Gray, Samuel, 49
Gray Panthers, 304
Great Britain (oppression), founding leader freedom declaration, 51–52
Great Depression
job generation, 254–255
social/legislative advances, 455–456
Great Society
effort, cessation, 308
social/legislative advances, 455–456
Greeley, Horace, 195
Lincoln letter, 195
Greene, Charity, 159
Greenough, Horatio (statue), African American school children (photo), 20
Green Party, McKinley alliance, 400
Gregory, Dick, 381, 383–387, 391–393
popularity/talent, usage, 391–392
Grose, Dean (resignation), 447–448
Grupski, Thomas, 296
Guantanamo Bay prison
closure, 456
legal limbo, 24
Hadley, Stephen, 330
Haiti, revolution (1791), 228
Hall, Cesar (free black laborer) (Free Cesar), 125
Hall, Tanya, 100
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 56, 304, 362
testimony, 385
Hamilton, Alexander (Assumption Act), 88
Hamilton, Chico, 345
Hampton, Fred, 420
Hampton, Lionel, 342–343
Hancock, Herbie, 342, 346
Harding, Warren G. (anti-lynching speech), 250–251
Hargrave, Francis, 53
Harkless, Uncle, 78–79
“Harlem” (Ellington), 333
Harlem Spelling Bee (Secret Service email), 296
Harpers Ferry raid, 166, 173
Harris, Katherine, 326
Harris, Patricia
ambassador appointment, 308
Nixon enemy, 310
Harrison, Benjamin H., 83, 203
abolition support, 238
Harrison, William Henry (black enslavement), 145
Harry (White House black carpenter), 104, 108
Hartmann, Thom, 281, 291
Harvard Law Review, Obama presidency, 439–440
Hatcher, Richard, 396
Havel, Vaclau, 344
Hayes, Lucy Webb, 262
Hayes, Rutherford B.
election, 237
Jim Crow president, 29
presidency win, 17
Williams performance, 262
Hayes-Tilden Compromise (1876), 28–29, 233–234
Supreme Court decision, 237–238
Haynes, Roy, 343
Haynsworth Jr., Clement (Supreme Court nomination failure), 309
Haysbert, Dennis, 409–411
Head of State, 407
health care, racial disparities (continuation), 449–450
Helm, Edith, 265
Helms, Jesse, 330
racist Southern defense, 377
Hemings, James (Jefferson chef ), 83–85
Hemings, Sally, 84
Henderson, Joe, 344
Hendricks, Gerrit, 91
Henry (White House construction slave), 117
Hercules, 90
disappearance, 86
disloyalty, display (potential), 82
dress/income, 78–79
escape, 82–83
freedom, seeking, 82
Kitt pursuit, 85
Lear enquiry, 85
photograph, 78
Washington faith, 81–82
Washington search, 85
White House story, 77–86
Hercules, dower negroes, 42
Herman, Alexis, 323
Herman, Woody, 342, 384
Heston, Charlton, 343
High Street (Philadelphia), photograph, 36
Hill, Anita (sexual harassment charges), 321
Hilliard, David, 388
Hischfield, Fritz, 82–83
Historical Magazine, The, 131
historical perspective, struggle, 19–22
history, marginalization/silencing, 19–20
Hoban, James, 107–108, 144
hiring, 112
slave carpenter ownership, 108
Washington hiring, 107–108
Hoffman, Elsie, 262
Holland, Jesse, 128–129
Holland, Justin, 158
Holland Jerry/Jeremiah (free black laborer), 125
Holliday, Billie (“Strange Fruit”), 254
Hollis, Laura, 32
Home for Destitute Women and Children, 179–180
Hooks, Benjamin, 314
Hoover, Herbert, 230
long-term racial inequality opinion, 269
lynching opinion, 252
Hoover, J. Edgar, 302–303, 309–310, 361
paranoia, 388–389
Hoover, Lou (tea invitation problem), 230–231
Horton, James, 99
Horton, Wilie (campaign advertisement), 320
conservative movement cultivation, 477
House, Callie, 357–358
House Bill (HB 2281), 21
House Concurrent Resolution 57 (Conyers) (1987 passage), 343
House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA), 281
housing, racial disparities (continuation), 449–450
Hughes, Langston, 15
Humphrey, Hubert, 367
Hunter, David, 193
Hurricane Katrina, 326, 432
Bush disregard, appearance, 331
Hussein, Saddam, 430
Hutton, Bobby, 389
identity politics, 463
“I Have a Dream” (King Jr. speech), 286–287
Illinois
Democratic domination, 183
free state admission, 146
Illinois Solidarity Party, 395
immediatism (Newman), 94
importation, term, 73
“Impressions of the Far East” (Ellington), 334
incarceration, racial disparities (continuation), 449–450
Independence National Historical Park (INHP), 101
independents, involvement, 381–382
Indiana, free state admission, 146
Indian removal, 20
Industrial Farm and Institute (Garvey support), 352
institutional racism, 451
Bolden story, 280–281
challenge, 233–234
perpetuation, 32–33
insurrections, suppression, 69
Inter-Agency Liaison of the National Institute of Mental Health, 261
Iraq
al Qaeda, Bush administration linkage, 431
Bush/Cheney focus, 430
War, cessation, 456
Ireland, Samuel, 222
Ivey, William J., 344
Jack (White House construction slave), 117
Jackson, Andrew
ACS member, 148
Indian fighter reputation, 149
slavery defense, 149
Thornton letter, 126
Jackson, Jerry, 461
Jackson, Jesse, 295, 367–371, 373, 376
black political party option, 397
campaign, impact, 370
Chicago office, SCLC leadership, 420
extortion-like politics, claims, 449
Obama, political rival, 433
Jackson, Mahalia, 342
Jackson, Maurice, 92–93
Jackson, Michael, 393
Jackson, Santita, 424
Jacob (White House construction slave), 117
Jacquet, Illinois, 344
jazz, impact, 332–345
Jazz Ambassadors program, 336
Jazz Appreciation Month, 346
Jealous, Benjamin, 376
Jefferson, Thomas, 25, 63, 83
ACS member, 148
Banneker letter/criticism, 123
bigotry, 121–122
Declaration of Independence opening, 59–60
guilt, relief, 61
Hemings (mistress), 84
literary skills, usage, 60
slave emancipation advocacy, 58–59
slavery
repugnance, 51
White House project implementation, 109
Jennings, Fanny, 135
freedom (aspiration), Madison (Dolley) perspective, 135–136
Jennings, Paul, 131–142, 235, 267
activism, 132
birth, 132–133
death, 142
footman/valet, role, 133
liberation, 140
Madison (Dolley)
Polk rental, 140
relationship, 134–135
Madison (James), relationship, 131–132
nightwalking, 135
White House, footman/valet role, 133
Jesse (Jefferson slave), 48
Jim Crow
legislation attack, 30–31
opposition, 232
presence, 231–235
presidents, 244–258
segregation
enforcement, 17
policies, impact, 29
Jindal, Bobby (postraciality advocacy), 454
John Birch Society, 383
John Birks Society, 382–383
Johnson, Andrew, 28, 203, 232
Congressional removal attempt, 217
Douglass opinion, 216
impeachment attempt, 217–218, 356
Lincoln selection, 216
racism, 216–217
radicals, war, 217–218
slave re-imposition attempts, 235–236
Southern racist domination, 238
Johnson, Dolly (White House chef ), 83
Johnson, Francis B. “Frank” (1792-1844), 156–157, 260
D’Amato honor, 157–158
Johnson, James (Treasury Undersecretary), 294
Johnson, James Weldon, 252, 351
Johnson, LaVaughn Delores, 422
Johnson, Lyndon Baines
Civil Rights era impact, 30–31
crises, 23
Great Society effort, cessation, 308
photograph, 305
racial equality, 22
re-election, avoidance, 308
Johnson, Thomas, 112
Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 17
Jones, Absalom, 95
Allen, differences, 96
Jones, James Wormley, 361
Jones, Joe, 342
Jones, Sissieretta (Matilda Jones) performances, 263
Jordan, Robert, 373
Jordan, Vernon, 314
Jubilee Singers, 259–260
photograph, 259
White House performance, 260
Judge, Ona “Oney” Maria, 80
courage, 35
dower slave, 37
escape, success, 84–85
freedom, 46
preparation, 39
fugitive status, 46
hiding, 45–46
intransigence, 45–46
job, Whipple offer, 44–45
monetary value, 37
needlework/sewing skills, 38
wanted fugitive status, 40–41
Washington response, 45
just war, notion (Quaker rejection), 92
Katznelson, Ira, 29, 255
Keckly, Elizabeth (Lizzy), 169–180, 207
activity, 176–177
birth, 171–172
Colman, relationship, 210–211
death, 180
experiences, 171
go-between, 178
Lincoln (Mary) estrangement, 171
photograph, 170
rape, 172
servant/employee status, absence, 175
White House interaction, 235, 267
Wilberforce University teaching position, 179–180
Keckly, James, 173
Keith Olberman Show, The, 474
Kendall, Amos, 150
Kennedy, Edward (death), 477
Kennedy, Jacqueline, 339
Bumbry performance, 266
nondisclosure agreements, 270–271
Kennedy, John F., 299
assassination
Bolden critique, 281, 288–289
Malcom X response, 444
plot, FBI discovery, 288
Barnett deal, 283
Civil Rights era impact, 30–31
civil rights leaders, meetings, 303
domestic policies, moderateness, 301
election, black vote (importance), 302
Executive Order 10925, 302
Executive Order 11063, 302
Obama admiration, 16
victory, 277
Kennedy, Robert, 283
assassination, 308, 393
black presidency prediction, 427
Bolden introduction, 286
Kerry, John, 436, 450
Key, Francis Scott, 126
ACS member, 148
Keyes, Alan, 318–319, 378–380, 440
extremism, 379
Keyes, William, 318
Keynesian economics, impact, 30
Kifner, John, 390
King, Coretta Scott, 301–302, 314
King, Rodney (beating trial), 323, 373–374
King Jr., Martin Luther, 300, 362
assassination, 308, 383, 389
Atlanta arrest, Kennedy (impact), 301–302
Eisenhower meeting, 275–276
FBI monitoring, 302–303, 402
honor, 31
“I Have a Dream” speech, 286–287
Nobel Peace Prize, 426
photograph, 272, 305
presidency prediction, 426–427
presidential possibility, 401–403
“Time to Break Silence, A,” 306
unalienable rights, perspective, 66
King’s Bench Court, slave freedom, 53–54
King Sr., Martin, 314
Kinsey, Carrie, 236
Kirk, Elise, 264–265
Kitt, Frederick, 85
Knights of the White Camelia, brutality, 233–234
Kromm, Chris, 435
Kucinich, Dennis, 431
Kuehn, Philip, 345
Ku Klux Klan (KKK), 282, 427
bombing (1963), 287–288
brutality, 232–234
CORE challenge, 282–283
founding, 205
heroes, portrayal, 250–251
Imperial Wizard, Garvey meeting, 360
rise, 221
violence, 242–243
land, U.S. government (broken promises), 470
Landrieu, Mary L., 258
Lane, Harriet, 163
Lane, Mark, 392–393
Langdon, Elizabeth, 43
advice, 45–46
Langdon, John, 43
“Last Rose of Summer” (Moore), 262
Latin America (regional mobilization), social democratic forces (impact), 476
Latinos, organizing/breakthroughs, 299–300
Laurens, Henry, 64
Lawler Jr., Edward, 97, 100
article, response, 98
Coard response, 101–102
criticism, 101
Laws (Lawson), Annie Estelle, 418
Lawson, Arthur, 276
League of Nations, creation (struggle), 231
League of Revolutionary Black Workers, 279, 389
Lear, Tobias, 41, 81–82, 85
LeClair, Cloe, 118
Lee, Barbara, 430–431
Lee, Billy/William, 79, 90
physical disability, 79
Washington purchase, 79
Washington slave, 48
Lee, Robert, 173
Leighton, Frances Spatz, 270
Leinster House, 107
L’Enfant, Charles, 112–114
firing, 113–114
labor supply management failure, 116–117
wage payments, 114
Lepore, Jill, 80–81
Levinson, Stanley (dismissal attempt), 303
Lewis, John, 287, 300, 344
Lewis, John (pianist), 342
Lewis, Katherine Handy, 342
Liberia
; Elizabeth free black shipment, 148
emigration, Delany promotion, 189
success, 186–187
Liberty (New York Anti-Slavery Society), 98
Liberty Bell
memorial, development (overseeing), 100
movement, NPS impact, 97
outrage, 98
slavery focus, debate, 98
Liberty Bell Center
construction, 97–98
Kelly/Maiello Architects & Planners, impact, 101
location, 99
Liberty to Slaves (Black Pioneers motto), 80
Liberty Union Party, 395
Limbaugh, Rush (white reactionary), 380
bigoted tirades, 453–454
power/influence, 474–475
racist remarks, 461
Lincoln, Abby, 304, 338
Lincoln, Abraham
African Americans
lobby, 213–214
minister meeting, 185–186
relations, 214–215
assassination, 28, 178, 470
black cause, 27
black colonization advocacy, 203–204
campaign, success, 166–167
crises, 23
Delany lobby, 204–205
Douglass
meeting, 198, 205, 207
understanding, complexity, 209
Emancipation Proclamation, signing, 180–181
enigma, 181–182
General Order 11, rescinding, 194
inauguration
Douglass description, 207–208
photograph, 166
Keckly, relationship, 175
language, evasiveness, 197
Obama admiration, 16
post-assassination mythology, Douglass acceptance, 208–209
Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation issuance, 195–196
race baiting, 182–183
separation desirability explanation, 186
slavery, hatred, 207
team of rivals (Goodwin), 216
Thomas communication, 190
Truth, Sojourner
admiration, 210–211
meeting, 198
photograph, 211
USDA creation, 470
vacillation, 214–215
White House, African Americans (relationship), 198–214
Lincoln, Evelyn, 286
Lincoln, Mary, 169–170
Keckly
estrangement, 171
introduction, promise, 174
Lincoln, Robert, 180
Lincoln, Willie (death), 175–176
Linconia, 189
Lindsey, Dido Elizabeth, 53
literacy campaigns, 24
Little Rock, crisis, 275, 277
Lobato, Monteiro, 405–407
Logan, Rayford, 241
Lombardo, Guy, 342
long-term racial inequality, Hoover opinion, 269
Louisiana constitution, Congressional approval, 197
Louisiana Purchase, 147
Louis-Philippe, King (throne abdication), 137
Loury, Glenn, 318
Louverture, Toussaint, 228
Lower Creek Indians, aid, 62
Lowry, Joseph, 321
Lumumba, Patrice (assassination), 334
Lynch, Charles, 244
lynchings, 244–258
continuation (Society of American Historians information), 248
The Black History of the White House Page 55