Coolidge, nonintervention, 252
disappearance, 258
federal action, black demand, 245
increase, 221
issue, German attention, 250
Roosevelt blame, 250
Roosevelt reaction, 253–254
Taft inaction, 249
White House silence, 248–249
Ma, Yo-Yo, 329
Maddox, Lester, 469
Madison, Dolley, 132
evacuation, 134
Jennings, Paul
Polk rental, 140
relationship, 134–135
poverty/abandonment, 136
slave escapes, 136–137
Madison, James, 25, 102
death, 136
disaffection, 135
Jennings, relationship, 131–132
slave owner, 48
slavery, repugnance, 51
Magraw (White House gardener), 134
Malcolm X, 298, 304, 384
emergence, 419
mixed-race heritage, 417
Malveaux, Julianne, 376
Man, The (Wallace), 407–408
Mann, Herbie, 339
Mann, Horace, 140
Mann, Matthew, 220
Mannes, David, 260
Mansfield, Lord (William Murray), 53–54
slavery opinion, 54
manumission, right, 41
Marantz, Matt, 345
March on Washington (1963), 337
Kennedy prevention/co-opting, 303
Market Street house, construction, 90
maroon societies, creation, 24
Marsalis, Wynton, 344
photograph, 345
Marsalis family, 346
Marshall, Thurgood
retirement, 320–321
Supreme Court appointment, 307
Martin, Luther, 68–69
Maryland legislature address, 73
Martinez, Eugenio (Watergate burglar), 313
Martin Luther King Jr. National Holiday bill (1983), 343
Marx, Karl, 137
Maryland, enslave/white numbers (contrast), 111
Maryland Society for the Abolition of Slavery, cofounding, 73
Mason, George, 57–58
Mason, Lena Doolin, 219
Massachusetts, slavery (importance), 55
Masters-Penn House, 86
Maverick, Samuel, 49
McCain, Cindy, 424–425
campaign, racial hype/rhetoric, 445–446
McCain, John, 219, 329, 404
economy rescue, 432
Palin racism, problem, 452–453
votes
Confederate states, correlation, 435–436
statistics, 438
McCarthy, Joseph, 410
McClean, Margaret, 174
McCord, James (Watergate burglar), 313
McCoy, Benjamin, 185
McDonnell, Bob, 459
McDowell, Calvin (murder), 245–246
McGovern, George, 367
McKinney, Cynthia, 399–401
Green Party alliance, 400
McKinley, William
assassination attempt, 219–220, 282
death, 220
Douglass performance, 262
race riot intervention failure, 247–248
Tolbert meeting, 247–248
Wells meeting, 246
McKissick, Floyd, 401
McNair, Denise (murder), 287
McNally, Deborah, 262–263
McPartland, Marian, 344
McPherson, James M., 27, 197
McRae, Carmen, 384
media access issues, funding (absence), 364
Mehlman, Ken, 312
Memphis Scimitar, White House dinner attack, 228–229
men-body, traffic (opposition), 91–92
Middle East politics, complexity, 476
military tribunals, 24
Miller, Thomas E., 358
Milliken’s Bend, black troop murder, 205
Million Man March, 420
Mills, Clark, 128–129
Mingus, Charles, 338, 342, 384
Mires, Charlene, 100
Mississippi, slave state admission, 146
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), 385–386
Missouri, slave state inclusion (presidential support), 147
Missouri Compromise (1820), 163
Jefferson perspective, 146
Missouri Supreme Court, Dred Scott decision reversal, 162
mob-driven lynchings, disappearance, 258
mob violence, official inaction, 254
Monahon-Ward, Caley, 345
Monroe, James, 63
black enslavement, 142, 145
Monrovia, capital (etymology), 148, 189
Montes, Pedro, 153
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955), 335–336
intensity/violence, increase, 274–275
Monticello (plantation home), 110
Montpelier (plantation home), 110
Moore, Reginald G., 292–293
moral disjuncture, perception, 25–26
Morgan, Robert, 184
Morgenstern, Dan, 344
Morial, Marc, 376
Morris, Robert, 90–91
Morrison, Toni, 298, 323, 455
Morrow, E. Frederic, 297–298
Eisenhower interaction, 271–278
marginalization, 276–278
party/racial orientation, 273
photograph, 272
White House Officer for Special Projects, 276
White House position, symbolism, 274
White House treatment, 275
Moseley-Braun, Carol, 377–378, 421
Moses (White House construction slave), 117
Moss, Tom (murder), 245–246
Motley, Constance Baker (federal judgeship appointment), 308
Mount Vernon (plantation home), 110
movement activity, forms, 95
Muhammad, Elijah, 419–420
Muhammad, Warith Deen, 419
Mulligan, Gerry, 339, 342
Murray, William (Lord Mansfield), 53–54
slavery opinion, 54
My 21 Years at the White House (Fields), 267
My Boss (Gallagher), 271
My Thirty Years Backstairs at the White House (Parks), 270–271
Nance (White House construction slave), 117
Nancy (Bolles, captain), 39
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (Douglass), 201
National Alliance Party (NAP)
candidates, 381
regrouping, 395–396
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 248
activist network, construction, 234
anti-lynching campaign, 252
emergency message, Taft inaction, 249
evolution, 231
Sherrod, reconciliation, 474
Supreme Court nomination opposition, 253
tea party, argument, 466–467
Wells cofounding, 245
National Association of Colored Women (NACW), 248
National Black Farmer’s Association, 471
National Black Independent Political Party (NIBPP), formation, 397
National Black Political Assembly (NBPA), leadership, 396–397
National Black Political Convention, importance, 396
National Commission on Small Farmers, 469
National Convention of Colored Men, activist network (construction), 234
National Endowment for the Arts (NEA)
Jazz Masters program, 345
Reagan cuts, 343
National Era (newspaper), 140
National Ex-Slave Mutual Relief, Bounty, and Pension Association (founding), 357
national mall, slave marketplace, 144
National Negro Convention Movement, 158
challenges, 199
National Organization of Women (NOW), 367
National Park Service (NPS)
ATAC, impact,
100–101
Congressional amendment, 99
Liberty Bell, movement, 97
controversy, 97–99
National Rainbow Coalition (NRC), 421
Daniels, executive director, 397–398
demobilization, 371
DLC rival, 373
Souljah invitation, 374
National Tea Party Federation, 466–467
national unity, roal, 75
Nation of Islam (NOI), 389
black demands, 280
founding, 419
Native Americans
communities (murder), Taylor/Jackson campaigns, 149
racial subjugation, 137
native lands, theft, 48
negroes
equality, 182
meaning, 115
Negro Peter. See Peter
Negro World (Garvey), 361
Neiwert, David, 448
Nevins, Allan, 184
New Alliance Party (NAP), 393–395
New Black Panther Party, Obama double standard, 461–462
New Communities Land Trust, Sherrod founding, 469
New Deal (program), 402
administration, 29
African American benefits, blockage, 255–256
public policies, discrimination, 255
New Jersey, slavery (importance), 55
Newman, Fred, 393–394
Newman, Richard, 94
New Negro Crowd, government perspective, 360–361
Newton (White House construction slave), 117
Newton, Huey, 388, 390
Newton, Leon, 318
New York, slavery (importance), 55
New York Anti-Slavery Society (Liberty), 98
New York Times, The, 390
Convention of Colored Men article, 217
postracial thesis (Bai), 450–451
U.S. Senate apology article, 257–258
New York Tribune, 195
Niagara Movement, 231
Wells cofounding, 245
Nightwalking, 135
Nixon, Richard, 299
anti-Negro president, black community grievances, 308–309
Congressional Black Caucus, relationship (acrimony), 310–311
Ellington performance, 340–342
jazz performances, 341–342
paranoia, 310
racial issues, 31
resignation/pardon, 313–314
Southern strategy, 311–312
Vietnam War escalation, 310
Watergate break-in, 313
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) program, 331
non-property-owning white males, electoral/political voice (absence), 70–71
non-state actors, rise, 475–476
non-taxed Indians, electoral/political voice (absence), 70–71
Norris, Lyman D., 172
North, slave population (counting), 69–70
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), black opposition, 323
North Carolina (profit), slavery (impact), 55
North Carolina Spiritual Singers, Anderson performance, 264
Northern states, slavery benefit, 55
North Star (Douglass), 188
Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District No. 1 v. Holder, 451–452
Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 314–315
Notes on the State of Virginia (Jefferson), 121
Nutter, Michael, 101
Nye, Louis, 336
Obama, Barack Hussein
administration
footing, struggle, 478
Jackson opinion, 376
agenda, defeat (cynicism/irresponsibility), 477
black history, future, 32–34
black identity, 442–443
black vote, 437–438
breakthroughs, 480–481
campaign
narrative, 438–442
promises, 456
strategy, 433–438
swing-state focus, 435
two-prong tactics, evolution, 434
change, belief, 429–433
coalition, construction, 450
controversies, restraint, 462
criticism, Palin encouragement, 446–447
critics, assertions (falsity), 439
DNC speech (2004), 428
election
hate-related incidents, 448
racist newsletters/cyberspace rants, eruption, 448
Gates controversy, 463–465
Hitler, correlation (references), 453
inauguration/election, 15–16, 47
Iowa caucus, importance, 434
Irish roots, 128
Jackson, political rival, 433
jazz appreciation, 346–347
Latino vote, 437–438
marriage, 423–424
Morrison endorsement, 455
multiracial identity, 442–443
opposition, unification, 476–477
parents, interracial marriage, 443
photograph, 33
postracialism, 463
presidency, 426–427
progressive public policy, ability (restraints), 477–478
race
issue, 442–447
neutrality/consciousness, dilemma, 455
race-based backlash, 457
race-related controversies, 459–460
racial hostage, overcoming, 456
racial sympathy (Rice), 329
reverse racism sanction, charges, 467
Sherrod apology, 473–474
socialist/communist/Marxist, contentions, 453
storybook life, 440–441
terrorist accusations, Palin rally, 446–447
triumph, celebration, 22
White House milestone, 413
white vote, 437–438
white voter generation gap, Southern states, 437
Wright, relationship, 444–445
Obama, Craig, 422–423
Obama, Malia Ann, 425
Obama, Marian, 426
Obama, Michelle LaVaughn Robinson, 34, 332
ancestry, 415–418, 422–423
anti-American charge, 425
DePass criticism, 447
historical environment/context, 418–424
jazz appreciation, 346–347
marriage, 423–424
photograph, 345, 414
“Princeton-Educated Blacks and the Black Community” (thesis), 423
Obama, Natasha (Sasha), 425
Obama family
Ghana visit, photograph, 479
photograph, 425
world awareness/interpretation, 428–429
Obama Sr., Barack, 439
O’Connell, Deirdre, 159–160
O’Dell, Jack (dismissal attempt), 303
O’Fake, Peter, 260
Ogletree, Charles, 376
O’Leary, Hazel R., 323
Oliver, Perry, 165
Oney. See Judge
op den Graeff, Abraham, 91
op den Graeff, Derick, 91
open-ended detentions, human rights conventions, 24
opera, African American discrimination, 262–263
Operation AmWorld, 290–291
Operation Breadbasket (SCLC), 420–421
Operation PUSH (People United to Save Humanity), 371, 421
O Presidente Negro (Lobato), 405–406
Ordinance of 1787, vitiation, 163
original sin, Quaker rejection, 92
Overall, George Washington, 440–441
Pacific Legal Foundation, impact, 452
Paige, Ralph, 472–473
Palin, Sarah
campaign, racial hype/rhetoric, 445–446
crowd incitement, 446–447
ignorance/shallowness, 429
McCain selection, 329
mosque hysteria, 459–460
racism problem, 452–453
rally, Obama terrorist accusations, 446–447
tea party defense, 466–467
Paris, dower negroes, 42
Parker, Charlie, 382–383
Parker, James Benjamin (“Big Jim”)
actions, Washington analysis, 223–224
impact, 220
Mason poem, 219
national hero, 220–221
trial, 221–222
Washington attention, 222–223
Parker, John (Supreme Court nomination opposition), 252–253
Parks, Lillian Rogers, 270–271
Parks, Rosa, 245
participatory democracy, 59
Pastorius, Francis Daniel, 91
Patrick, Deval, 450
Patterson, David (slave owner), 415, 418
Patti, Adelina (“Black Patti”), 263
Paynter, John, 139
Peace and Freedom Party (PFP), 390
promotion, 386
Pearl (slave escapee ship), 138
Cornfield Harbor, anchoring, 138
slave hunters, tracking, 138–139
Pendleton, Clarence, 318, 319
Penn, Irvine Garland, 246
Pennsylvania
government selection, 91
slavery cessation, 41
Pennsylvania Abolition Society
development/impact, 93–94
gradualist policy, 94
renaming, 93
reorganization, 91
segregationist policy, 94
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, The, 97
Pepper, William, 401–402
Perdue, Sonny, 459
Perlman, Itzhak, 265
Perot, H. Ross, 323, 374, 396
Perry, J.Sam (prejudicial intervention), 289
personal liberty laws, 413–414
Persons, Wilton B.
power, increase, 276–277
threat, 273–274
Peter (Negro Peter), 103–109, 129
Petronard, Madame, 83
Philadelphia
abolitionism, presence, 91–94
abolitionist activity center, 84–85
abolitionist stronghold, 89
government location, temporariness, 88
Philadelphia Plan (Fletcher), 312–313
Phillips, Kevin, 312
Pierce, Franklin
Fugitive Slave Act (1850) enforcement, 151
slave ownership, avoidance, 145
Pierce, Samuel, 319
Pigford II (lawsuit), 471
Pigford v. Glickman (1997), 471
Piles, Jacob (free/enslaved black), 119
Pinckney, Charles, 73
Plain, Honest Men (Beeman), 69–70
plantation homes, building/maintenance, 110
Planter, George (free black laborer), 119
Platt, Bill, 446–447
Plessy v. Ferguson, 17
black exclusion codification, 221
presidential cover, 249–250
Supreme Court ruling, 241–242
Plowden, Edmund, 117
Poison Spring, black troop murder, 205
police profiling, 451
political balance, evolution, 23
political disjuncture, perception, 25–26
political enfranchisement, exclusion (crisis), 28
Polk, James Knox
black enslavement, 145
The Black History of the White House Page 56