Wizard
Page 69
23. NT, 1916/1992, on his work with alternating currents, p. 62.
24. NT, “Mr. Tesla Before the Royal Institution,” pp. 247-49.
25. Ibid., pp. 250-52.
26. Ibid., p. 292.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid. [paraphrased in part].
29. Isaac Asimov, Asimov’s Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1964), p. 347.
30. NT, My Inventions, p. 82.
31. Leland Anderson, Slide presentation and lecture before the International Tesla Society, Colorado Springs, Colo., August 1988.
32. NT, My Inventions, p. 82 [condensed].
33. J. A. Fleming to NT, February 5, 1892, in NT, Tribute to Nikola Tesla 1961, p. LS-13.
34. Asimov, Asimov’s Biographical Encyclopedia, p. 364.
35. William Crookes to NT, March 5, 1892, in NT, Tribute to Nikola Tesla, p. LS-12.
26. William Crookes, “Some Possibilities of Electricity,” Fortnightly Review, February 1892, pp. 173-81.
37. Crookes became president of the Society of Psychical Research in 1896; Lodge, in 1901; and Rayleigh, in 1919.J. J. Thomson was a vice president. See A. Koestler, Roots of Coincidence (New York: Vintage, 1972), pp. 32-34.
38. William Crookes, “D.D. Home,” Quarterly Journal of Science, January 1874 [condensed]. See also C. J. Ducasse, “The Philosophical Importance of Psychic Phenomena,” in J. Ludwig, ed., Philosophy and Parapsychology (Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1978), p. 138.
39. Crookes to NT, March 5, 1892.
40. NT, “Elliott Cresson Gold Medal Presentation,” in Tribute to Nikola Tesla, p. D-4.
41. NT, “Mechanical Therapy” (undated), in Tesla Said, p. 286.
42. Robert O. Becker, “Direct Current Neural Systems,” Psychoenergetic Systems 2 (1976), pp. 190-91.
43. “Tesla’s Experiments,” Electrical Review, April 9, 1892, p. 1.
44. NT to GW, September 12, 1892 [LC].
45. NT, Tribute to Nikola Tesla, p. LS-69; see also B. A. Behrend, The Induction Motor (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1921), pp. 6-7.
46. NT, My Inventions, pp. 94-95.
47. Ibid., p. 95.
48. Ibid., p. 104.
49. Ibid.
50. Ibid., pp. 104-5.
51. William Broad to author, 1986.
52. “Honors to Nikola Tesla from King Alexander I,” in Electrical Engineer, February 1, 1893, p. 125.
53. N. Pribic, “Nikola Tesla: The Human Side of a Scientist,” Tesla Journal November 2 and 3, 1982/1983, p. 25.
54. Ambrose Fleming, “Nikola Tesla,” Journal of Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, 91, February 1944, in Tribute to Nikola Tesla, p. A-215.
55. J. G. O’Hara and W. Pricha, Hertz and the Maxwellians (London: Peter Peregrinus, 1987), p. 5.
56. Hertz’s decision to eliminate scalar potentials was also a puzzlement to Oliver Heaviside, who corresponded frequently with the German scientist during this same period. “I am quite of your opinion, that you have gone further on than Maxwell,” Heaviside wrote in 1889, “[but] electrostatical (scalar) potential and magnetical (scalar) potential ought to remain I think.” Heaviside, however, like Hertz, was in agreement with the idea of dispensing with vector potentials.
57. NT, “On the Dissipation of the Electrical Energy of the Hertz Resonator,” Electrical Engineer, December 21, 1892, p. 587-88, in Tesla Said, pp. 22-23.
58. “NT tells of New Radio Theories,” New York Herald Tribune, September 22, 1929, pp. 1, 29; in NT, Tesla Said, pp. 225-26.
59. NT, “The True Wireless,” Electrical Experimenter, May 1919, p. 28.
60. Tesla researcher Tom Bearden has gone so far as to say that the Hertzian decision to eliminate scalar waves and vector potentials from Maxwell’s equations created a flaw in the next theoretical development called quantum mechanics. It was for this reason, Bearden speculates, that Einstein could not create a unified field theory. Bearden suggests bringing back these components along with another abandoned aspect called quaternion theory. He further suggests that by utilizing Tesla transmitters to produce converging powerfully pumped scalar waves, spinners and twisters can be created, that is, local space/time can be curved, and large amounts of power can be transmitted wirelessly over long distances (Tom Bearden, “Scalar Waves and Tesla Technology,” paper presented at the International Tesla Society Symposium, Colorado Springs, Colo., August 1988).
61. NT, My Inventions, p. 83.
Chapter 11: Father of the Wireless, pp. 98-109
1. NT, The Inventions, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla, T. C. Martin, ed. (1893), p. 149.
2. J. Ratzlaff and L. Anderson, Dr. Nikola Tesla Bibliography, 1884-1978 (Palo Alto, Calif.: Ragusen Press, 1970), p. 21.
3. John O’Neill, Prodigal Genius: The Life Story of N. Tesla (New York: Ives Washburn, 1944), p. 101.
4. Moses King, King’s Handbook of New York (New York: F. A. Ferris & Co., 1894), p. 230
5. Walter Stephenson, “Nikola Tesla and the Electric Light of the Future,” Scientific American Supplement, March 30, 1895, pp. 16408-09; NT to Simp. Majstorovic, Jan. 2, 1893, in Correspondence with Relatives, p. 31.
6. NT, “On the Dissipation of Electrical Energy of the Hertz Resolution,” (Dec. 21, 1892), in Tesla Said, pp. 22-23.
7. NT, Inventions, Researches and Writings, p. 347.
8. NT to Fodor, September 9, 1892; November 27, 1892; January 1, 1893; March 19, 1893 [LC].
9. NT to Petar Mandic, Dec. 8, 1893, in Correspondence with Relatives, p. 41.
10. NT to Thurston, November 4, 1892; January 23, 1893; February 21, 1893; October 23, 1893 [WBP].
11. NT to GW, September 27, 1892 [LC].
12. Henry Prout, George Westinghouse: An Intimate Portrait (New York: Wiley, 1939), p. 143.
13. Reconstructed from NT to GW, September 12, 1892 [LC].
14. Benjamin Lamme, An Autobiography (New York: Putnam’s, 1926), p. 66.
15. NT to GW, September 12, 1892 [LC].
16. Page Smith, The Rise of Industrial America. vol. 6 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984), p. 486-88.
17. NT, “On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena” (Feb./Mar. 1893), in Inventions, Researches, pp. 294-95.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid., p. 299.
20. Ibid., p. 299.
21. James Coleman, Relativity for the Layman. New York: Mentor Books, 1958, p. 44.
22. NT, “Radio Power Will Revolutionize the World,” Modern Mechanix & Invention, 71, 1934, pp. 40-42, 117-19.
23. T. C. Martin, “The Tesla Lecture in St. Louis,” Electrical Engineer, March 18, 1893, pp. 248-49.
24. NT, “Experiments with Alternate Currents…” (May 20, 1891), in Inventions, Researches, p. 148.
25. “An infinitesimal world, with molecules and their atoms spinning and moving in orbits, in much the same manner as celesial bodies, carrying with them and probably spinning with them ether, or in other words, carrying with them static charges, seems to my mind the most probable view, and one which in a plausible manner, accounts for most of the phenomena observed. The spinning of the molecules and their ether sets up the ether tensions or electrostatic strains; the equalization of ether tensions sets up ether motions or electric currents, and the orbital movements produce the effects of electro and permanent magnetism.” NT, “Experiments With Alternate Currents of Very High Frequency and Their Application to Methods of Artificial Illumination,” lecture delivered before the American Institute of Electrical Engineers at Columbia College (May 20, 1891). In T. C. Martin, ed., The Inventions, Researches, and Writings of Nikola Tesla (New York: Electrical Engineer, 1893), p. 149.
26. Orrin Dunlop, Radio’s 100 Men of Science (New York: Harper and Bros., 1944), pp. 156-58.
27. NT, “How Cosmic Forces Shape Our Destiny,” New York American, February 27, 1925, in Lectures, Patents, Articles, p. A-172.
28. Ibid.
29. NT, “On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena,” (Feb/March 1893), in Inventions, Resea
rches, p. 301.
30. Ibid., p. 347.
31. Ibid., p. 347.
32. William Broughton Jr., “William Broughton Dedication Speech,” Schenectady Museum, Schenectady, N.Y., February 6, 1976 [Nick Basura Archives].
33. NT, Inventions, Researches and Writings, p. 348.
34. NT, My Inventions, p. 29.
35. William Preece, “On the Transmission of Electrical Signals Through Space,” Electrical Engineer, August 30, 1893, p. 209.
36. O. E. Dunlap, 1944, pp. 58-59; also James Corum lecture, One Hundred Years of Resonator Development, ITS Conference, Colorado Springs, Colo., 1992.
37. M. Josephson, Thomas Alva Edison (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959), p. 128.
38. R. Conot, Streak of Luck (New York: Bantam, 1981), p. 95.
39. Preece, “On the Transmission of Electrical Signals.”
40. A. Slaby, “The New Telegraphy,” Century, 1897, pp. 867-77.
41. Oliver Lodge, Talks About Wireless (New York: Cassell, 1925), p. 32.
42. NT, “The True Wireless,” Electrical Experimenter, May 1919, pp. 28-30, 61-63, 87; in Solutions to Tesla’s Secrets, pp. 62-68.
Chapter 12: Electric Sorcerer, pp. 110-121
1. “New Electric Inventions,” New York Recorder, June 15; 1891.
2. NT, “Nikola Tesla and His Wonderful Discoveries,” Electrical World, April 29, 1893, pp. 323-24.
3. “Tesla and His Wonderful Discoveries,” New York Herald, April 23, 1893; NT, “Nikola Tesla and His Wonderful Discoveries,” pp. 323-24.
4. [WBP].
5. TCM, “Tesla’s Lecture in St. Louis,” Electrcial Engineer, March 8, 1893, pp. 248-49.
6. [WBP].
7. TCM, “Tesla’s Lecture in St. Louis,” Electrical Engineer, March 8, 1893.
8. NT, “On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena,” Electrical Engineer, June 28, 1893, p. 627.
9. NT, “Nikola Tesla & His Wonderful Discoveries,” Electrical World, April 29, 1893, pp. 323-24.
10. Ibid.
11. NT, “On Phenomena Produced by Electric Force,” in Inventions, Researches and Writings, February/March 1893, p. 318.
12. Ibid., p. 318-19.
13. TCM, “A New Edison on the Horizon,” Review of Reviews, March 1894, p. 355.
14. Martin, “Tesla’s Lecture in St. Louis,” March 8, 1893.
15. NT, Inventions, Researches and Writings, p. 349.
16. M. Josephson, Thomas Alva Edison (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1954), p. 235.
17. Thomas Edison, “A Long Chat With the Most Interesting Man in the World,” Morning Journal, July 26, 1891 [TAE].
18. NT, “Nikola Tesla and His Wonderful Discoveries,” Electrical World, April 29, 1893, from New York Herald, April 23, 1893.
19. NT, My Inventions, p. 41.
20. Ibid., p. 83.
21. TCM, “Tesla’s Oscillator and Other Inventions,” Century, April 1895, pp. 916-33.
22. Ibid. See also NT, Nikola Tesla: Lectures 1956, pp. P-141-145, P-225-231.
23. NT, “On Phenomena Produced by Electrostatic Force,” in Inventions, Researches, and Writings, February/March, 1893, pp. 319-21.
24. William Cameron. The World’s Fair: A Pictorial History of the Columbian Exposition (New Haven, Conn.: James Brennan & Co., 1894), pp. 108, 669-70; Stanley Applebaum, The Chicago World’s Fair of 1893: A Pictorial Record (New York: Dover, 1980), pp. 96-97, 106.
25. W. E. Cameron, World’s Fair, pp. 641-85.
26. Ibid., p. 316.
27. Ibid., p. 318.
28. J. Barrett, Electricity at the Columbian Exposition (Chicago: Donnelley & Sons, 1894), pp. 168-69; “Mr. Tesla’s Personal Exhibit at the World’s Fair,” Electrical Engineer, November 29, 1893, pp. 466-68.
29. Cameron, World’s Fair, p. 325; G. R. Davis, World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893 (Philadelphia: W. Houston & Co., 1893), p. 127; World’s Fair Youth Companion (Boston: 1893), p. 19.
30. “Electricians Listen in Wonder to the ‘Wizard of Physics,’” Chicago Tribune, August 26, 1893 (Edison Archives).
31. “Tesla’s Egg of Columbus,” Electrical Experimenter, March 1919, p. 775.
Chapter 13: The Filipovs, pp. 122-131
1. TCM, “Nikola Tesla,” Century, February 1894, pp. 582-85.
2. “Electricians Listen in Wonder to the ‘Wizard of Physics’,” August 26, 1893.
3. TCM, “A New on the Horizon,” Review of Reviews, March 1894, p. 355.
4. Arthur Brisbane, “Our Foremost Electrician, Nikola Tesla,” World, July 22, 1894.
5. Robert Underwood Johnson, Remembered Yesterdays (Boston: Little Brown, 1923).
6. W. T. Stephenson, “Electric Light of the Future,” Outlook March 9, 1895, pp. 384-356.
7. Ibid. [The experience of this reporter was adapted to the Johnson meeting]
8. Ibid.
9. NT to RUJ, January 8, 1894 [BCU].
10. NT to RUJ, December 7, 1893 [BCU].
11. NT, “Introductory Note on Zmai,” in R. U. Johnson, Songs of Liberty and Other Poems (New York: Century, 1897), pp. 43-47.
12. KJ to NT [NTM].
13. Ibid., April 3, 1896.
14. Ibid., December 6, 1897.
15. Ibid., June 6, 1898.
16. TCM to KJ, January 8, 1894 [BLCU].
17. TCM to NT, January 22, 1894 [NTM].
18. Johnson, Remembered Yesterdays, p. 400.
19. Ibid.
20. Mark Twain to NT, March 4, 1894; RUJ to NT, March 5, 1894; NT to RUJ, April 26, 1894 [BLCU].
21. Mark Twain Papers [BLCU].
22. F. Anderson, ed., Mark Twain’s Notebooks and Journals, vol. 3, 1883-1891 (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1979), p. 431.
23. Ibid.
24. NT, My Inventions, p. 53.
25. NT, 1897, pp. 286-87.
26. NT to RUJ, May 2, 1894 [BLCU].
27. NT to KJ, May 2, 1894 [BLCU].
28. TCM to NT, February 17, 1894 [NTM].
29. Nicholas Pribic, “Nikola Tesla: The Human Side of a Scientist,” Tesla Journal, nos. 2 & 3 (1982-83), p. 25.
30. TCM to NT, February 6, 1894 [NTM].
31. J. Abraham and R. Savin, Elihu Thomson Correspondence (New York: Academic Press, 1971), p. 352.
32. TCM to RUJ, February 7, 1894 [BLCU].
33. NT, “Elliott Cresson Gold Medal Award,” Tribute to Nikola Tesla, p. D-5.
34. RUJ to H. G. Osborn, May 7, 1894 [BLCU].
35. H. G. Osborn to Seth Low, January 30, 1894 [BLCU].
Chapter 14: Niagara Power, pp. 132-137
1. NT, My Inventions, p. 48.
2. E. D. Adams, Niagara Power: 1886-1918 (New York: Niagara Falls Power Co., 1927), pp. 148-49; H. Passer, The Electrical Manufacturers: 1875-1900 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953), pp. 283-84.
3. Ibid.
4. T. Hughes, Networks of Power (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983), pp. 97-98, 238-39.
5. J. A. Fleming, “Nikola Tesla,” in Tribute to Nikola Tesla (1961), p. A-222.
6. Hughes, in Networks of Power, wrote, “It is difficult to understand why he [Ferranti] and his financial backers took such a great leap beyond the state of existing technology in their Depford project.” Hughes, loath to give Tesla unequivocal credit, was therefore unable to make the connection.
7. H. Satterlee, J. Pierpont Morgan: An Intimate Portrait (New York: Macmillan, 1939), pp. 194, 221, 228, 269, 300, 307, 325.
8. R. Conot, Streak of Luck: The Life Story of Edison (New York: Bantam Books, 1981), p. 340.
9. H. Passer, Electrical Manufacturers, p. 285.
10. E. D. Adams, Niagara Power, pp. 173, 176, 185.
11. Charles Scott, “Nikola Tesla’s Achievements in the Electrical Art,” AIEE Transactions, 1943 [Archives, Westinghouse Corp.].
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., pp. 179-87.
14. David Woodbury, Beloved Scientist: Elihu Thomson (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1944), p. 214.
15. Electrical World, May 25, 1
895, p. 603.
16. H. Passer, Electrical Manufacturers, p. 292.
17. H. Prout, p. 144.
18. H. Passer, p. 298.
19. Woodbury; Abraham and Savin. Interestingly, Passer, 1953, whose work is a primary source for this event, completely misunderstood Tesla’s central role in the Niagara project, even though he had access to the files of G.E. and Westinghouse. Passer could not understand why the contract was given to Westinghouse over G.E.
20. H. Passer, p. 292.
21. F. L. Stetson, in de Lancey Rankine, Memorabilia of William Birch Rankine, (Niagara Falls: Power City Press, 1926), p. 28.
22. “Nikola Tesla and His Works,” Review of Reviews, August 8, 1894, p. 215.
23. “Nikola Tesla and His Work,” New York Times, September 16, 1894, 20:1-4.
24. “Tesla’s Work at Niagara,” New York Times, July 16, 1895, 10:5.
25. NT to JJA, January 6, 1899 [NTM].
26. “The Nikola Tesla Company,” Electrical Engineering, February 13, 1895, p. 149.
27. NT to JJA, January 6, 1899 [NTM].
Chapter 15: Effulgent Glory, pp. 138-145
1. D. McFarlan Moore to NT, June 13, 1931.In Tribute to Tesla 1961, p. LS-41.
2. TCM to NT, February 6, 1894 (some paraphrasing for readability’s sake).
3. TCM to NT, May 7, 1894.
4. T. C. Martin, “Tesla’s Oscillator and Other Inventions,” Century, April 1895, in Tribute to Nikola Tesla, 1961, pp. A-11-32.
5. Ibid., July 18, 1894.
6. NT to RUJ, December 4, 1894 [BLCU].
7. Ibid., p. A-20.
8. EE. “American Electr-Therapeutic Association”; “An Evening in Tesla’s Laboratory,” Electrical Engineering, October 3, 1894, pp. 278-79.
9. NT vs. Reginald A. Fessenden, Interference, 21:701, April 16, 1902, p. 20 [Scherff papers, BLCU].
10. Herbert Spencer, The Principles of Biology (New York: Appleton, 1896).
11. NT, April 16, 1902, p. 19; “The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires As a Means for Furthering Peace,” Electrical World, January 1905, pp. 21-24.
12. T. C. Martin, op. cit. April 1895, in Tribute to Nikola Tesla, 1961, pp. A-31-32.
13. Ibid.
14. “NT and his works,” Review of Reviews, August 1894, p. 215.