Goddess of Anarchy
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pardoned by Altgeld, 235
requests clemency, 198
stay of execution, 199, 200
Schwab, Rudolph (socialist organizer), 293
Science of Revolutionary War, The (Most), 149
Scribner’s (magazine), 77
seamstresses. See garment workers
secession, support for, 6, 7–8
Second U.S. Congress Against War and Fascism, 338
Secondo, Charles M. (Lucy’s boarder), 251, 252, 332
Sedition Act (1918), 306, 307
self-improvement/ personal transformation, 121, 123
sexuality
and de Cleyre, 245
in Goldman’s autobiography, 337
Lucy’s conservatism regarding, 246–247, 248
in Lucy’s life, 219, 223, 348
in political discourse, 233
Signs of Change, The: Seven Lectures (Morris), 343
Simons, Algie (editor of International Socialist Review), 272
Sims, George Robert (journalist), 157
Sinclair, Upton (writer), 328
slaughterhouse workers. See meatpacking industry
slavery
and Lucy’s past, 3, 11–12, 42
and Parsons family, 6–7, 15, 23
Texas as refuge for slaveholders, 4, 9–11
See also African Americans; wage slavery
slugging (assault of employees refusing to join a strike), 117, 131, 236–237, 266, 288
Snyder, William (IWPA leader), 152
social culture
consumer culture, 237–238, 267, 272–273, 318–319
in Lucy’s life, 59–60, 86–87, 210, 270, 319, 347
See also pleasure outings, large
Social Democracy of America (SDA), 249
Social Democratic Federation (England), 216
Social Democratic Party (SDP) (later merged into WPUS), 56, 58
socialism
Albert embraces, 45–49
vs anarchism, 89–90, 165, 211
and beliefs about hardship, 51, 57
ideals of, 51, 84, 86, 249
and immigrants, 47, 84–85
infighting in, 51, 83–84
and mechanization, 51
and racism, 72, 79–80, 240–241
respectability of socialist leaders, 192–193, 195, 229, 236, 255, 259
state socialism, 51, 84, 103–104, 233, 299
workers’ demands for, in Chicago, 47, 51
See also Debs, Eugene V.; radical papers; Socialist Party; Socialistic Labor Party; Spies, August; Trade and Labor Assembly
Socialist (paper), 70, 75, 76–77, 80, 82
Socialist Party, 268
Socialistic Labor Party (SLP, formerly WPUS)
Albert nominated for US president, 79
and anarchism, 89, 124
and cannery strike, 293
and electoral process, 71, 81
internal conflicts, 83–84, 89
Lizzie Swank joins, 74
name change of, 70
numbers of supporters, 82–83
and race, 72, 79–80
on women’s work, 75
as WPUS, 58, 60, 61, 62, 70
Socio-Political Workingmen’s Union, 47, 52
Songs of the Workers: On the Road, in the Jungles and in the Shops, 299
South, the, lynching in, 241, 242. See also Texas
South West (periodical), 6
Sovereigns of Industry, 54, 72–73
Soviet Union. See Russia
Spectator (Parsons’s Republican newspaper), 21
Spies, August (socialist)
background of, 57
at Board of Trade building protest, 97–98
as editor of AZ, 91
and Haymarket events, 129, 130–131, 132
and Haymarket trial, 135, 141, 146, 148, 149, 154
last words, 214, 235
relationship with van Zandt, 185–186, 339
St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 156, 157, 158
Standard Oil, 228
State Editorial Association (Texas), 39–40
Stead, William T. (British journalist), 239
steel industry, 230, 267, 310, 333
Steffens, Lincoln (journalist), 256
Steunenberg, Frank (ID governor), 276
Stevens, Alzina Parsons (WWU leader), 72
Stewart, Bert (editor of Knights of Labor), 189
stockyard workers, 268, 305
Stockyards Labor Council, 305
Stone, Melville (editor of Chicago Daily News), 198, 325
strikebreakers (scabs), 213
and Haymarket events, 130, 131
and race, 125, 240, 241, 266, 267, 268, 301–302, 310, 316
strikes
cannery strike, 292–293
and dynamite explosions, 281–282
by garment workers, 74, 131, 266
May Day strike, 129–131
McCormick Reaper strike, 126, 129, 130
meatpackers and builders, 188
railroad strikes, 60–67, 117, 125, 129, 236, 241
slugging, 117, 131, 236–237, 266, 288
streetcar strike, 111, 126
Sullivan, Jeremiah (undercover police officer), 98
Swank, Lizzie May (or Mary) Hunt (anarchist, Lucy and Albert’s friend)
cares for Lucy’s children, 186, 194, 215
death, 325
as editor for Alarm, 112, 114
family of, 73, 74
friendship with the Parsonses, 88, 91, 112
and Haymarket events, 131, 132, 133, 134–135, 135–136, 139, 141, 153
and Haymarket trial, 149–150, 155, 201, 202, 203–204
in IWPA, 96, 97, 110
lives in Colorado, 236, 286
marries William Holmes, 112–113
on organizing young working women, 79
personal life, 73–74, 247
on power of rhetoric, 107
in reform movement, 236
on suffrage, 123
in Women’s Commonweal Society, 243
writings, 92, 93, 140, 205, 227, 247
See also Holmes, William
sweatshops. See under garment workers
syndicalism, 287–288, 289, 320, 326
Syndicalist League of North America (SLNA), 287–288, 298
Taliaferro, Martha D. Woods (slave owner), 12
Taliaferro, Thomas J. (slave owner), 11–12, 253
Taliferro, Charlott. See Carter, Charlotte
Tallavan, Jane (former slave), 12, 30, 42
Tallavan, Nellie (born enslaved), 12
Taylor, Graham (minister), 244, 258–259
Terkel, Louis “Studs” (writer), 315, 333, 339
terrorism
consequences, 348–349
historical moments, 105–107, 281–282, 308–309
and John Brown, 145
Lucy denounces, 233–234
white Southern groups, 13, 128
See also dynamite
Texas
affairs during and after Civil War, 7–8, 9–11, 12–14, 17–19
population, 7
public school system, 34, 35
See also McLennan County, Texas; Waco, Texas
Texas Constitutional Convention (1868–1869), 19, 22–23
Texas Farmer and Stock Raiser (paper), 39
Thanksgiving, 110, 122–123, 149, 224
theory vs practice, 278, 286, 287, 297–298, 336, 346
Trachtenberg, Alexander (communist, publisher), 341
Trade and Labor Assembly (TLA), 80, 89
Albert withdraws from, 93
AZ disparages, 130
founding and growth, 79, 85, 99, 125
and religious affiliation, 122
Trade and Labor Association, 225
trade unions
and anarchism, xi, 211, 233
and German immigrants, 48
Goldman opposes, 247–248
membership of, 80, 118, 125
the Parsonses estrang
ed from conservative, 120–121
syndicalism, 287–288, 289, 320, 326
See also specific unions
Travis, Dempsey J. (black community leader), 329
Treharn, Thomas L. (undercover police officer), 98
Truth (paper), 92
Tucker, Benjamin (editor of Liberty), 245
Tucker, Irwin St. John (editor of Christian Socialist), 296
Turner Hall, Twelfth Street, Chicago, 47, 48, 59, 63–64, 93, 231, 244, 320
Tyler Telegraph, 6
Umberto I (Italian king), 255, 257
unemployment in Chicago, 46–47, 234, 279, 316, 331
among black workers, 329
Bowen Hall meeting, 294–296
union lockouts, 129, 130, 188, 212, 230
Union veterans, 76
United Labor Party (ULP), 165–166, 188–189, 212
Universal Negro Improvement Association, 330
upward mobility, promise of, 119, 121
US Supreme Court, 10, 193
US-Spanish-Cuban-Filipino War, 251
Van Patten, Philip (WPUS leader), 58, 59, 63, 83, 85, 89
van Zandt, Nina
death of, 338–339
at Dil Pickle club, 321
and Lucy, 195, 344–345
old age of, 323
relationship with Spies, 185–186
Vanzetti, Bartolomeo (anarchist), 316, 320, 327
varietism (sexual freedom), 246
“Vengeance: An Open Letter to the Communist-Anarchists of Chicago” (Lloyd), 211
Vine Street Dime Museum, 166
violence
Albert disavows promotion of, 140, 153, 187, 193
Albert promotes, 71–72, 96, 97–98, 99, 106, 349
anarchists disagree on role of, 211–212, 256–257
attentat, 90, 105
and Great Railroad Strike, 60, 63–65, 67
Lucy promotes, xi, 192, 213, 229–230, 234, 348–349
by police, 130, 134, 195, 255–256, 292, 333, 350
as self-defense, 71–72, 106–107
in Soviet Russia, 324
in Waco, 4–5
white-on-black, 12–13, 19, 36, 127, 266–267, 309–310
See also dynamite; terrorism
voting
anarchists oppose, 123, 211–212
corruption in system, 5, 36–37, 80–81
the Parsonses oppose, 71, 80–81, 90, 123, 230, 265
protest votes, 71
and race, 19, 123, 300–301, 302, 330
socialists’ faith in, 57, 58, 70, 71, 236, 249
Waco, Texas
Albert praises uncharacteristically, 25
black schools in, 17–18, 19–20
founding of, 4
knowledge of Albert and Lucy’s relationship in, 31, 253, 348
lawlessness/violence in, 4–5
northern sympathizers in, 31
political tensions in, 31–32, 32–33, 37
as refuge for freedpeople, 12, 14
slaveholders migrate to, 11
See also McLennan County, Texas
Waco Advance, 37
Waco Day, 137, 159
Waco Examiner, 227
wage slavery, 46, 58, 65–66, 121–122, 179, 196, 213
wageless economies. See cooperative of small voluntary associations
Walcutt, Charles C. (Columbus mayor), 190
Waldheim Cemetery, 205, 235, 244, 286, 325, 338, 344
Waldo, John F. (printer), 85
“Was It a Fair Trial?” (pamphlet), 197
Washington, Booker T. (black community leader), 242
Weisbord, Vera Buch (labor organizer), 333, 335
Wells-Barnett, Ida B. (black writer), 241–242, 302
Western Federation of Miners (WFM), 264, 269, 275–277, 276, 281
Western Newsman, 197, 205
white collar labor force. See middle class
Willard, Frances (WCTU founder), 240
Williams, Eugene (black Chicago youth), 309
Williams, Fannie Barrier (black community leader), 241
Williamson, Marshall H. (reporter), 97–98
Wilmarth, Mary H. (wealthy Chicago widow), 296
Wilson, Harry “Kill Christ” (atheist speaker), 321
Wilson, Woodrow (American president), 288, 309
Witherspoon, John (Lucy’s neighbor), 250
Wobblies. See Industrial Workers of the World
Wobbly (Chaplin), 323
Woman’s Peace Party, 299
women
and gender conventions, 110, 112, 172, 273
and Haymarket events, 131, 152
in IWPA, 109–110, 111
leadership of black women, 241, 302
in reform movement, 225
and sexual “varietism,” 246–247
in strikes, 64, 267, 292–293
suffrage, 72, 302
See also garment workers; sexuality
Women’s Bureau of the US Department of Labor, 329
women’s organizations, 168, 243
Working Women’s Union, 72–73, 74–75, 78–79, 83, 88
workers, divided among themselves, 117–120
Working Women’s Union (WWU), 72–73, 74–75, 78–79, 83, 88
Workingmen’s Party of Illinois (later merged into WPUS), 54, 58
Workingmen’s Party of the United States (WPUS) (later Socialistic Labor Party), 58, 60, 61, 62, 70
Philip Van Patten (leader), 58, 59, 63, 83, 85, 89
See also Socialistic Labor Party
World War I, 291, 298–300, 304–307, 308
World War II, 341–342
World’s Columbian Exposition (1893), 239–240, 241, 242
Wright, Richard (black migrant to Chicago), 300, 339–340
Yom Kippur dance (1905), 271
Zaddick, Charles W. (anarchist), 169
Zeisler, Sigmund (attorney), 142, 155, 199
Zeller, Louis (CLU member), 220–221