Snarleyyow, 43
Marx, Karl, 69
Mary, queen of England, 18
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT):
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Lab, 102–4, 112, 125, 135, 212, 213
corporate-funded research in, 210–13, 265
government contracts in, 208–9
hacker attack on, 262–63
hacker ethic at, 206, 212
International Puzzle Mystery Hunt Competition, 204, 227, 270
and JSTOR, 197–201, 215–16, 256
and library of the future, 81–82
Media Lab, 203–4, 212–13, 219, 232, 250, 270
and Project Intrex, 82, 83, 90, 91
reputation for openness in, 206–7, 213, 256
Swartz barred from, 222, 227
and Swartz’s death, 262, 264–65
Swartz’s downloads from, 1, 3, 197–202, 207, 213, 215, 235
and Swartz’s legal woes, 232, 249–50, 254, 262, 264–65
as technical institute, 207–8
Mathews, Cornelius, 50–53
Mayersohn, Jeffrey, 252, 257
McCollum, Bill, 119
McGill, Meredith L., 31
McGrane, Reginald, 44
McKim, Charles Follen, 67
McLean, Sam, 258
McLeod, Kembrew, 48
McSherry, Corynne, Who Owns Academic Work?, 88–89
Mead Data Central, 184, 185
Megaupload, 226
Melville, Herman, 52
Memex, 82–83, 108
Menendez, Bob, 242
Menken, Alan, 110–11
Merkley, Jeff, 242
Merton, Robert K., “The Normative Structure of Science,” 209–10, 212
Milic, Louis T., 96
Miller, Perry, The Raven and the Whale, 51
mimeograph, 69, 88
Mosaic, 108
Moses, Robert, 203
Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), 111, 239, 243
motion pictures, 69
movable type, invention of, 18
MoveOn, 258
MS-DOS, 106
Mumford, L. Quincy, 84
Murdock, Georgia Ann, 85
Murphy, Joseph, 215
Murphy, Lawrence Parke, 55
music industry:
and copyright law, 72–73, 74–76, 84, 85, 87, 110–11
and iTunes, 153, 178
major record labels, 154
and Napster, 133
new technologies in, 69, 71, 87, 133, 152–53
pay what you can, 154
peer-to-peer file sharing, 133, 152–54
piracy in, 73, 87, 134, 152–54
public-performance clause, 87
royalties in, 77, 87
Music Publishers’ Association, 72
Napster, 133
National Endowment for the Humanities, 117
National Science Foundation (NSF), 82
Nature Conservancy, The, 129
Neuefeind, Bettina, 252
newspapers:
cost of newsprint, 55
“Golden Age of Newspaper Hoaxes,” 48
illustrated, 52
popularity of, 69
postage rates for, 31, 34
primary source of cultural information, 31–32, 48, 49, 51
propaganda in, 60, 62
syndicated material in, 60
uncopyrighted, 31
newsstands, 55
Newton, Isaac, 210
New York World’s Fair (1964), 79–81
No Electronic Theft Act (NET Act), 119, 132–33, 237
nonprofit organizations, inefficiencies of, 259
North American Review, 35, 70, 71
Norton, Ada, 258
Norton, Quinn, 174
meeting of Swartz and, 131–32
and Open Access Manifesto, 180–81
subpoenaed by prosecutors, 1–2, 227–29
and Swartz’s arrest, 217, 222
Swartz’s relationship with, 2–3, 9–10, 161, 229, 234
Not a Bug, 150–51, 156, 158–59, 164
O’Brien, Danny, 131
O’Connell, John J., 76
Ohanian, Alexis, 149–50, 158–59
Omidyar Network, 185
Online Book Initiative, 112
Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), 179–80
open access, 174–81, 189–90, 230
Open Content Alliance, 162–64
open-information movement, 98, 103
Open Library, 163, 173, 179, 223, 228, 267
O’Reilly Media, 129, 131
Ortiz, Carmen M., 4–5, 264
Oyama, Katherine, 239
Pallante, Maria, 239
Panic of 1837, 44
papermaking, wood-pulp, 55
Pasco, Samuel, 63, 64
Patel, Amit, 165
Patry, William, 26, 31
Moral Panics and the Copyright Wars, 133
penny press, 48
Perault, Jay, 216, 217
Peters, Elliot, 6, 254, 256–57, 261, 263
Peters, Marybeth, 120
Peterson, John R., 86
Philadelphia, publishers in, 47
photocopier, 87–88
piano rolls, 71, 75
Pickering, John, 35
Pickett, Michael, 215, 216, 217
Pierce, Albert, 217
Pinterest, 241
pioneering spirit, 112
PIPA (2011), 230–31, 237–44, 247, 248
piracy, 86–87
and cheap books, 56, 58, 61
and hackers, 104
and legislation, 50, 61, 120, 133, 225–27
and literacy, 39
in music industry, 73, 87, 134, 152–54
online infringement, 133
in schools, 88
and sharing, 4, 133, 137, 152–54, 179
Stop Online Piracy Act, 238–44
unauthorized access as, 13–14
of works by non-US authors, 39, 42–43, 53, 268
Poe, Edgar Allan, 52
Poe, Ted, 239, 242
Posner, Richard, 121
postal system, 31, 34, 56
Post Office Act (1792), 31
Pound, George W., 74, 76
Preventing Real Online Threats, see PIPA
printing press:
development of, 18, 98–99
steam-driven, 48
printing technology, 18, 48, 69
Progressive Change Campaign Committee (PCCC), 202–3, 225
Project Gutenberg, 99, 105–7, 108–9, 112–15, 117, 118, 237, 242
Project Intrex, 82, 83, 90, 91
property laws:
and copyright, 5, 11, 26, 39, 65, 223, 268
and intellectual property, 13–14, 88
Protestant Reformation, 99
Public Access to Court Electronic Records (PACER), 185–93, 202, 223, 267
public domain:
archiving all books in, 135, 162, 163, 173
challenge to legitimacy of, 86, 140
classic titles in, 118
and Congress, 111–12, 132–34
and copyright laws, 3–4, 86, 115
and copyright term, 4, 110–11, 134–35
and Eldred v. Ashcroft, 122–23
and free culture movement, 3–4
as penalty vs. opportunity, 115
and public access, 185–87
purpose of, 112
and social value, 4, 135
Public Knowledge, 230
public.resource.org, 185
Publishers’ Weekly, 53, 56, 58, 59
publishing:
of academic research, 175–77, 178
as “best-seller system,” 65
commercial viability of, 13, 25–26, 39, 121, 175
“courtesy of the trade,” 54–56, 65
electronic, 120
and invention of movable type, 18
of non-US books, 39, 41, 46–47
percentage of authors’ royalties to, 41
prote
ctionist laws, 120
serials pricing crisis in, 175
of unauthorized editions, 42–43, 53, 56
white-shoe East Coast, 54–55
Putnam, George Haven, 53–55, 56, 57
and free public libraries, 70
and international copyright, 53, 59, 60, 64
Memories of a Publisher, 54
Putnam, George Palmer, 45
Putnam, Herbert:
as Boston head librarian, 67, 70
and copyright law revisions, 72–73, 75–76
death of, 78
as librarian of Congress, 70–71, 77–78
on public libraries, 80, 100
Putnam, John, 71
Putnam’s, 52
Quine, Willard Van Orman, 217
Radway, Janice A., 69
Ramsay, David, 25, 34
Rand, Ayn, Atlas Shrugged, 107
RAND Corporation, 82
Raw Nerve, 251–53, 255
ask others for help, 252–53, 257
believe you can change, 251–52
confront reality, 254
lean into the pain, 252, 257
on systemic failure, 265
take a step back, 252
reading:
cheap books, 52, 55–56, 58, 59, 61
dime novels, 52, 55
e-books, 99, 107, 117
escapism in, 52
literacy rates, 25, 26–27, 39, 44, 48
penny press, 48
value of, 48–49
recorded sound, 69, 71, 74, 77
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), 134, 152–53
Reddit, 156–61, 164, 223
development of, 149–51
and Internet Censorship Day, 240, 241
sale of, 2, 156, 158, 170
Swartz’s departure from, 159–61, 171, 248
Reed Elsevier, 175, 178–79, 180, 239
Reformation, 99
Rehnquist, William, 138
Rein, Lisa, 123, 130, 139, 141, 269
Remember Aaron Swartz, 261
Rensselaer, Stephen van, 35
resource.org, 187
Reville, Nicholas, 152
robotic harvesting, 198–99
Romuald (monk), 169
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 78, 82, 208
Roosevelt, Theodore, 70, 75
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 151
Rules, The, breakers of, 14
Rush, Benjamin, 33
Russell, Bertrand, 254
Ryshke, Robert, 127
Sadler, Bess, 181
Santana, Carlos, 111
Scalia, Antonin, 121
Scheiber, Noam, 201
Schoen, Seth, 8, 138–39, 144, 148
Schonfeld, Roger, JSTOR, 195, 196
Schoolyard Subversion (blog), 126
Schulman, John, 85
Schultze, Stephen, 189
Schwartz, John, 191
Schweber, S. S., 208–9
Scialabba, George, 5
scientific ethos, 210
scientific research:
community ownership of, 210
corporate funding of, 209–13
government funding of, 82–83, 101, 174
military funding of, 209
serials pricing crisis in, 175
Scoble, Robert, 131
Scott, Sir Walter, 42
Scribner, Charles, 61, 63
Scrutton, Sir Thomas, 84
Scudder, Horace, 23–24
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 183–85
Segal, David, 225, 231, 236, 238
Semantic Web, 267
Seuss Enterprises, 134
Shepard, Alan, 78
Shove, Raymond, 58
Silicon Valley, 152, 157, 161, 165, 167, 267
Simon, Taryn, 244
Simonds, William E., 61
Singel, Ryan, 229
Smith, Lamar, 238
Snyder, K. Alan, 34
Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA, 1998), 118–20, 122, 139, 172, 269
Soros, George, 201
Sousa, John Philip, 74–75, 77
stagecoaches, postal mail delivered by, 31
Stallman, Richard, 102–5, 107, 190, 268
Stamos, Alex, 256
Stanford University, 143–45
Stationers’ Company, England, 18–19
Statute of Anne, 19–20, 30–31
Stearns, Richard, 120
Stedman, Edmund Clarence, 64
STEM journals, 175
stereotype printing, 48
Stern, Madeleine B., 52, 55
Stevenson, Louise, 48–49
Stinebrickner-Kauffman, Taren:
and Swartz’s death, 261, 262
and Swartz’s legal woes, 3, 5, 234, 249, 250–51, 257
Swartz’s relationship with, 1, 6, 9–10, 214, 233–34, 241, 243–44, 252, 258, 260
Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA, 2011), 238–44, 248
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 52
Summer Founders Program, 147, 148, 149, 204
Summers, John, 5
Sundance Film Festival, 14
Supreme Court, US:
computer system of, 121
Eldred v. Ashcroft, 122–23, 124, 129, 134, 136–41, 242
Swartz, Aaron, 123–32
on A/B testing the revolution, 7, 215
arrest of, 1, 5, 7, 222, 229; see also Swartz’s legal case
as “big hacker,” 223, 237
blogs of, 3, 126, 137, 140, 144, 155, 160, 162, 166, 204, 206, 251
Bubble City, 164–65
and copyright reform movement, 124
and Creative Commons, 130
in Cupramontana, 170, 173–74, 177–78
death of, 10, 11, 14, 261–66
and Eldred v. Ashcroft, 137–38, 140
FBI file on, 191–92, 223
fleeing the system, 8, 145, 151, 158–59, 161, 171, 173, 193, 248, 267
and free culture movement, 3–4, 141, 152–55, 167, 223
and Harvard, 3, 205, 207, 223, 224, 229
health issues of, 9, 150, 165–66, 222
immaturity of, 8–9
and Infogami, 147, 148–51, 158
interests of, 6–7, 8–9, 204, 221
“Internet and Mass Collaboration, The,” 166–67
lawyers for, 6, 254–55
legacy of, 14–15, 268, 269–70
and Library of Congress, 139
and Malamud, 187–93, 222, 223
manifesto of, 6–7, 178–81, 189–90, 201, 228–30, 247
mass downloading of documents by, 1, 3, 188–94, 197–202, 207, 213, 215, 222, 228, 235
media stories about, 125
and MIT, 1, 3, 201, 204, 207, 213, 222, 227, 232, 249–50, 262
and money, 170–71
on morality and ethics, 205–6
and Open Library, 163, 173, 179, 223, 228
and PCCC, 202–3, 225
as private person/isolation of, 2–3, 5, 124, 127, 143, 154–55, 158–60, 166, 169, 205, 224, 227, 228, 248–49, 251
and public domain, 123
as public speaker, 213–14, 224, 243, 257
and Reddit, see Reddit
The Rules broken by, 14
“saving the world” on bucket list of, 7, 8, 15, 125, 151–52, 181, 205–6, 247–48, 266, 267, 268
self-help program of, 251–53
and theinfo.org, 172–73
and US Congress, 224–25, 239–40
Swartz, Robert:
and Aaron’s death, 261, 262, 264
and Aaron’s early years, 124, 127
and Aaron’s legal woes, 232, 250, 254
and MIT Media Lab, 203–4, 212, 219, 232, 250
and technology, 124, 212
Swartz, Susan, 128–29, 160, 192
Swartz’s legal case:
as “the bad thing,” 3, 7–8, 234
change in defense strategy, 256–57
evidence-suppression hearing, 259–60
facts of,
11
felony charges in, 235, 253
grand jury, 232–33
indictment, 1, 5, 8, 10, 11, 233, 234, 235–37, 241, 253–54
investigation and capture, 215–17, 223, 228
JSTOR’s waning interest in, 231–32
manifesto as evidence in, 228–30
motion to suppress, 6
motives sought in, 223, 229
Norton subpoenaed in, 1–2, 227–29
ongoing, 248, 249–51
online petitions against, 236–37
original charges in, 218, 222
plea deals offered, 227, 250
possible prison sentence, 1, 2, 5, 7–8, 11, 222, 232, 235–36, 253, 260
potential harm assessed, 218, 219, 222, 235
prosecutor’s zeal in, 7–8, 11, 218, 222–24, 235–37, 253–54, 259–60, 263, 264
search and seizure in, 6, 223–24, 256–57
Symbolics, 103
systems, flawed, 265–67
T. & J. W. Johnson, 49
Tammany Hall, New York, 57
tech bubble, 146, 156
technology:
Bayesian statistics in, 258–59
burgeoning, 69, 71, 84, 87–88
communication, 12, 13, 18, 87–88
computing, see computers
and digital culture, 122
and digital utopia, 91, 266–67
of electronic publishing, 120
and intellectual property, 90–91
and irrational exuberance, 146
in library of the future, 81–83
as magic, 152
moving inexorably forward, 134
overreaching police action against, 233
power of metadata, 128, 130
as private property, 210
resisting change caused by, 120
saving humanity via, 101
thinking machines, 102
unknown, future, 85
and World War II, 208
telephone, invention of, 69
Templeton, Brad, 261
theinfo.org, 172–73
theme parks, 134
ThoughtWorks, 9, 248, 257, 258
“thumb drive corps,” 187, 191, 193
Toyota Motor Corporation, “lean production” of, 7, 257, 265
Trumbull, John, McFingal, 26
trust-busting, 75
Tucher, Andie, 34
Tufte, Edward, 263–64
“tuft-hunter,” use of term, 28
Tumblr, 240
Twain, Mark, 60, 62, 73
Tweed, William “Boss,” 57
Twitter, 237
Ulrich, Lars, 133
United States:
Articles of Confederation, 26
copyright laws in, 26–27
economy of, 44–45, 51, 55, 56
freedom to choose in, 80, 269
industrialization, 57
literacy in, 25, 26–27, 39, 44, 48
migration to cities in, 57
national identity of, 28, 32
new social class in, 69–70
opportunity in, 58, 80
poverty in, 59
railroads, 55, 56
rustic nation of, 44–45
values of, 85
UNIVAC computer, 81, 90
Universal Studios Orlando, 134
The Idealists Page 35