A History of the World

by Andrew Marr

  London ref 1

  Long March (China) ref 1, ref 2

  longitude ref 1, ref 2

  Longshan culture ref 1, ref 2

  Lorenzo the Magnificent ref 1, ref 2

  Louis XIV, King of France ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Louis XVI, King of France ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Louis XVIII, King of France ref 1

  Louis-Philippe, King of France ref 1

  Louisiana Purchase ref 1, ref 2

  Lovelock, James ref 1, ref 2

  Lu Buwei ref 1

  Luddites ref 1

  Ludendorff, General ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Lueger, Karl ref 1

  Luke ref 1, ref 2

  Lunar Society ref 1

  Luther, Martin ref 1

  background ref 1

  confrontations ref 1

  opposition to selling of indulgences ref 1

  theology and arguments of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  translation of Bible into German ref 1

  Luxembourg ref 1

  Luxor temple ref 1

  Lydians ref 1

  Lyons, Jonathan ref 1

  Macaulay, Thomas Babington ref 1

  Maccabee revolt ref 1

  McCarthy, John ref 1

  McCartney, Lord George ref 1

  McCormick, Katharine Dexter ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  MacCulloch, Diarmaid ref 1

  MacDonald, Ramsay ref 1

  Macedon/Macedonians ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  machines

  and human intelligence ref 1

  McNeill, J.R. ref 1, ref 2

  McPherson, James ref 1

  Madeira ref 1

  Magellan, Ferdinand ref 1

  Maimonides, Moses ref 1, ref 2

  Malawi ref 1

  Mali ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Malthus, Thomas ref 1

  al-Mamun, Caliph ref 1

  Man, John ref 1

  Manchu ref 1

  Manhattan Project ref 1, ref 2

  al-Mansur, Caliph ref 1

  Manzikert, battle of (1071) ref 1

  Mao Zedong ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Mapungubwe ref 1

  Marat, Jean-Paul ref 1

  Marathas ref 1

  Marathon, battle of (490 BC) ref 1, ref 2

  marathon race ref 1

  Marco Polo see Polo, Marco

  Marcus Aurelius, Emperor ref 1, ref 2

  Marduk (god) ref 1

  Marie Antoinette ref 1, ref 2

  Mark, St ref 1

  Marlborough, Duchess of see Churchill, Sarah

  Marlborough, Duke of ref 1, ref 2

  Mars ref 1

  Marshall Plan ref 1, ref 2

  martyrdom ref 1

  Marx, Karl ref 1

  Marxism-Leninism ref 1

  Marxism/Marxists ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Mary of Modena ref 1, ref 2

  Mary, Queen ref 1, ref 2

  al-Masudi ref 1

  mathematics

  Abbasid Muslims ref 1

  Mesopotamia ref 1

  Mather, Cotton ref 1

  matrilineal drift ref 1

  Mattathias ref 1

  Mauryan India ref 1, ref 2

  Maxentius ref 1

  Maximilian, Archduke ref 1

  Maya ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Mazarin, Cardinal ref 1, ref 2

  Medicis ref 1

  Medina ref 1

  Mediterranean ref 1

  Megasthenes ref 1

  Mehmet II, Sultan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Melanchthon, Philipp ref 1

  Mendoza, Antonio de ref 1

  Mengistu, Haille Mariam ref 1

  Mengzi (Mencius) ref 1

  Mennonites ref 1, ref 2

  Mercury ref 1

  Merneptah, Pharaoh ref 1

  Mesoamerica/Mesoamericans ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Mesopotamia ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  conquest of by Arabs (639) ref 1

  emergence of first cities ref 1

  and mathematics ref 1

  and religion ref 1

  see also Akkadians; Babylon/Babylonians; Sumerians

  Metaxas, General ref 1

  Mexico ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Michelangelo ref 1

  microscopes ref 1

  Middle East ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  Midway, battle of (1942) ref 1

  Milan ref 1

  Minoans ref 1, ref 2

  art and architecture ref 1, ref 2

  bull-leaping ref 1

  destruction of ref 1

  human sacrifice ref 1

  Knossos palace ref 1

  Minos, King ref 1

  Minotaur ref 1

  Minsky, Marvin ref 1

  missionaries

  Christian ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Jesuit ref 1, ref 2

  Missouri Compromise ref 1

  mitochondrial DNA ref 1

  Mitochondrial Eve ref 1

  Model T ref 1

  Mohacs, battle of ref 1

  Mohawks ref 1, ref 2

  Mohegan people ref 1

  Moi, Daniel arap ref 1

  Mongols ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  break-up of empire ref 1

  brutality of ref 1

  conquest and rule of China ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  conquests and expansion of empire ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  and Genghis Khan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  and Kublai Khan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  monotheism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Montezuma ref 1

  Monzi ref 1

  Moon ref 1, ref 2

  Moore, Gordon ref 1

  Moore’s law ref 1

  Moors ref 1

  Morel, Edmund ref 1

  Morgan, J.P. ref 1

  Moroccans ref 1

  Morris, Ian ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Moscow ref 1

  Moses ref 1, ref 2

  Mother (of human race) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Mountbatten, Lord ref 1

  Mozambique ref 1

  Mubarak, Hosni ref 1

  Mugabe, Robert ref 1

  Mughals ref 1

  Muhammad ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  mulattos ref 1, ref 2

  Müntzer, Thomas ref 1

  Murad III, Sultan ref 1

  Musa, King ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Muscovy Company ref 1

  Muslim League ref 1

  Muslims ref 1

  and Abbasid caliphate ref 1, ref 2

  and Africa ref 1

  and astrology ref 1

  coastal raids and slave-taking ref 1

  conquest of Spain ref 1, 197 see also al-Andalus

  conquests ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  contempt for Christian Europeans ref 1

  dialogues with Protestant rulers ref 1

  hatred of America by many ref 1

  and mathematics ref 1

  trade with China ref 1

  see also Islam

  Mussolini, Benito ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Mycenaeans ref 1

  Nagasaki ref 1

  Nanking, Treaty of (1842) ref 1, ref 2

  Napoleon Bonaparte ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  National Academy of Sciences ref 1

  National Convention ref 1, ref 2

  nationalism ref 1

  and industrialization ref 1

  Native Americans ref 1

  agriculture ref 1

  attacks on by colonists and demonization of as savages ref 1

  destruction of after American Civil War ref 1

  impact of European settlers on ref 1, ref 2

  tribal systems ref 1

  native Australians see aboriginal Australians

  NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) ref 1,
ref 2, ref 3

  Natufians ref 1

  navies

  ancient Greece ref 1

  British ref 1, 376 see also Royal Navy

  Carthage ref 1

  Chinese ref 1, ref 2

  Nazarenes ref 1, ref 2

  Nazca ref 1

  Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939) ref 1

  Nazis ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  economic growth and policy ref 1

  factors explaining rise of ref 1

  see also Hitler, Adolf

  Neanderthals ref 1, ref 2

  Nebuchadnezzar, King ref 1

  Nehru, Jawaharlal ref 1

  Nehru, Motilal ref 1

  Nelmes, Sarah ref 1

  Nemesis (paddle-steamer) ref 1

  Neolithic Britain ref 1

  belief systems ref 1

  burials ref 1

  settlements/towns ref 1, ref 2

  and Stonehenge ref 1

  Nero, Emperor ref 1, ref 2

  Netherlands ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  development of first stock market ref 1

  and imperialism ref 1

  invasion of Britain by William of Orange ref 1

  and Java/Javanese ref 1, ref 2

  rebellion (1785) ref 1

  and ‘rich trades’ ref 1, ref 2

  settlements in South Africa ref 1

  tulip mania and bursting of bubble ref 1, ref 2

  wars of independence against Spain ref 1

  New Guinea ref 1

  New Model Army ref 1

  New York ref 1

  New York Society for the Suppression of Vice ref 1

  New Zealand ref 1

  Newcomen, Thomas ref 1

  newspapers

  and British free press ref 1

  Newton, Isaac ref 1, ref 2

  Nicaea, Council of (325) ref 1, ref 2

  Nicene creed ref 1

  Nicholas I, Czar ref 1

  Nicholas II, Czar ref 1

  Niger, River ref 1

  Nigeria ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Nile, River ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Nineveh ref 1, ref 2

  Nippur ref 1

  nirvana ref 1

  Nixon, Richard ref 1, ref 2

  Nkomo, Joshua ref 1

  noble savage ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  nomads ref 1

  Non-Aligned Group ref 1

  Norman Conquest (1066) ref 1

  North Atlantic Treaty Organization see NATO

  North, Lord ref 1

  Norwich, John Julius ref 1, ref 2

  Novgorod ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Nubians ref 1

  Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968) ref 1

  Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty ref 1

  nuclear weapons ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Octavian see Augustus, Emperor

  ojos ref 1, ref 2

  Old Testament ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Olga ref 1

  Olympias ref 1

  Olympic Games ref 1

  Onesimus (slave) ref 1

  opium ref 1

  opium trade ref 1

  Opium Wars ref 1, ref 2

  Oppenheimer, Robert ref 1

  Oppenheimer, Stephen ref 1

  Orkneys ref 1, ref 2

  Osaka castle, siege of (1614–15) ref 1

  Osiris ref 1, ref 2

  Ostrogoths ref 1

  Otto, Nikolaus ref 1

  Ottoman Empire ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Christian fear of ref 1

  conquest of Constantinople (1453) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  conquests and spread of ref 1, ref 2

  war with Venice ref 1

  Pagel, Mark ref 1

  Pakistan ref 1, ref 2

  Palestine ref 1, ref 2

  papacy ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Papin, Denis ref 1

  Paris, Matthew ref 1

  Parthians ref 1, ref 2

  Pasargadae ref 1, ref 2

  pastoralism ref 1

  Pataliputra ref 1, ref 2

  patents ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Paul, St ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Paul V, Pope ref 1

  Pearl Harbor ref 1

  Peasant Rebellion (1524–5) ref 1

  Peel, Robert ref 1

  Pella ref 1

  Pemulwuy ref 1

  perestroika ref 1

  Pericles ref 1

  Perpetua ref 1

  Perry, Commodore Matthew ref 1

  Persepolis ref 1

  Persia/Persians ref 1

  conquest of by Alexander the Great ref 1

  and Sassanids ref 1

  war with Greeks ref 1, ref 2

  Peru ref 1

  Peter I, the Great, Czar ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Peter III, Czar ref 1

  Peter, St ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Pharisees ref 1

  Pheidippides ref 1

  Pheidon of Argos ref 1

  Philip II, King of Macedon ref 1, ref 2

  Philistines ref 1

  Phillip, Arthur ref 1, ref 2

  Phipps, James ref 1

  Phoenicians ref 1

  Pilsudski, General Jozef ref 1

  Pincus, Gregory ref 1

  Pinker, Steven ref 1

  The Better Angels of Our Nature ref 1

  piracy ref 1

  Pitt the Younger, William ref 1

  Pizarro, Francisco ref 1

  plague ref 1, ref 2, 301 see also Black Death

  Plato ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Phaedo ref 1

  Pleistocene ref 1

  Pliocene ref 1

  Plutarch ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Poland ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  polis (city-state) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  pollution ref 1, ref 2

  Polo, Marco ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  polytheism ref 1

  Pompey (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Poor Law (1834) ref 1

  population growth ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  and agriculture ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4