The Black History of the White House

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The Black History of the White House Page 56

by Clarence Lusane


  Coolidge, nonintervention, 252

  disappearance, 258

  federal action, black demand, 245

  increase, 221

  issue, German attention, 250

  Roosevelt blame, 250

  Roosevelt reaction, 253–254

  Taft inaction, 249

  White House silence, 248–249

  Ma, Yo-Yo, 329

  Maddox, Lester, 469

  Madison, Dolley, 132

  evacuation, 134

  Jennings, Paul

  Polk rental, 140

  relationship, 134–135

  poverty/abandonment, 136

  slave escapes, 136–137

  Madison, James, 25, 102

  death, 136

  disaffection, 135

  Jennings, relationship, 131–132

  slave owner, 48

  slavery, repugnance, 51

  Magraw (White House gardener), 134

  Malcolm X, 298, 304, 384

  emergence, 419

  mixed-race heritage, 417

  Malveaux, Julianne, 376

  Man, The (Wallace), 407–408

  Mann, Herbie, 339

  Mann, Horace, 140

  Mann, Matthew, 220

  Mannes, David, 260

  Mansfield, Lord (William Murray), 53–54

  slavery opinion, 54

  manumission, right, 41

  Marantz, Matt, 345

  March on Washington (1963), 337

  Kennedy prevention/co-opting, 303

  Market Street house, construction, 90

  maroon societies, creation, 24

  Marsalis, Wynton, 344

  photograph, 345

  Marsalis family, 346

  Marshall, Thurgood

  retirement, 320–321

  Supreme Court appointment, 307

  Martin, Luther, 68–69

  Maryland legislature address, 73

  Martinez, Eugenio (Watergate burglar), 313

  Martin Luther King Jr. National Holiday bill (1983), 343

  Marx, Karl, 137

  Maryland, enslave/white numbers (contrast), 111

  Maryland Society for the Abolition of Slavery, cofounding, 73

  Mason, George, 57–58

  Mason, Lena Doolin, 219

  Massachusetts, slavery (importance), 55

  Masters-Penn House, 86

  Maverick, Samuel, 49

  McCain, Cindy, 424–425

  campaign, racial hype/rhetoric, 445–446

  McCain, John, 219, 329, 404

  economy rescue, 432

  Palin racism, problem, 452–453

  votes

  Confederate states, correlation, 435–436

  statistics, 438

  McCarthy, Joseph, 410

  McClean, Margaret, 174

  McCord, James (Watergate burglar), 313

  McCoy, Benjamin, 185

  McDonnell, Bob, 459

  McDowell, Calvin (murder), 245–246

  McGovern, George, 367

  McKinney, Cynthia, 399–401

  Green Party alliance, 400

  McKinley, William

  assassination attempt, 219–220, 282

  death, 220

  Douglass performance, 262

  race riot intervention failure, 247–248

  Tolbert meeting, 247–248

  Wells meeting, 246

  McKissick, Floyd, 401

  McNair, Denise (murder), 287

  McNally, Deborah, 262–263

  McPartland, Marian, 344

  McPherson, James M., 27, 197

  McRae, Carmen, 384

  media access issues, funding (absence), 364

  Mehlman, Ken, 312

  Memphis Scimitar, White House dinner attack, 228–229

  men-body, traffic (opposition), 91–92

  Middle East politics, complexity, 476

  military tribunals, 24

  Miller, Thomas E., 358

  Milliken’s Bend, black troop murder, 205

  Million Man March, 420

  Mills, Clark, 128–129

  Mingus, Charles, 338, 342, 384

  Mires, Charlene, 100

  Mississippi, slave state admission, 146

  Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), 385–386

  Missouri, slave state inclusion (presidential support), 147

  Missouri Compromise (1820), 163

  Jefferson perspective, 146

  Missouri Supreme Court, Dred Scott decision reversal, 162

  mob-driven lynchings, disappearance, 258

  mob violence, official inaction, 254

  Monahon-Ward, Caley, 345

  Monroe, James, 63

  black enslavement, 142, 145

  Monrovia, capital (etymology), 148, 189

  Montes, Pedro, 153

  Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955), 335–336

  intensity/violence, increase, 274–275

  Monticello (plantation home), 110

  Montpelier (plantation home), 110

  Moore, Reginald G., 292–293

  moral disjuncture, perception, 25–26

  Morgan, Robert, 184

  Morgenstern, Dan, 344

  Morial, Marc, 376

  Morris, Robert, 90–91

  Morrison, Toni, 298, 323, 455

  Morrow, E. Frederic, 297–298

  Eisenhower interaction, 271–278

  marginalization, 276–278

  party/racial orientation, 273

  photograph, 272

  White House Officer for Special Projects, 276

  White House position, symbolism, 274

  White House treatment, 275

  Moseley-Braun, Carol, 377–378, 421

  Moses (White House construction slave), 117

  Moss, Tom (murder), 245–246

  Motley, Constance Baker (federal judgeship appointment), 308

  Mount Vernon (plantation home), 110

  movement activity, forms, 95

  Muhammad, Elijah, 419–420

  Muhammad, Warith Deen, 419

  Mulligan, Gerry, 339, 342

  Murray, William (Lord Mansfield), 53–54

  slavery opinion, 54

  My 21 Years at the White House (Fields), 267

  My Boss (Gallagher), 271

  My Thirty Years Backstairs at the White House (Parks), 270–271

  Nance (White House construction slave), 117

  Nancy (Bolles, captain), 39

  Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (Douglass), 201

  National Alliance Party (NAP)

  candidates, 381

  regrouping, 395–396

  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 248

  activist network, construction, 234

  anti-lynching campaign, 252

  emergency message, Taft inaction, 249

  evolution, 231

  Sherrod, reconciliation, 474

  Supreme Court nomination opposition, 253

  tea party, argument, 466–467

  Wells cofounding, 245

  National Association of Colored Women (NACW), 248

  National Black Farmer’s Association, 471

  National Black Independent Political Party (NIBPP), formation, 397

  National Black Political Assembly (NBPA), leadership, 396–397

  National Black Political Convention, importance, 396

  National Commission on Small Farmers, 469

  National Convention of Colored Men, activist network (construction), 234

  National Endowment for the Arts (NEA)

  Jazz Masters program, 345

  Reagan cuts, 343

  National Era (newspaper), 140

  National Ex-Slave Mutual Relief, Bounty, and Pension Association (founding), 357

  national mall, slave marketplace, 144

  National Negro Convention Movement, 158

  challenges, 199

  National Organization of Women (NOW), 367

  National Park Service (NPS)

  ATAC, impact,
100–101

  Congressional amendment, 99

  Liberty Bell, movement, 97

  controversy, 97–99

  National Rainbow Coalition (NRC), 421

  Daniels, executive director, 397–398

  demobilization, 371

  DLC rival, 373

  Souljah invitation, 374

  National Tea Party Federation, 466–467

  national unity, roal, 75

  Nation of Islam (NOI), 389

  black demands, 280

  founding, 419

  Native Americans

  communities (murder), Taylor/Jackson campaigns, 149

  racial subjugation, 137

  native lands, theft, 48

  negroes

  equality, 182

  meaning, 115

  Negro Peter. See Peter

  Negro World (Garvey), 361

  Neiwert, David, 448

  Nevins, Allan, 184

  New Alliance Party (NAP), 393–395

  New Black Panther Party, Obama double standard, 461–462

  New Communities Land Trust, Sherrod founding, 469

  New Deal (program), 402

  administration, 29

  African American benefits, blockage, 255–256

  public policies, discrimination, 255

  New Jersey, slavery (importance), 55

  Newman, Fred, 393–394

  Newman, Richard, 94

  New Negro Crowd, government perspective, 360–361

  Newton (White House construction slave), 117

  Newton, Huey, 388, 390

  Newton, Leon, 318

  New York, slavery (importance), 55

  New York Anti-Slavery Society (Liberty), 98

  New York Times, The, 390

  Convention of Colored Men article, 217

  postracial thesis (Bai), 450–451

  U.S. Senate apology article, 257–258

  New York Tribune, 195

  Niagara Movement, 231

  Wells cofounding, 245

  Nightwalking, 135

  Nixon, Richard, 299

  anti-Negro president, black community grievances, 308–309

  Congressional Black Caucus, relationship (acrimony), 310–311

  Ellington performance, 340–342

  jazz performances, 341–342

  paranoia, 310

  racial issues, 31

  resignation/pardon, 313–314

  Southern strategy, 311–312

  Vietnam War escalation, 310

  Watergate break-in, 313

  No Child Left Behind (NCLB) program, 331

  non-property-owning white males, electoral/political voice (absence), 70–71

  non-state actors, rise, 475–476

  non-taxed Indians, electoral/political voice (absence), 70–71

  Norris, Lyman D., 172

  North, slave population (counting), 69–70

  North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), black opposition, 323

  North Carolina (profit), slavery (impact), 55

  North Carolina Spiritual Singers, Anderson performance, 264

  Northern states, slavery benefit, 55

  North Star (Douglass), 188

  Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District No. 1 v. Holder, 451–452

  Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 314–315

  Notes on the State of Virginia (Jefferson), 121

  Nutter, Michael, 101

  Nye, Louis, 336

  Obama, Barack Hussein

  administration

  footing, struggle, 478

  Jackson opinion, 376

  agenda, defeat (cynicism/irresponsibility), 477

  black history, future, 32–34

  black identity, 442–443

  black vote, 437–438

  breakthroughs, 480–481

  campaign

  narrative, 438–442

  promises, 456

  strategy, 433–438

  swing-state focus, 435

  two-prong tactics, evolution, 434

  change, belief, 429–433

  coalition, construction, 450

  controversies, restraint, 462

  criticism, Palin encouragement, 446–447

  critics, assertions (falsity), 439

  DNC speech (2004), 428

  election

  hate-related incidents, 448

  racist newsletters/cyberspace rants, eruption, 448

  Gates controversy, 463–465

  Hitler, correlation (references), 453

  inauguration/election, 15–16, 47

  Iowa caucus, importance, 434

  Irish roots, 128

  Jackson, political rival, 433

  jazz appreciation, 346–347

  Latino vote, 437–438

  marriage, 423–424

  Morrison endorsement, 455

  multiracial identity, 442–443

  opposition, unification, 476–477

  parents, interracial marriage, 443

  photograph, 33

  postracialism, 463

  presidency, 426–427

  progressive public policy, ability (restraints), 477–478

  race

  issue, 442–447

  neutrality/consciousness, dilemma, 455

  race-based backlash, 457

  race-related controversies, 459–460

  racial hostage, overcoming, 456

  racial sympathy (Rice), 329

  reverse racism sanction, charges, 467

  Sherrod apology, 473–474

  socialist/communist/Marxist, contentions, 453

  storybook life, 440–441

  terrorist accusations, Palin rally, 446–447

  triumph, celebration, 22

  White House milestone, 413

  white vote, 437–438

  white voter generation gap, Southern states, 437

  Wright, relationship, 444–445

  Obama, Craig, 422–423

  Obama, Malia Ann, 425

  Obama, Marian, 426

  Obama, Michelle LaVaughn Robinson, 34, 332

  ancestry, 415–418, 422–423

  anti-American charge, 425

  DePass criticism, 447

  historical environment/context, 418–424

  jazz appreciation, 346–347

  marriage, 423–424

  photograph, 345, 414

  “Princeton-Educated Blacks and the Black Community” (thesis), 423

  Obama, Natasha (Sasha), 425

  Obama family

  Ghana visit, photograph, 479

  photograph, 425

  world awareness/interpretation, 428–429

  Obama Sr., Barack, 439

  O’Connell, Deirdre, 159–160

  O’Dell, Jack (dismissal attempt), 303

  O’Fake, Peter, 260

  Ogletree, Charles, 376

  O’Leary, Hazel R., 323

  Oliver, Perry, 165

  Oney. See Judge

  op den Graeff, Abraham, 91

  op den Graeff, Derick, 91

  open-ended detentions, human rights conventions, 24

  opera, African American discrimination, 262–263

  Operation AmWorld, 290–291

  Operation Breadbasket (SCLC), 420–421

  Operation PUSH (People United to Save Humanity), 371, 421

  O Presidente Negro (Lobato), 405–406

  Ordinance of 1787, vitiation, 163

  original sin, Quaker rejection, 92

  Overall, George Washington, 440–441

  Pacific Legal Foundation, impact, 452

  Paige, Ralph, 472–473

  Palin, Sarah

  campaign, racial hype/rhetoric, 445–446

  crowd incitement, 446–447

  ignorance/shallowness, 429

  McCain selection, 329

  mosque hysteria, 459–460

  racism problem, 452–453

  rally, Obama terrorist accusations, 446–447

  tea party defense, 466–467

  Paris, dower negroes, 42


  Parker, Charlie, 382–383

  Parker, James Benjamin (“Big Jim”)

  actions, Washington analysis, 223–224

  impact, 220

  Mason poem, 219

  national hero, 220–221

  trial, 221–222

  Washington attention, 222–223

  Parker, John (Supreme Court nomination opposition), 252–253

  Parks, Lillian Rogers, 270–271

  Parks, Rosa, 245

  participatory democracy, 59

  Pastorius, Francis Daniel, 91

  Patrick, Deval, 450

  Patterson, David (slave owner), 415, 418

  Patti, Adelina (“Black Patti”), 263

  Paynter, John, 139

  Peace and Freedom Party (PFP), 390

  promotion, 386

  Pearl (slave escapee ship), 138

  Cornfield Harbor, anchoring, 138

  slave hunters, tracking, 138–139

  Pendleton, Clarence, 318, 319

  Penn, Irvine Garland, 246

  Pennsylvania

  government selection, 91

  slavery cessation, 41

  Pennsylvania Abolition Society

  development/impact, 93–94

  gradualist policy, 94

  renaming, 93

  reorganization, 91

  segregationist policy, 94

  Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, The, 97

  Pepper, William, 401–402

  Perdue, Sonny, 459

  Perlman, Itzhak, 265

  Perot, H. Ross, 323, 374, 396

  Perry, J.Sam (prejudicial intervention), 289

  personal liberty laws, 413–414

  Persons, Wilton B.

  power, increase, 276–277

  threat, 273–274

  Peter (Negro Peter), 103–109, 129

  Petronard, Madame, 83

  Philadelphia

  abolitionism, presence, 91–94

  abolitionist activity center, 84–85

  abolitionist stronghold, 89

  government location, temporariness, 88

  Philadelphia Plan (Fletcher), 312–313

  Phillips, Kevin, 312

  Pierce, Franklin

  Fugitive Slave Act (1850) enforcement, 151

  slave ownership, avoidance, 145

  Pierce, Samuel, 319

  Pigford II (lawsuit), 471

  Pigford v. Glickman (1997), 471

  Piles, Jacob (free/enslaved black), 119

  Pinckney, Charles, 73

  Plain, Honest Men (Beeman), 69–70

  plantation homes, building/maintenance, 110

  Planter, George (free black laborer), 119

  Platt, Bill, 446–447

  Plessy v. Ferguson, 17

  black exclusion codification, 221

  presidential cover, 249–250

  Supreme Court ruling, 241–242

  Plowden, Edmund, 117

  Poison Spring, black troop murder, 205

  police profiling, 451

  political balance, evolution, 23

  political disjuncture, perception, 25–26

  political enfranchisement, exclusion (crisis), 28

  Polk, James Knox

  black enslavement, 145

 

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