249, 278–79

  Democratic Party, 92, 255, 262

  Denmark, 131

  depleted-uranium ammunition, 197

  deportation hearings, secret, 249

  Depression, 271, 273–74

  Der Monat (German newspaper), 106

  desk murderers, 21–23, 45

  detainees, 38, 249, 251, 266–67. See also prisoners of war

  Detainee Treatment Act (2005), 258–59

  Diamond, Larry, 158–59

  dictatorship, 19, 152

  possibility of, in U.S., 14, 267–69, 278

  Diego Garcia (military base), 36, 124, 147

  Diem, Ngo Dinh, 250

  DINA. See Chilean Army Directorate of National Intelligence

  Dinges, John, 108

  Directorate of Intelligence (DI), 93–94, 101

  Directorate of Operations (DO), 93, 96, 101, 114

  Director of National Intelligence, CIA replaced by, 135

  Disney World, 6

  Djibouti (military base), 147, 166

  Dobbs, Michael, 214

  dollar, value of, 271

  Dolman, Everett, 215–16

  Domenici, Pete, 265

  domestic surveillance, 94, 250–51, 254–57, 266

  Dominican Republic, 94, 163

  Donnelly, Thomas, 148

  Doolittle, John, 261

  Dora Farms compound bombing, 33

  Dower, John, 76

  Dratel, Joshua, 39

  driving accidents, military bases and, 6, 174–75, 182, 190

  drugs, 5, 77, 83, 110–11, 117, 126, 165, 167, 182

  Duarte Frutos, Nicanor, 168

  Duelfer, Charles, 99

  dugong, 195

  Dulles, Allen, 95, 136

  Dulles, John Foster, 136

  Dutch Empire, 279

  Dyer, Reginald “Rex,” 79

  DynCorp, 165

  earmarks, 115, 229, 260, 262, 264–65

  Earth Institute, 33

  East Asia, 78, 81, 143, 178–79, 182, 199, 201, 207

  Eastern Europe, 36, 157, 174

  East Germany, 172

  economy

  defense spending and, 5, 8, 17, 138, 269–79

  imperialism and, 77–78, 80–85

  Ecuador, 94, 164–66, 169–70, 176

  Ecuadoran Congress, 166

  Eddie Bauer company, 263

  Education Department, 263

  Efron, Sonni, 15

  Egypt, 9, 36, 74, 78, 87, 94, 112, 116, 122–125, 128–35

  Ehmann, Amy, 155

  Eichmann, Adolf, 21–22, 34

  Eichmann in Jerusalem (Arendt), 21

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 18, 95, 103, 136, 216

  elections

  campaign contributions and, 242, 259, 261, 269

  Founding Fathers and, 15–17

  imperialism and, 88

  of 2000, 143

  of 2004, 8, 33, 101, 144, 199, 255, 261

  Elkins, Caroline, 86

  Ellsberg, Daniel, 246

  EloyAlfaro Air Base (Ecuador), 165

  El Salvador, 3, 112, 164–65

  Encounter (British newspaper), 106

  Endangered Species Act, 149

  Energy Department, 7, 263, 276

  Entebbe International Airport (military base), 148

  environmental pollution, 6, 145, 149, 172–74, 194–95, 204

  Equatorial Guinea, 148

  Erato (mythic figure), 10

  Essex, USS (amphibious assault ship), 198

  Eucom, 61

  eugenics, 76

  euphemisms, 120–21

  Euripides, 68

  European Convention on Human Rights, 123

  European Parliament, 123

  European police authority, 131

  European Space Agency, 235–37

  European Union, 235

  Everitt, Anthony, 56, 61–63, 65–67

  Executive Orders

  11905 (on assassinations), 250

  13233 (on Presidential Records Act), 248

  secret (on FISA), 255–57, 266

  exoatmospheric kill vehicle (EKV), 222–28

  “Exterminate All the Brutes” (Lindqvist), 76

  extraconstitutional centers of power, 20–21

  extraordinary renditions, 36, 38, 102, 104, 119–35, 152, 268

  extraterritoriality, 172

  Faisal II, king of Iraq, 46

  Fallujah, 15, 29, 32, 33, 46

  “false flag” agents, 106

  Falwell, Jerry, 4

  Farber, Dan, 252

  Fast, Barbara, 40

  Federal Aviation Administration, 125

  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 37, 42–43, 104, 109, 121–23, 168, 246–47, 254

  federal courts (judiciary branch), 15–16, 20, 60, 186, 246–47, 266–69

  Federal Election Commission, 261

  federalism, 16

  Federalist Papers, 59

  Federation of American Scientists, 18

  Fein, Bruce, 250–51

  Feinstein, Dianne, 149, 150

  Feith, Douglas, 99–100, 144, 14
9

  Feldman, Noah, 249, 259

  Ferguson, Niall, 71, 74–75, 77, 79–87

  Fifth Corps, 44

  Fifth Air Force, 202

  Financial Times, 71

  First Armored Division, 141, 153

  First Infantry Division, 141, 153

  First Corps, 202

  first-strike capability, 97–98

  FISA court, 254–56

  Fisk, Robert, 31, 49

  Flanigan, Timothy, 38

  Flynn, Michael, 165

  Foley, Brian, 266, 267

  Foner, Eric, 75, 76

  Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), U.N., 28

  “force projection,” 6

  Ford, Gerald, 246, 249–50

  Foreign Affairs, 167

  Foreign Assistance Act (1974), 102

  Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA, 1978), 254–56, 266

  Foreign Operations bill (2004), 263–64

  Forell.Paul, 128, 129

  Forster, E. M., 80

  Fort Benning (Georgia), 163

  Fort Bragg (North Carolina), 128

  Fort Carson (Colorado), 142

  Fort Greely (Alaska), 210, 222

  Fort Lewis (Washington State), 202

  Forward Operation Sites (FOSs), 146–48, 153, 155, 159–60, 164

  Founding Fathers, 15–16, 55, 59, 88–89, 267–68

  Fourth Amendment, 254

  Fourth Infantry Division, 162

  Fox, Vicente, 164

  Fox News, 23

  Foz do Iguacu, Brazil, 167

  France, 48, 54–55, 63, 73, 85, 148, 236, 279

  Frankfurter, Felix, 253

  Frankfurt International Airport, 156

  Franklin, Benjamin, 15–16, 89

  Franks, Tommy, 14–15, 30

  Freedom of Information Act (FOIA, 1966, 1974), 42, 44, 245–48, 250

  freedom. See also democracy

  free market and, 82, 84–85

  of religion, 152

  “Free Major Brown” Web site, 187–88

  free market, 82–85, 164

  FreeRepublic.com Web site, 125–26

  free trade, 77, 81–85

  Frei, Eduardo, 105–6

  French Foreign Legion, 147

  Fried, Daniel, 153

  Friedman, Thomas, 3, 80–84

  From the Shadows (Gates), 90

  Fukuchi Dam, 173

  Fukuda.Yasuo, 183

  Fukuoka High Court, 188

  FuldaGap, 142

  “full spectrum dominance,” 138

  Furukawa, Teijiro, 193

  Futenma Marine Corps Air Station, (Japan), 193–98, 204–6

  Future of Freedom Foundation, 27

  Gabe, Masaaki, 191, 205

  Gabon, 148

  Gaffney, Frank, Jr., 211–13

  Galaxy IV satellite, 238–39

  Galileo navigation system, 235–36

  Gap, the, 263

  Garfield, Richard, 28, 29

  Garlasco, Marc, 33

  Garmisch facility (Germany), 6, 155

  Gamer, Jay, 50

  Gates, Robert M., 90, 96, 110

  Gaul, 63, 66, 74

  General Dynamics, 262, 264

  General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, The (Keynes), 271–72

  Geneva Accords of 1988, 117

  Geneva Conventions, 4–5, 8–9, 23, 25, 27, 36–37, 43–44

  genocide, 29, 86

  George III, king of Great Britain, 16

  George Washington, USS (aircraft carrier), 202

  Georgia (former Soviet state), 20, 152

  geosynchronous or geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, 237–39

  German Social Democratic Party, 154

  Germany, 14, 73, 85, 123, 141–43, 145, 149–50, 153–57, 174, 176, 178, 201, 269, 274

  Nazi, 21–22, 121, 273

  unification of, 157

  Ghana, 148

  “ghost detainees,” 124–25

  Ghost Wars (Coll), 112

  Gibbon, Edward, 55, 57, 67

  Gibson, McGuire, 49

  Gilman, Benjamin, 262

  Gingrich, Newt, 212

  Ginowan, Japan, 193–98

  Girard, William S., 175–76, 181

  Glina, Marsela, 132

  global communications, 141

  global Echelon eavesdropping system, 156

  Global Hawk UAV, 233

  globalization, 77, 80–85

  Global Positioning System (GPS), 214, 223, 232–36

  Global Posture Review (Integrated Global Presence and Basing Strategy), 143–45, 148–52, 154–57

  Global Security Organization, 51, 160, 161

  Global Strike Force, 209

  Glonas navigation system, 235

  God of Small Things, The (Roy), 80

  Goldberg, Jeffrey, 167

  Golove, David, 257–58

  Gonzales, Alberto, 23, 33, 38, 44, 251

  Goodman, Melvin A., 91

  Gorbachev, Mikhail, 116

  Gordon, Joy, 27–28

  Gore, Al, 259

  Goss, Porter J., 90–92, 100–102, 135

  Government Accountability Office (GAO), 227, 277

  GPS. See Global Positioning System

  Gracchus, Tiberius, 66

  Grafenwöhr training area (Germany), 155

  Graham, Bradley, 160, 163

  Graham, Lindsey, 262, 267

  Graham, R. B. Cunninghame, 78

  Graves, Robert, 69

  Gray, John, 82

  Great Britain, 16, 27, 28, 55, 100, 123, 140, 152, 163, 236, 240. See also British Empire

  Great Leap Forward, 84

  Great Transformation, The (Polanyi), 83

  Greece, 3, 19, 94, 104, 114

  ancient, 47, 63, 78

  Greenberg, Karen, 39

  Greenpeace, 195

  Green Zone, 160–61

  Gregson, Wallace C., 189

  Grenada, 19, 163

  Gronlund, Lisbeth, 227, 239

  Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) system, 220–28

  Guam, 20, 164, 204, 206

  Guantanamo Bay (Cuba), 8, 34–35, 37, 40–45, 123–24, 181, 246, 266–67, 278

  “Guantánamo Bay Express,” 127

  Guantánamo (Rose) , 43

  Guardian, 1, 49–50

  Guatemala, 3, 94, 104, 112, 163

  guerrilla wars, 94

  Gulfstream jets (CIA), 125–28

  Gulf War of 1991, 26–27, 47, 49–50, 163, 227

  Gumbel, Andrew, 275

  habeas corpus, 186, 244, 266

  Habermas, Jiirgen, 272

  Habiger, Eugene, 210

  Haditha massacre, 29

  Hadley, Stephen J., 92

  Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property (1954), 50

  Haig, Alexander M., 19

  Haiti, 94

  Haldeman, Bob, 92

  Hall, Keith, 215

  Halliburton Corp., 7, 140

  Hailidav, Denis, 29

  Hamas, 167

  Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 267

  Hamilton, Alexander, 16, 59

  Hamilton, Edith, 243–44

  Hammer, Joshua, 159, 160

  Hannibal, 58

  Hart, Howard, 111–12

  Hartford, USS (nuclear submarine), 154

  Hartung, William D., 212, 230

  Harvard School of Public Health, report of May 1991, 27

  Hashimoto, Ryutaro, 181, 194

  Hayashida, Soichi, 184

  Hayden, Michael, 92, 135

  Haynes, William J., 38

  Hazar Qadam, civilian deaths at, 31

  Health and Human Services Department, 263

  Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 76, 78

  Heat and Dust (Jhabvala), 80

  Heaven’s Command (Morris), 54

  Hecksher, Henry, 106–7

  Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin, 113, 117–18

  Hellfire missile, 21

  Helms, Richard, 92, 95–97, 104–7

  Henriques, Diana B., 146

&
nbsp; Henry, Patrick, 17

  Herbert, Bob, 268

  Herodotus, 57

  Hersh, Seymour, 37, 40

  Hezbollah, 167

  Higgs, Robert, 277

  high value targets (HVTs), 32–33

  Hill, James, 167

  Hindu-Muslim conflict, 87–88

  Hirohito, emperor of Japan, 201

  Hispanic magazine, 44

  Historia Universal de la Destruction de los Libras (Marquez), 49

  Histories (Herodotus), 57

  History of Rome (Livy), 57–58

  History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, The (Gibbon), 55

  Hitchens, Theresa, 215, 239, 240

  Hitler, Adolf, 79, 273

  Holland, Tom, 54, 57–60, 62, 64–65, 67

  Homeland Security Department, 276

  Honduras, 164–65, 176

  Honeywell, 262

  Hoover, J. Edgar, 247

  Hornberger, Jacob, 27

  Hosenball, Mark, 125

  Housing and Urban Development Department, 263

  “How Not to Catch a Terrorist” (Scheuer letter) , 99

  Hubble Telescope, 218, 237

  Hughes, Harold E., 103

  Hughes-Ryan Act (1974), 102–3

  “Humane Treatemnt of al-Qaeda and Taliban Detainees” (Yoo memorandum), 36–37

  humanitarian imperialism, 73

  Human Rights First, 259

  Human Rights Watch, 124

  Hungary, 94

  Hunter, Duncan, 260–62

  Huntington, Stuart A., 40–41

  Huntsville, Alabama, 232

  Hussein, king of Jordan, 94

  Hussein, Saddam, 26–28, 32–33, 52, 87, 98–101, 143, 157, 160–61, 163, 214, 232

  Hutchison, Kay Bailey, 149–50, 186

  Hypervelocity Rod Bundles, 209

  I, Claudius (Graves), 69

  Ibrahim, Izzat, 32

  ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles), 218, 220–23, 226–28, 231

  Russian Topol-M, 228–29

  Soviet SS-9, 97–98

  ideology, 82

  “of extermination,” 76

  Ignatieff, Michael, 73–74

  Iha, Yoichi, 196

  “illegal combatants,” 37

  illegal imprisonment, 8

  illegal orders, obedience to, 269

  impeachment powers, 16

  Imperial Hubris (Scheuer), 99

  imperialism. See also American empire; British Empire

  administrative massacres and, 75

  economic justification for, 77–78, 80–85

  racial justification for, 75–78

  Roman Republic destroyed by, 55, 59–60, 63–67, 70

  imperial presidency. See presidential power

  Inamine, Keiichi, 174, 181–83, 186, 189–91, 198

  Incan civilization, 76

  Incirlik Air Base (Turkey), 156

  Independent (London), 31, 49, 275

  India, 71–72, 77–84, 87–88, 116, 148, 236, 270, 278

  Indian Congress Party, 88

  Indian Muslim League, 88

  Indian Mutiny, 81

  Indochina, 85

  Indonesia, 3, 19, 94, 104, 147

  Integrated Global Presence and Basing Strategy. See Global Posture Review

 

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