The Victorians

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The Victorians Page 87

by A. N. Wilson


  Bismarck on, 403

  on British overseas power, 352

  as Chancellor of Exchequer, 146

  character and qualities, 379, 402, 407–8

  condemns Palmerston, 136

  at Congress of Berlin, 402–3

  death, 388, 406–8

  defends Corn Laws, 430

  Earldom, 404

  election defeat (1880), 388, 404, 407

  on evolutionary theory, 98

  on gentlemen legislators, 586

  and Gladstone, 263, 346, 379–80

  Irish policy, 379

  marriage, 66

  mocks Peel, 59–60

  political career, 250, 263, 386

  and Reform Bill (1867), 331

  relations with Lord Robert Cecil, 252

  relations with Victoria, 359, 403

  religious attitudes, 368, 371, 379, 398

  on religious education, 363, 379

  satirized, 387–8

  satisfaction with living conditions, 262–3, 330

  on Schleswig-Holstein, 348

  schooling, 283

  second government (1874), 386–91

  secures Suez Canal Company shares, 389–90

  supports Bentinck, 71

  on ‘two nations’, 67

  view of Jews, 403, 408

  and Young England movement, 65–7

  on Zulus, 402

  Coningsby, 66

  Endymion, 407

  Falconet, 406

  Lothair, 379–81, 540

  Sybil, 66

  Tancred, 66

  Vindication of the English Constitution, 67

  Disraeli, Mary Anne (later Viscountess Beaconsfield), 66

  divorce, 234–5

  and political careers, 460

  see also Matrimonial Causes Bill

  DNA, 232–3

  dock strike (1889), 511, 513–14

  doctors, 37, 309

  women, 311, 421

  Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge see Carroll, Lewis

  Dodson, Charles, 32

  Döllinger, Ignaz von, 373

  Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Mikhailovich, 185, 415–17, 431

  The Devils, 415, 417, 447, 440, 445, 463, 495

  doubt, religious see religion

  Douglas, Lord Alfred (‘Bosie’), 560, 562–5

  Dowson, Ernest, 552

  Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 527, 529

  The Sign of Four, 528

  A Study in Scarlet, 527–8

  see also Holmes, Sherlock

  Doyle, Sir Francis Hastings, 266

  D’Oyly Carte, Richard, 417–18, 420

  see also Gilbert and Sullivan operas

  drainage, 156–8

  Dreikaiserbund, 388, 391, 394

  Drew, Mary, 360

  drink see alcohol

  Drumlanrig, Francis Archibald Douglas, Viscount, 562

  Du Bois, W.E.B.: Black Reconstruction, 256

  Duckworth, Rev. Robinson, 328

  Dudley, John William Ward, 1st Earl of, 382

  Dugdale, Blanche, 556

  Dulwich School, 281

  Duncan, Rev. Henry, 261

  Dundas, Admiral Sir Richard Saunders, 179

  Durnford, Lieut.-Colonel, 401

  Dyer, Brigadier-General Reginald Edward Harry, 501

  Earle, General William, 471

  East India Company

  abolition and transfer to Crown, 218, 221

  expansion in North-West India, 125, 201

  Mill and, 38, 108–9

  organization, 109

  rule and administration, 48, 202, 206, 218

  sepoys serve, 201

  see also India; Indian Mutiny

  ‘Eastern Question’ see Ottoman Empire

  Eastlake, Elizabeth, Lady, 382

  eccentricity: in upper classes, 381–2

  Ecclesiastical Titles Act (1851), 142

  economic depression, 28–9, 254, 405, 480, 508, 573

  see also unemployment

  economic growth, 15, 52, 72, 124, 148, 353

  Eddy, Mary Baker, 549–50

  Eden, Emily, 27

  Edgar, William, 410

  Edinburgh Review, 22, 346

  education

  and army organization, 355

  compulsory, 284

  in Ireland, 68–9, 78

  Liberal reforms, 362–4

  secular and uniform, 363–4

  as Victorian invention, 282

  women’s, 284–6, 312–13, 421–2, 480, 520

  see also public schools; schools

  Education Act (Forster’s; 1870), 282, 284, 363–4

  Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) see Albert Edward, Prince of Wales

  Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII), 581–2

  Edwards, Colonel, 468

  Edwards, George, 429

  Effingham Theatre, London, 521

  Eglinton, Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of: Tournament, 65

  Egypt, 465–7

  Eichhorn, Johann Gottfried, 349

  Eiffel, Gustave: tower (Paris), 494

  Elcho, Hugo Charteris, Viscount, 559

  Elcho, Mary, Lady (later Countess of Wemyss), 323, 530, 559

  electoral districts: organization of, 43

  electoral reform, 20, 330–1, 479

  see also Reform Acts; suffrage

  electoral systems, 42, 385

  electric light, 384, 494

  Elgar, Sir Edward, 410

  Elgin, Victor Alexander Bruce, 9th Earl of, 499

  Eliot, George (Marian Evans)

  avoids school, 282–3

  German translating, 349

  on Harriet Martineau, 167

  influenced by Chambers’s Vestiges, 95n

  lifestyle and beliefs, 167–8, 349

  qualities, 408

  relations with G.H. Lewes, 167, 349, 412–13

  and religion, 377

  serial publication of works, 19

  supports Disraeli, 408

  Victoria reads, 241

  and Wagner, 412–13

  Daniel Deronda, 408, 410–11

  Middlemarch, 344, 349

  Eliot, Thomas Stearns, 54, 522, 524, 529

  Elkington & Co. (cabinet makers), 143

  Ellenborough, Edward Law, 1st Earl of, 280

  Elliotson, John, 105–6

  Ellis, Sir Henry, 117

  Ellis, William, 129–30

  Elphinstone, Sir Howard, 244

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 95n

  empire

  beginnings, 48

  and conquest, 353

  defined, 391

  as dumping ground for troublemakers, 512

  in East, 388

  effects of Free Trade on, 126

  expansion, 124, 547, 603, 607

  and generation of wealth, 351–2

  and Idealism, 606–7

  and pomp, 391

  and race attitudes, 272

  and rearmament, 424

  see also colonies; imperialism

  employment

  rural, 429

  see also unemployment

  Endicott, Mary (Mrs Joseph Chamberlain), 484

  Enfield rifles, 201

  Engels, Friedrich, 113–14, 119–20, 131, 232, 416, 510, 576

  see also Marx, Karl

  English Co-operative Society, 575

  Enraght, Rev. R.W., 369

  Erdmann, Johann Eduard, 350

  Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (Prince Albert’s father), 24, 54–5

  Ernest Augustus, Prince (Ernest I of Hanover) see Cumberland, Duke of

  Erzerum, Armenia, 187

  Escott, T.H.S., 461

  Esher, Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount, 464–5, 468

  Eton: workhouse, 29

  Eton College, 29, 280, 283, 291–2

  Etwall, Ralph, 32–3

  Eugénie, Empress of Napoleon III, 344

  Europe

  Britain’s relations with, 348

  monarchies decline in, 244

  powe
r politics in, 147–8, 184–5, 239–40, 388, 424, 546

  relations with USA, 440

  revolutions in, 123

  wars in, 343, 350

  see also individual countries

  Euston station, 21

  Evangelicals, 82, 87

  in India, 202, 258

  Evans, Sir George de Lacy, 200

  Evans, Marian see Eliot, George

  evolution, theory of

  and acquired characteristics, 224–31

  Christian attitudes to, 227–30, 376–7

  development of, 15, 95–100, 224–5

  and divorce, 234–5

  influence, 230–2

  and race, 376–7

  represents competitive world, 226

  scientists’ reaction to, 232–4

  see also Darwin, Charles; natural selection; Wallace, Alfred Russel

  examinations, public, 284–5

  executions, 336–9

  Eyre, Edward John, 53, 269–72, 298

  Faber, Frederick William, 140

  Fabianism, 511, 546, 576–8

  factories

  and class, 60

  conditions, 152–4

  in Lancashire, 252

  system, 15, 20, 22, 248

  workers’ view of slavery, 254

  see also child labour; working classes

  Factory Acts

  (1833, 1844, 1847), 153

  (1850), 151

  see also Ten Hours Act

  Fadeyev, General Rostislav: Opinion on the Eastern Question, 395

  Falstaff Music Hall, London, 522

  fantasy: retreat into, 322–9

  Fareham, Hampshire, 30

  Farrar, Frederic William, Dean of Canterbury, 289–91

  Eric, or, Little by Little, 263, 280, 330

  Julian Home, 289

  St Winifred’s, 288–9

  feminism (women’s movement), 307, 310–13, 318

  Fenianism, 127, 338–9, 357, 451–3, 531

  Fenton, Roger, 199–200

  Ferdinand, King of the Two Sicilies, 123

  Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas: Das Wesen des Christenthums, 167–9, 349

  firefighting, 13–14

  Fisher, Admiral John Arbuthnot, 1st Baron, 464

  Fitzroy, Captain (later Rear-Admiral) Robert, 15, 228–30

  flagellation, 291–2

  Flashman (fictional character), 279, 287

  foot-and-mouth disease, 428

  Football Association, 409

  Cup, 344

  football (soccer), 409

  Forster, Captain, 458–9

  Forster, Edward Morgan, 602

  Forster, William Edward, 284, 363, 453, 461

  Fortnightly Review, 462

  Foster, R.F., 450

  Fourth Party, 485

  Fox Henderson & Co. (contractors), 130, 144

  Fox Strangways, John Charles, 40

  France

  African possessions, 489–90

  British alliance with, 146

  British attitudes to, 16, 145

  in Crimean War, 178–9, 181, 184–5

  and Egypt, 465

  fear of invasion from, 145, 156

  and German power, 351

  Napoleon III elected Emperor, 113

  nationalism and expansionism, 351

  revolution in (1848), 114, 116, 123

  working class movement in, 517

  see also Franco-Prussian War; French Revolution

  franchise see suffrage

  Franchise Act (1884), 447

  Francis Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, 393

  Franco-Prussian War (1870–1), 184, 343–6, 354

  Fraser, George Macdonald, 279

  Frederick William, Prince of Prussia (later Emperor of Germany), 123, 238, 503

  Free Trade

  bourgeois support for, 19

  Cobden advocates, 72, 427–8

  colonies and, 126–7

  and Crimean War, 194

  discrediting of, 428

  effect, 352, 427–9

  and Great Exhibition, 127

  and Irish Famine, 81

  and liberty and enslavement, 132

  Palmerston praises, 264

  Peel and, 58–9, 61–2, 72, 136

  terminology, 127

  and wars, 353

  see also Corn Laws

  Free Will, 132

  Freeman, Edward Augustus, 398, 402–3

  French Revolution (1789), 16–17

  Frere, Sir Battle, 401–2

  Freud, Sigmund, 106, 231

  Frith, William Powell: Derby Day (painting), 234

  Frost, John, 47

  Froude, James Anthony, 30, 103, 333, 345, 380–1

  The English in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century, 74

  History of England, 302

  Nemesis of Faith, 103

  fundamentalism (Christian), 100, 171, 229

  funerals, 539–42, 545

  Gallipoli: in Crimean War, 178

  Gambia, 124

  games see sports and games

  Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma), 509, 551

  Gangs Act (1879), 428–9

  Garrett, Elizabeth, 285, 310–12, 321

  Gaskell, Charles Milnes, 587

  Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn: Ruth, 164

  gasworkers, 512

  Gatacre, General Sir William Forbes, 610

  Gatrell, V.A.C., 338

  Genesis, Book of, 98

  genetics, 232

  geology, 97, 100

  see also Lyell, Sir Charles

  George III, King, 24–5, 68–9

  George IV, King, 56

  George V, King, 456, 600

  George, Henry, 444

  Germany

  in Africa, 489–90

  cultural influence, 348–50

  as European power, 388

  language, 348–9

  Prince Albert’s policy on, 237–8

  scientific education in, 350

  strength, 350–1, 355

  united (1871), 343

  see also Franco-Prussian War

  Gibraltar, 127

  Gibson, Thomas Milnes, 128

  Gilbert, Sir William Schwenck, 418–24, 572

  Gilbert and Sullivan operas

  H.M.S. Pinafore, 422–4, 479

  Iolanthe, 421

  The Mikado, 230, 419

  Patience, 419, 422

  Princess Ida, 421

  The Sorcerer, 417, 420

  Trial by Jury, 418, 420

  Utopia, Limited, 572, 576

  Gill, Eric, 518

  Gipson, John, 264

  Girdlestone, Edward, Canon of Bristol, 429

  Girton College, Cambridge, 285, 313, 421, 480

  Gladstone family, 94

  Gladstone, Helen (WEG’s sister), 375

  Gladstone, Herbert John, Viscount, 470

  Gladstone, William Ewart

  on American Civil War, 251–3, 346

  and army reform (1868), 354, 356, 358

  attends theatre, 397

  background, 27, 50–1, 94, 356

  and Balkan Crisis, 396–400, 464

  Bertrand Russell dines with, 571

  on Bismarck, 347

  at Board of Trade in Peel’s government, 66

  and Bradlaugh case, 449

  and Catholicism, 69–70, 142, 347–8, 372–5, 380

  as Chancellor of Exchequer, 146, 194, 250–1

  on Churchills, 485

  and Constance Kent case, 267

  and Contagious Diseases Acts, 474

  contradictions, 250, 361

  and cotton famine, 257

  and decline of Ottoman Empire, 391–2

  derides equalitarianism, 384

  and Dilke, 457

  on disestablishment of Church, 338, 364, 371

  and Disraeli, 263, 346, 379–80, 403, 407

  Disraeli portrays in Falconet, 406

  and education reform, 363–4

  and Egypt and Sudan, 465–6, 468–9

&nb
sp; election defeat (1868), 402

  election victory (1880), 404–6

  ennobles Cardwell, 359

  and Fenianism, 338

  first premiership (1868–74), 332, 354–64, 379, 546

  and Franco-Prussian War, 346

  and General Gordon, 465, 472

  on governing working class, 443

  and Governor Eyre, 272

  and Great Exhibition, 128

  and Home Rule for Ireland, 85, 250, 453–6, 461, 479, 532

  intellectual character, 348, 535–6

  and Jamaican slavery, 49–50

  and Joseph Chamberlain, 457

  and Khartoum, 469–70

  on Manning, 540

  Midlothian campaign, 404–6, 417, 465

  and occupation of Cyprus, 400

  opposes Divorce Bill, 234–5

  opposes Maynooth Bill, 70, 250

  oratory, 398

  on Palmerston, 189

  and Palmerston’s death, 330

  and Parnell, 533–5

  political career, 263

  political ideas, 347, 355, 361, 363

  and press, 464

  prolixity, 379

  and prostitutes, 356

  and psychical research, 439

  psychosomatic illnesses, 397

  relations with Victoria, 359–60, 403

  religious attitudes, 70, 101, 141, 347–8, 356, 361–2, 364, 371, 398

  resignations: (1845), 70, (1885), 478; (1894), 562)

  and Ruskin, 166, 356, 360–2

  schooling, 50, 280

  second administration (1880–85), 457

  self-flagellation, 456

  on slavery, 250, 255

  and social reform, 447

  and Sudan, 469–70

  third administration (1886), 478–9

  upholds aristocracy, 356

  visits Döllinger, 373

  visits Italy, 84–6

  visits Newcastle, 251

  voice, 251

  in Wales (1892), 594

  The Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East, 397–8

  The State in its Relations with the Church, 70, 101

  The Vatican Decrees and their Bearing on Civil Allegiance, 374, 397

  Gladstones, John, 50

  Gloag, Robert Peacock, 197–9

  Gloire, La (French warship), 352

  Godwin, William, 11

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 224, 349–50

  gold: in South Africa, 595–6, 605–6

  Gordon, General Charles George, 467–72, 493, 607

  Gordon, Lord George, 499

  Gordon, George William, 269–71

  Gorst, John Eldon, 485

  Gosse, (Sir) Edmund, 377, 430, 497

  Gothic Revival, 46, 64–5, 185, 322

  Gough, Elizabeth, 267

  Gough, Lieutenant (later General Sir) Hugh, 201, 204–5

  Government of India Bill (1853), 221

  Graham, Billy, 377

  Graham, Frances (Horner), 558–9

  Graham, Sir James, 39, 76

  Graham, Robert Cunningham, 509–10

  Grainger, Walter, 563

  Grant, Charles (later Baron Glenelg), 39

  Granville, Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl, 130, 389, 397, 468, 472

  Gray, Euphemia (sometime Ruskin; ‘Effie’), 87, 165–6, 289, 325

 

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