The Opium War
Page 53
32 By permission of the Syndics of the Cambridge University Library.
33 Courtesy of Qingshi tudian, Gugong Bowuguan.
34 Courtesy of Private Collection.
35 By permission of the Syndics of the Cambridge University Library.
36 By permission of the Syndics of the Cambridge University Library.
37 Courtesy of the Wellcome Library, London.
38 Courtesy of William A. Callahan.
39 By permission of the Syndics of the Cambridge University Library.
40 By permission of the Syndics of the Cambridge University Library.
41 Courtesy of the Wellcome Library, London.
42 Courtesy of the Wellcome Library, London.
43 MGM/The Kobal Collection.
44 Reproduced with the permission of Zhonghua Shuju, Beijing.
45 Courtesy of the Wellcome Library, London.
46 By permission of the Syndics of the Cambridge University Library.
47 By permission of the Syndics of the Cambridge University Library.
48 By permission of the Syndics of the Cambridge University Library.
49 Courtesy of Beijing Library.
50 Courtesy of Paul Newbery.
51 Courtesy of AP/Press Association Images.
52 Courtesy of Brian Dell.
IN TEXT
Pagelink, ‘A late-nineteenth-century photograpch of Chinese opium smokers.’ Courtesy of the Historical Photographs of China Project (http://chp.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/)
Pagelink, ‘Chinese artillerymen’. By permission of the Syndics of the Cambridge University Library.
Pagelink, ‘Felix Beato’s 1860 photographs of the Anglo-French fleet at Hong Kong and of dead Qing soldiers in the forts near Beijing.’ Courtesy of the Wellcome Library, London.
Pagelink, ‘China’s National Humiliation commemoration fever dwindles’. Shenbao, 9 May 1922.
Endnote
1. Not his real name.
Index
In Chinese names, the surname is given first, followed by the given name. Therefore, in the case of Liang Qichao, Liang is the surname and Qichao the given name.
Adams, John Quincey ref 1
Afghanistan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Albert, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ref 1
Anti-Rightist Campaign ref 1
Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign ref 1, ref 2
Arrow (lorcha) ref 1, ref 2
attack-monkeys ref 1
Auckland, Earl of, see Eden, George, 1st Earl of Auckland
Austria ref 1
Bao Peng ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Baring, Francis ref 1, ref 2
Beato, Felix ref 1, ref 2
Beihe River ref 1, ref 2
Beijing ref 1, ref 2
in Belgrade Embassy protests ref 1, ref 2
in Boxer Rebellion ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
British fleet tries to communicate with (1840) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
centre of Qing empire ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10
Charles Elliot escapes being taken to ref 1
communications with other regions of Qing empire ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
distance from theatres of war during the Opium War ref 1
George III requests permanent British embassy in ref 1
grain supply to ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
high schools in ref 1, ref 2
Japanese occupation of ref 1, ref 2
Lin Zexu meets emperor in ref 1, ref 2
Military Affairs Museum ref 1
Mrs Thatcher visits to negotiate over Hong Kong ref 1
officials summoned to as prisoner ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
opium seized near ref 1
opium trade in ref 1
in second Opium War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
site of ruins of Yuanmingyuan ref 1
Sun Yat-sen dies in ref 1
taxi-drivers ref 1
during Tiananmen protests (1989) ref 1, ref 2
Yijing leaves ref 1, ref 2
Yuqian kowtows to ref 1
Beijing, Treaty of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Beijing Olympics (2008) ref 1
torch relay ref 1, ref 2
Beijing University ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Belgrade Embassy protests (1999) ref 1, ref 2
Bingham, Lieutenant J. Elliot, RN ref 1, ref 2
Boer War ref 1
Bogue ref 1
battle of (1841) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Bowring, Sir John ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Boxer Rebellion ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Bremer, Gordon ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Bright, John ref 1
Britain ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
demands Free Trade in China ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
embassies to China ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6(see also Macartney, George, 1st Earl Macartney)
instructions to China from ref 1, ref 2
and production of opium ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
sinophobia in ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14
trade deficit with China ref 1, ref 2
at Versailles Peace Conference ref 1
British army: strength of, compared with Qing army 111 (see also Opium War, first and individual battles)
British empire ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
British Museum ref 1
British traders in China ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13
Broughton, Lord, see Hobhouse, John, 1st Baron Broughton
Brown, Gordon ref 1, ref 2
Bruce, Frederick ref 1
Bruce, Sir James, see Elgin and Kincardine, Sir James Bruce, 8th and 12th Earl of
Buchan, John ref 1
Buddhism ref 1, ref 2
Bush, George W. ref 1
Cameron, David ref 1, ref 2
Canton ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
battle for in first Opium War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
centre of Sino-Western trade ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10
Chinese opposition to British entry to ref 1, ref 2
foreign factories in ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12
forts ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
ransom of ref 1
in second Opium War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Sun Yat-sen’s headquarters ref 1, ref 2
‘Canton system’ of trade ref 1, ref 2
Cantonese people, anti-Manchu feeling of ref 1
Cantonese soldiers ref 1
CCP, see Chinese Communist Party
‘Century of Humiliation’ ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Chang, Brilliant ref 1
‘Charter 08’ ref 1, ref 2
Chartists ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Chen Duxiu ref 1
Chen Jiongming ref 1
Chen Liansheng ref 1
Chen Xitong ref 1, ref 2
Chen Yung-fa ref 1
Chengde ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Chiang Kai-shek ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11
China’s Destiny (book) ref 1
China
‘national condition’ of (guoqing) ref 1
perceived as threat to the West ref 1, ref 2
Western stereotype of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
China Can Say No (book) ref 1
China Daily (newspaper) ref 1, ref 2
Chinese admiration for the modern West ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Chinese anti-imperialism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) ref 1, ref 2
civil war with Nationalist Party ref 1, ref 2
cult
ivation of opium ref 1, ref 2
domestic opposition to 355 (see also Liu Xiaobo; Tiananmen Square, protests)
fear of domestic unrest ref 1, ref 2
post-Mao ref 1
purge from Nationalist Party (1927) ref 1
shapes memory of modern history ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4(see also ‘Patriotic Education’ campaign)
suppresses opium ref 1
United Front with Nationalist Party ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
use of propaganda ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Chinese Internet ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Chinese nationalism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
anti-government ref 1, ref 2
Chinese Repository (periodical) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10
Chinese Revolution (1911) ref 1, ref 2
Chinese self-loathing ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9
Chinese workers, global diaspora of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Chuanbi ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
battle of (1839) ref 1, ref 2
Treaty of (1841) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Chums (magazine) ref 1, ref 2
Ciqi, battle of (1842) ref 1, ref 2
civil-service examinations ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Cixi, Empress Dowager ref 1, ref 2
Clinton, Bill ref 1
Cobden, Richard ref 1
Cohen, Paul ref 1
Collins, Wilkie ref 1
Confucianism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
classical texts of ref 1
Cooke, George Wingrove ref 1, ref 2
Copenhagen Climate Change summit (2009) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Cornwallis (ship) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Cultural Revolution ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9
Cumming, Constance Gordon ref 1
Daily Mail (newspaper) ref 1
Daily News (newspaper) ref 1
Daily Telegraph (newspaper) ref 1
Dalai Lama ref 1
Daoguang emperor ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
attitude to opium ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
authorizes plenipotentiaries to negotiate with British ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
communicates with officials in first Opium War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12
doubts reports from officials ref 1, ref 2
fears domestic crisis ref 1
lacks information about the British ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
learns of the British invasion ref 1, ref 2
personality of ref 1, ref 2
punishes officials during first Opium War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
refuses to ratify Treaty of Chuanbi ref 1
and Treaty of Nanjing ref 1
youth ref 1, ref 2
Darwinism ref 1
De Quincey, Thomas ref 1
Deathsong of a River, The (Heshang) (documentary) ref 1
Deng Tingzhen ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Deng Xiaoping ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Dent, Lancelot ref 1, ref 2
Diaoyu Islands ref 1
Dickens, Charles ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Dinghai
fall of (1840) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
fall of (1841) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
E Yun ref 1
East India Company, British ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
involvement in opium trade ref 1, ref 2
loses monopoly on the China trade ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
responds to Cabinet decision to fight first Opium War ref 1
Eden, Emily ref 1, ref 2
Eden, George, 1st Earl of Auckland ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Egypt ref 1, ref 2
Elgin and Kincardine, Sir James Bruce, 8th and 12th Earl of
criticizes pretext of second Opium War ref 1, ref 2
legalizes opium ref 1
as plenipotentiary to second Opium War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Elliot, Charles ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
attempts to communicate with Qing in first Opium War ref 1, ref 2
attitude to opium trade ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
attitude to slave trade ref 1
background and early career ref 1
calls off attack on Canton ref 1
dismissed as plenipotentiary ref 1, ref 2
evades capture by Qing ref 1
hushes up death of Lin Weixi ref 1
ignores Palmerston’s instructions ref 1
opens fire on Qing ref 1
pleads for war with Qing ref 1, ref 2
public opinion in Britain turns against ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
responds to Lin Zexu’s anti-opium measures ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
talks with Qishan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
view of Sino-British relations ref 1
Elliot, Admiral George, RN ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Fenby, Jonathan ref 1
fenqing (angry young men) ref 1, ref 2
Fens ref 1, ref 2
First Emperor of China (Qinshi huangdi) ref 1
first Opium War, see Opium War, first
Forbidden City ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10
Foreign Office (British) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
France ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Chinese immigration to ref 1
British hostilities with ref 1, ref 2
participates in second Opium War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Freezing Point (Bingdian) (newspaper supplement) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Fu Manchu ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Fujian ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11
Fuzhou ref 1
Fuzhou Shipyard School ref 1, ref 2
Genghis Khan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
George III, King of Great Britain ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Gertz, Bill ref 1
Gong, Prince ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Google ref 1
Gough, Major-General Hugh ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11
Grand Canal ref 1
Great Exhibition ref 1
Great Leap Forward ref 1, ref 2
Great Wall ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Green Gang ref 1
Greville, Charles ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Grey, Charles 2nd Earl Grey ref 1, ref 2
Guan Tianpei, Admiral ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Guangdong ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
defences of ref 1, ref 2
involvement in opium trade ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Guangxi ref 1, ref 2
Guardian (newspaper) ref 1
Guizhou ref 1, ref 2
gunboat diplomacy ref 1, ref 2
Guo Quan ref 1
Guo Songtao ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
opposition to opium ref 1, ref 2
Guomindang/GMD, see Nationalist Party
guoqing (national condition) ref 1
Gützlaff, Karl ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
magistrate and spymaster at Ningbo (1841) ref 1, ref 2
Hai Ling ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Hall, Captain William, RN ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Hangzhou ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Hankow ref 1
Hawai’i ref 1
heroin ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Heshen ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Hevia, James ref 1
Hilton, Isabel ref 1
Hobhouse, John, 1st Baron Broughton ref 1, ref 2
Hong Kong re
f 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
British base in first Opium War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9
British colony (after 1842) ref 1, ref 2
handover of (1997) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Liu Xiaobo on ref 1
in negotiations for first Opium War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10
Qing plan attack on ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
in second Opium War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
and Sun Yat-sen ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Hong merchants ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
distrusted by Lin Zexu ref 1, ref 2
in negotiations of spring 1839 ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
wealth of ref 1
Honourable East India Company, see East India Company, British
Hosie, Alexander ref 1
House of Lords ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Howqua ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Hu Yaobang ref 1
Huang Jueci ref 1, ref 2
Hubei ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Hume, David ref 1
Humen ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Hunan ref 1
soldiers from ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Hundred Days’ Reforms ref 1, ref 2
Hundred Flowers Movement ref 1
Hung Taiji ref 1
Hunter, William ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Illustrated London News (periodical) ref 1
India ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
and Afghan war ref 1
British conquest and rule ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9
in first Opium War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14
and opinion in press on first Opium War ref 1
and opium trade ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15
place of exile for Ye Mingchen ref 1, ref 2
Indian Mutiny ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Indochina ref 1
Innes, James ref 1
Internet: and Chinese nationalism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Ireland ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Italy ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Japan ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
relations with early Qing dynasty ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
resentment of in contemporary China ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
in Second World War ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
and Sun Yat-Sen ref 1, ref 2
Twenty-One Demands ref 1, ref 2
war with China (1894) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Jardine, William ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12