Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic
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intelligence
CIA and, 93–94, 135–36
fabricated or suppressed, 95–102
9/11 attacks and, 95, 98
State Department and, 21
intelligence agencies. See also specific agencies
competition among, 95
power of, 20–21
secret budgets of, 9–10
Intelligence Oversight Act (1980), 250
Intelligence Wars (Powers), 256
Intelsat I “Early Bird,” 238
Interior Department, 263
International Committee of the Red Cross, 43, 45, 124
International Criminal Court (ICC), 145, 164, 169, 191
International Islamic Front for lihad, 118, 122–23
international law, 8, 25, 27, 34–37, 43–44, 87, 102, 123, 191, 241, 243, 251
International Military Education and Training, 151
International Monetary Fund, 164
International Space Station, 218, 237
International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT), 105
Internet, 9, 125, 127
Inter Press News Service, 168
Iquitos, Peru, 165
Iran, 2, 5, 15, 48, 93–94, 104, 110–11, 158, 225
Iran, Shah of, 2, 19, 111
Iran-Centra scandal, 103–4, 113, 163–65, 248–49, 256
Iraq, 87, 91, 94. See also Gulf War of 1991; Iraq war and occupation
ancient, 46–47, 49
sanctions and, 3, 25–29
Iraq Body Count, 32
Iraq Confidential (Ritter), 92
Iraqi Interior Ministry, 29, 50
Iraqi Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments, 47
Iraqi National Library and Archives, 47, 49
Iraqi Oil Ministry, 46, 50–51
Iraqi Republican Guard, 161
Iraqiyun (Baghdad), 29
“Iraq’s Continuing Program for Weapons of Mass Destruction” (NIE of October 1, 2002), 98–99
Iraq Survey Group, CIA, 99
Iraq war and occupation (2003-), 5–10, 19, 21–25, 27, 36, 46, 123–24, 153–54, 156, 164, 178, 191, 199, 201, 203–4, 243, 278, 279
cost of, 7, 59, 275–77
election of lanuary 2005 and, 95
insurgents and, 29–30
intelligence and, 5, 23, 98–100
looting and, 23, 45–53
military bases and, 7, 140–43, 153–63, 188
reconstruction of, 15
Rumsfeld strategy and, 143
space war and, 232
torture and, 5, 8, 21–23, 35, 38, 41–45
“Iraq Water Treatment Vulnerabilities” (DIA document, 1991), 26
Irbil military base (Iraq), 163
Irish famine, 81
Ishaqi massacre, 29
Ishihara, Shintaro, 190–91
Ishtar Gate, 52
Islamabad CIA station, 100, 113
Islamists (mujahideen), 2, 4, 111–13, 115–19, 122, 131, 152
Israel, 3, 116, 140, 158, 227, 236
Italian Christian Democratic Party, 94
Italy, 6, 48, 85, 104, 123, 131–35, 142–43, 145, 154–55
Jackson, Derrick, 29
Jackson, Henry M. “Scoop,” 211
Jackson, Robert H., 253
Jacobi, Derek, 69
Jamaat-e-lslami, 112, 132
Jamail, Dahr, 30
Japan, 8, 157, 178, 186, 198–201, 207, 219, 271, 274–75, 279
military bases in, 142–43, 145, 150, 171–207
WW II and, 24, 39–40, 73, 76, 83–85, 121, 199–200, 279
Japanese Americans, 244
Japanese constitution, 199, 203
Japanese Defense Agency, 197–98, 204
Japanese Diet, 181, 196, 201
Japanese Liberal Democratic Party, 94, 181, 186, 196, 205
Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 173, 185, 192–93, 197–98
Japanese Ministry of Justice, 192–93
Japanese National Police Agency, 192
Japanese SOFA, 174, 176, 178–207
Japanese Supreme Court, 188
Japan-U.S. Interim Agreement of 2005, 204–5
Japan-U.S. negotiations
of 2003, 191–93
of 2004–5, 202–5
Japan-U.S. Security Treaty (1960), 171–72, 178–80, 186, 202–4, 206
Javits, Jacob, 265
Jay, John, 59
Jefferson, Thomas, 17
Jenkins, Simon, 4
Jerusalem, 58
Jewel in the Crown, The (Scott), 80
Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer, 80
Jin, Lu, 189
John Paul II, Pope, 169
Johnson, Loch K., 93, 95, 102
Johnson, Lyndon B., 90, 95, 245
Johnson County Airport (North Carolina), 128
Johnson Space Center (Texas), 219
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 41, 116, 180
Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM), 236
Jonsson, Kjell, 129
Jordan, 9, 36, 48, 94, 123–25, 128, 141
Julius Caesar (Shakespeare), 56
Justice Department, 36, 247, 251–52, 263, 267
Kabul, Afghanistan, military base, 124, 143
Kadena Air Base (Japan), 145, 173, 178–79, 182–83, 190, 194
Kaiserslautern (K-town, Germany), 155
Kalecki, Micha, 273
Kalla Fakta (Cold Facts) (TV program), 128
Kanagawa, Japan, 173, 202, 205, 207
Kandahar, Afghanistan, 124
Karachi Airport, 127
Karakak wedding attack, 31–32
Karimov, Islam, 152–53
Karp, Jonathan, 275–76
Karpinski, Janis L., 43, 45
Karzai, Hamid, 32
Kashmir, 87, 116
Kassebaum, Nancy, 265
Katzenstein, Peter, 157
Kawaguchi, Yoriko, 185, 190
Kawakami, Hiroyuki, 187
KBR (formerly Kellogg Brown & Root), 7, 140, 159–61
Keith, Damon, 249
Keller, Bill, 255
Kelley, Victor, 186
Kennedy, John F., 95–96, 103, 105, 216
Kenya, 79, 85–87, 121, 279
Kerry, John, 101
Kessler Effect, 217
Keynes, John Maynard, 271–72
Keynesianism, 271–73
Khartoum plant attack, 119
Khomeini, Ayatollah, 2
Khost, Afghanistan, 124
Khostcamp, 118–19
kidnapping. See extraordinary renditions Kikuyu people, 79, 85–87
Kin, Okinawa, 189
kinetic kill vehicles, 218
Kipling, Rudyard, 74
Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 75
Kirkuk.Iraq, 162
Kissinger, Henry, 54–55, 92, 94, 96–97, 104, 106
Kitty Hawk, USS (aircraft carrier), 202, 207
Klein, Naomi, 38
Koh, Harold Hongju, 39
Kohat prison (Pakistan), 124
Kohn, Jerome, 21, 22
Koizumi, Junichiro, 185, 192–93, 198–203, 205–7
Korea, 76
Korean Air Lines, 234
Korean War, 20, 145, 176, 182, 253
Kornbluh, Peter, 107, 108
Kosovo, military base in, 140, 161
Krieble, Helen, 212
Kurds, 28, 87
Kuwait, 26, 28, 48, 148, 150, 158–60
Kwajalein Missile Range (Marshall Islands), 222
Kwiatkowski, Karen, 99, 158
Kyle, Jon, 220
Kyrgyzstan, 6, 140, 147, 151–52
labor, 81, 175, 263, 272
Labor Department, 263
Lady, Robert Seldon, 131, 133–34
Lafontaine, Oskar, 154
Laird, Melvin, 97
laissez-faire, 82, 84
La Maddalena military base (Sardinia), 154
Lancet, 28, 32
Langewiesche, William, 29–30
Laos, 94, 126
Latin America, 101, 147, 163–70
Lawless, Richard P., 192, 202, 204
“law of the flag,” 172
Lebanese immigrants, 166–67
Lebanon, 9, 63, 122
Lee, Barbara, 13
Lee, Burton J., Ill, 45
legislative branch, 15–16, 267–68
Lenin, Vladimir, 5, 83
“Lesser Evils” (Ignatieff), 73
Letelier, Orlando, 109
Levi Strauss & Co., 263
Lewinsky, Monica, 119
Lewis, Jeffrey, 240
Lewis, Jerry, 261
Lexus and the Olive Tree, The (Friedman), 80
liberal imperialism, 77
Liberia, 148
Library of Korans, 47, 49
Libya, 123
Lieven, Anatol, 270
Lincoln, Abraham, 244
Lincoln’s Constitution (Farber), 252
Lindemans, Micha F., 11
Linder, Sven, 128
Lindh, John Walker, 34–35
Lindorff, Dave, 35
Lindqvist, Sven, 76, 79
Livy, 56–58, 60
Liz Claiborne, 263
lobbyists, 260–65, 273
Locke, John, 77
Lockheed Martin, 212–13, 215, 225, 227, 257, 264
London Times, 4, 123, 161 “lone superpower,” 142
Looting of the Iraq Museum, Baghdad, The (Polk and Schuster), 48
Lord, Lance, 215, 232
Lord & Taylor, 263
Los Angeles Times, 15, 35, 71, 263
low Earth orbits (LEO), 216–19, 237, 241
Lucas, George, 209
Macedonia, 63
Macke, Richard C., 180
Madam Secretary (Albright), 25–26
Madison, James, 16, 18, 20, 59, 244–45
Mahle, Melissa Boyle, 100
Mahuad, Jamil, 166
Maier, Charles S., 77
Main Operating Bases (MOBs), 145–46, 148, 153–54
Malayan Emergency (1948-60), 4, 85
Malaysia, 85, 94, 236
Mali, 148
Mallowan, Max, 52
Malthus, Thomas Robert, 76
Manas Air Base (Kyrgyzstan), 6, 147, 151, 153
Manhattan Project, 10
Mansfield Park (Austen), 75
Manta base (Ecuador), 165–66, 169
Maoris, 75
Mao Zedong, 84, 252
Marcos, Ferdinand, 19
Margolis, Eric, 87
Mariana Islands, 263
Marine Civil Affairs Bureau, 49
Marine Corps, 17, 51–53, 178, 184–89, 204
Marine Mammal Protection Act, 149
Mariscal Estigarribia, Paraguay, 169
Marius, Caius, 65–66
Marquez, Humberto, 49
Marshall, John, 176
Marshall, Joshua Micah, 72
Marshall, P. J., 79, 80, 85
Martin, Kate, 249
Martinez, Mel, 262
Marxism, 81–83
MasraTora Prison, 130
Massimino, Elisa, 259
Masterpiece Theater (TV series), 73
Mau Mau Uprising, 85–87
Mauritania, 148
Mauritius, 94
Maxwell Air Force Base (Alabama), 216
Mayan civilization, 76
McCain, John, 258–59, 266
McCone, John, 105
McCoy, Alfred W., 35, 267
McGaffin, John, 114
McGovern, Ray, 98–99
McGrory, Daniel, 161
McGuiness, Mary Ellen, 128
McLaughlin, John, 135
McNamara, Robert, 103
Medea (Euripides), 68
media, 17, 19, 30, 33, 269
Meiji, emperor of Japan, 200
Mein Kamp/(Hitler), 79
Mercosur agreement, 169
Mesopotamia, 36, 87
Mexico, 83–84, 164
Mi-24
Hind helicopter, 116–17
microsatellites, 240
Middle East, 142–43, 147, 158–63, 203–4
Mihail Kogalniceanu Air Base, (Romania), 155
militarism, 5, 88–89, 137, 141
Constitution and, 13–21
defined, 19–20
military Keynesianism and, 273–74
Rome and, 55, 57, 59, 64, 66, 70
space and, 209–10
military bases
domestic, 17, 137–38, 141–42, 146, 149–50
number and cost of, 5–6, 10
space and, 210
military bases, overseas, 3, 128, 257
costs of, 150–51, 155–56
culture of, 146
domestic bases vs., 138
empire of, 71, 278
Iraq and, 157–63
Japan and, 171–207
neoconservative program to transform military and, 142–45, 148–50
number and size of, 5–6, 10, 138–42 139, 178
Paraguay and, 163–70
protocols to establish, 144–45
relationships with host countries and, 6–7, 151–57
SOFAs for, 171–75
types of, 145–49
Military Construction Appropriations Act, 7, 150, 276
military courts, 177
military-industrial complex, 9, 15, 71, 89, 209, 210, 229, 242, 260, 264–65, 269, 273
military intelligence, 34–35
“military Keynesianism,” 138, 271–79
military pensions, 276
Miller, Geoffrey, 34, 40, 42–44
Milstar satellites, 238
MIRVs (multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles), 97
Miscik, Jami A., 101
Missile Defense Agency (MDA), 218, 222, 224–27
missile defense program (NMD), 199–200, 211–14, 220–33, 242, 265
commission on (Rumsfeld report of 1998), 212–14
“missile gap,” 216
Misty stealth satellites, 240
Mobutu, SeseSeko, 19
Moffitt, Ronni Karpen, 109
Mohammed, Jamil Qasim Saeed, 125
Mondale, Walter, 246
money laundering, 110, 167
Montesquieu, 16, 55
Moore, Mike, 232
“Morale, Welfare, and Recreation (MWR)” commands, 6
Morales, Evo, 164, 166
“Morbidity and Mortality Among Iraqi Children” (Garfield), 28–29
Morocco, 9, 123–24, 148, 236
Moron Air Base (Spain), 156
Morris, Gouverneur, 15
Morris, Jan, 54
Moseley, T. Michael, 33
Moss, John, 245
Mossadeq, Mohammad, 2
Mosul, Iraq, 42, 48, 162
Mountbatten, Edwina, Lady, 80
Mountbatten, Lord, 88
Moyers, Bill, 230, 245, 261–62, 264
MRVs (multiple reentry vehicles), 97
Muhammad (prophet), 4
Murdoch, Rupert, 38
Murphy, Frank, 39–40
Murray, Craig, 152
Murtha, John P., 260
Muslim Brotherhood, 112, 117, 130
Muslims, 4, 9, 47, 76, 167. See also Islamists
Myers, Richard, 23, 34, 40–42, 180
Myers v. United States, 253–54
My Lai massacre, 29
MZM Inc., 260–61
Nabu, Temple of, 52
Nago, Japan, 194
Nagy, Thomas, 26
Nairobi embassy bombing, 118–19, 122–23
Najibullah, Mohammad, 117
Nakamine, Victoria, 184–85, 187–88
Napoleon Bonaparte, 70
“narcoterrorism,” 164
NASA, 216, 219
Nasiriyah., 51
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 87
national debt, 270–71, 275, 277
National Defense Authorization Act (2000), 214
National Democratic Institute, 152
National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs), 93–94, 97–98, 106
nationalism, 82, 85–88
>
National Military Justice Group, 186
National Missile Defense Act (1999), 213
National Museum of Iraq, 46–50
National Public Radio, 239
National Reconnaissance Office, 215
National Security Act (1947), 93, 94
National Security Adviser, 97–98
National Security Agency (NSA), 91–92, 156, 251, 254–57, 266
National Security Archive, 107, 248
National Security Council (NSC), 92–93, 100, 102, 104, 192
National Security Strategy of 2002, 58
Natural Resources Defense Council, 155–56
Navy, U.S., 17, 153, 179
Headquarters in Europe, 154
Navy Engineering Logistics Office (NELO), 127
Navy SEALs, 40
Nebuchadnezzar II, 51–52
Negroponte, John, 92
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 80
“Neighborhood Girl” (Shreffler), 10–11
Nelson, Bill, 262
Nemesis (goddess), 10–11, 243–44, 279
neoconservatives, 142, 148–49, 198–99, 210–11, 215–16, 231
neoliberalism, 82, 164
Nero, emperor of Rome, 70
Neumann, Michael, 74
New Deal, 272–73
New Republic, 102
Newsweek, 125, 159, 160
New Yorker, 37, 122, 167
New York Journal-American, 176
New York Times, 3, 38, 44, 48, 58, 80, 81, 100, 106, 123, 135, 146, 156, 159, 209, 255, 256, 266, 268
Magazine, 73
New Zealand, 75, 157
Nicaragua, 3, 19, 94, 103–4, 112–13, 163–65, 248. See also Iran-Contra scandal
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 76
Niger, 100, 148
Nimrud excavations, 52, 48
9/11 Commission (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States), 98–99, 123
Report, 137
Nineveh, 52
Nixon, Richard M., 54, 92, 94–96, 104, 106–8, 121, 246–47, 250
noise pollution, 173–74, 195
nongovernmental organizatons (NGOs), 152
Nordstrom, 263
Noriega, Roger, 168
North, Oliver, 112–13
North, Thomas, 67
North Africa, 63, 147–48
North American Treaty Organization (NATO), 5, 141, 171–72, 174
Northcom, 61
Northeast Asia, 143, 157
Northern Alliance, 35–37, 100, 143
North Korea, 94, 145, 199, 205, 207, 210, 221, 223
Northrop Grumman, 212, 225, 257, 264
North Vietnam, 96
nuclear weapons, 7–8, 98–100, 138, 141, 154–56, 202, 206, 208–10, 212–13, 241, 274, 276
Obering, Henry, 225
Observer, 137
Occidental Petroleum Co., 165
Octavian, 66–69
Office of Legal Counsel, 36, 251
Office of National Estimates, 94
Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA), 50
Office of Special Plans, 99–100
oil, 6, 46, 51, 142, 147–48, 158, 162, 165–66, 199, 203, 219
oil for food program, 28