The Muslims Are Coming!
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12 “Stabbing at Queens Mosque May Be Bias Attack,” Fox New York, November 18, 2012.
13 Marc Santora, “Woman Is Charged with Murder as a Hate Crime in a Fatal Subway Push,” New York Times, December 29, 2012.
14 Lee Romney, “Attack on Sikh Men Triggers Outcry in Elk Grove, Calif., and Beyond,” Los Angeles Times, April 11, 2011.
15 Joe Heim, “Wade Michael Page Was Steeped in Neo-Nazi ‘Hate Music’ Movement,” Washington Post, August 7, 2012.
16 “US Mosque Burned to Ground,” Daily Telegraph, August 6, 2012.
17 Josh Stockinger, “Homemade Bomb Goes Off outside Muslim School,” Chicago Daily Herald, August 14, 2012.
18 Paul Fanlund, “In Wake of Wisconsin Temple Murders, Muslims Remain ‘Enemy du Jour,’ ” Capital Times, December 17, 2012.
19 United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Constitution, Civil Rights, Human Rights, and the Law, testimony by Farhana Khera at hearing on protecting the civil rights of American Muslims, March 29, 2011.
20 Paul Jackson, “The EDL: Britain’s “New Far Right” Social Movement,” Northampton, UK, Radicalism and New Media Research Group, University of Northampton, 2011.
21 Cahal Milmo and Nigel Morris, “Ten Attacks on Mosques since Woolwich Murder,” Independent, May 27, 2013; James Meikle, Matthew Taylor, and Vikram Dodd, “Police Investigate Fire at Islamic Community Centre in Muswell Hill,” Guardian, June 5, 2013; “Ben Quinn, “Device outside Mosque Was Bomb,” Guardian, June 23, 2013; Vikram Dodd, “Police Investigate Nail Bomb Explosion Near West Midlands Mosque,” Guardian, July 12, 2013.
22 Mission Statement, English Defence League, englishdefenceleague.org, accessed January 26, 2013.
23 David Edgar, “Racism, Fascism and the Politics of the National Front,” Race and Class, 19: 2, 1977.
24 Gary Younge, “When You Watch the BNP on TV, Just Remember: Jack Straw Started All This,” Guardian, October 21, 2009.
25 Adi Schwartz, “Between Haider and a Hard Place,” Haaretz, August 28, 2005.
26 Tom-Jan Meeus, “Grote Geld Voor Wilders Ligt in VS,” NRC Handelsblad, January 25, 2012.
27 “Rabbi Shifren’s Speech at the EDL Demonstration,” Jewish Chronicle, October 25, 2010.
28 A. Millar, “The English Defense League: The New Face of Anti-Islamist Protest in Europe?” Hudson Institute, September 22, 2010, hudson-ny.org, accessed June 30, 2011.
29 Matt Carr, “You Are Now Entering Eurabia,” Race and Class, 48: 1, 2006.
30 Max Blumenthal, “The Great Islamophobic Crusade,” December 20, 2010, maxblumenthal.com, accessed January 26, 2013.
31 Kristine McNeil, “The War on Academic Freedom,” Nation, November 11, 2002.
32 Wajahat Ali, Eli Clifton, Matthew Duss, Lee Fang, Scott Keyes, and Faiz Shakir, “Fear, Inc.: The Roots of the Islamophobia Network in America,” Center for American Progress, August 2011, 15, 22, 65–69.
33 Legislating Fear: Islamophobia and its Impact on the United States, Washington, DC: Council on American-Islamic Relations, 2013, 1.
34 Ibid., 17.
35 “Muslims Decry Banning of Hijab-Wearing Women at Obama Event,” Agence France-Presse, June 19, 2008.
36 Suhail A. Khan, “America’s First Muslim President,” Foreign Policy, August 23, 2010.
37 “Pamela Geller Op-Ed in World Net Daily: Obama’s Islam,” Atlas Shrugs, June 10, 2009, atlasshrugs2000.typepad.com, accessed January 27, 2013.
38 “Spencer Interview: Is Obama a Muslim?” Jihad Watch, April 29, 2010, jihadwatch.org, accessed January 27, 2013.
39 Pranab Dhal Samanta, “No Headscarf, Obama May Skip Golden Temple Visit,” Indian Express, October 19, 2010.
40 “Only Four-in-Ten Correctly Identify Romney as Mormon,” Public Religion Research Institute/Religion News Service, July 25, 2011.
41 Ali et al., “Fear, Inc.,” 44–45.
42 Center for Security Policy, “Shariah: The Threat to America (an Exercise in Competitive Analysis—Report of Team ‘B’ II, Washington, DC, 2010, 6, 10, 13, 14, 17.
43 Ibid., 13–14, 16, 19, 128.
44 Ibid., 9, 21.
45 Thomas E. Ricks, “Commander Punished as Army Probes Detainee Treatment,” Washington Post, April 5, 2004, A13.
46 Tim Murphy, “Rep. Allen West’s (Very, Very) Stealth Jihad,” Mother Jones, July 26, 2011.
47 Ali et al., “Fear, Inc.,” 29.
48 “Zombie Lie: Right Still Clinging to Decade-old fabrication about Radicalized Mosques,” Media Matters for America, February 2, 2011, http://mediamatters.org/print/research/201102020008, accessed March 6, 2011.
49 Abed Awad, “The True Story of Sharia in American Courts,” Nation, June 13, 2012.
50 Robert P. Jones, Daniel Cox, William A. Galston, and E. J. Dionne, Jr., “What it Means to Be American: Attitudes in an Increasingly Diverse America Ten Years After 9/11,” Brookings Institution and Public Religion Research Institute, Washington, DC, 2011, 2.
51 Scott Shane, “In Islamic Law, Gingrich Sees a Mortal Threat to US,” New York Times, December 21, 2011.
52 Justin Sink, “Cain: Majority of US Muslims Share Extremist Views,” The Hill, November 14, 2011.
53 Awad, “The True Story of Sharia in American Courts.”
54 Alex Seitz-Wald, “Her Muslim Witch Hunt,” Salon, July 13, 2012, salon.com, accessed July 17, 2012.
55 Richard Hofstadter, The Paranoid Style in American Politics, New York: Vintage, 2008.
56 Rasmussen Reports, “63% See Conflict between Islam and the West,” May 14, 2012.
57 “Terror in Oslo,” Wall Street Journal, July 23, 2011.
58 Anders Behring Breivik, “2083—European Declaration of Independence,” 2011.
59 “Native Revolt: A European Declaration of Independence,” Brussels Journal, March 16, 2007, brusselsjournal.com, accessed January 27, 2013.
60 Pamela Geller, “Summer Camp? Anti-Semitic Indoctrination Training Center,” Atlas Shrugs, July 31, 2011, atlasshrugs2000.typepad.com, accessed January 27, 2013.
61 Helen Pidd, “Anders Behring Breivik Spent Years Training and Plotting for Massacre,” Guardian, August 24, 2012.
9. DREAM NOT OF OTHER WORLDS
1 Laila al-Arian, “TV’s Most Islamophobic Show,” Salon, December 15, 2012, salon.com. In this section I have drawn on Anna Erickson’s “Homeland as Almost Progressive,” New York University, 2012.
2 Jorge Rivas, “Group Says Lowe’s Is One of 64 Companies to Pull Ads From ‘All-American Muslim,’ ” Colorlines, December 13, 2011, accessed December 13, 2011; Lorraine Ali and Marisa Guthrie, “Why American Cable Systems Won’t Carry the al Jazeera Network,” Hollywood Reporter, March 18, 2011.
3 United States of America v. Mohammad el-Mezain, Ghassan Elashi, Shukri Abu Baker, Mufid Abdulqader, Abdulrahman Odeh, Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development, United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, December 7, 2011, 10.
4 Ibid., 8.
5 Ghassan Elashi, Shukri Abu Baker, Mufid Abdulqader, and Abdulrahman Odeh v. United States of America, Petition for a Writ of Certiorari, United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, 2012.
6 Alia Malek, “Gitmo in the Heartland,” Nation, March 10, 2011.
7 “An Explanatory Memorandum on the General Strategic Goal for the Group in North America,” May 22, 1991.
8 Ibid., 32.
9 P. David Gaubatz and Paul Sperry, Muslim Mafia: Inside the Secret Underworld That’s Conspiring to Islamize America, Washington, DC: WND Books, 2009, iii–iv.
10 Ibid., 301–2.
11 Daniel Pipes, “CAIR’s Dirty Tricks against Me,” FrontPageMagazine.com, September 7, 2007, frontpagemag.com, accessed September 20, 2013.
12 Daniel Pipes, “Islamists Impose Sharia by Stealth,” Australian, November 6, 2009.
13 Pew Research Center, “The Future of the Global Muslim Population Projections for 2010–2030,” Washington, DC, January 2011, 137.
14 Samuel P. Huntington, “The Clash of Civilizations?” F
oreign Affairs, Summer 1993, 35.
15 Ryan Lizza, “The Consequentialist,” New Yorker, May 2, 2011.
16 Fareed Zakaria, “The Real Threat in the Middle East,” Time, January 23, 2012, 20.
17 Bobby Ghosh, “Morsi’s Moment,” Time, November 28, 2012.
18 Fawaz Gerges, “The New Capitalists: Islamists’ Political Economy,” open Democracy, May 10, 2012, opendemocracy.net, accessed April 13, 2013.
19 John Kerry interview with Hamid Mir of Geo TV, Pakistan, August 1, 2013, state.gov, accessed August 3, 2013.
20 Sharif Abdel Kouddous, “What Led to Morsi’s Fall—And What Comes Next?,” Nation, July 5, 2013.
21 David Brooks, “Defending the Coup,” New York Times, July 15, 2013, A19; Michael Rubin, “The Perils of Proportionality,” Commentary, August 16, 2013; David Pryce-Jones, “Laboratory of Islamism—Egypt’s Long Erosion by an Imperial Ideology,” National Review, August 19, 2013.
22 Michael Jacobson, Terrorist Dropouts: Learning from Those Who Have Left, Washington, DC, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy Focus, 101, 2010, 17; Arsalan Iftikhar, “Challenges of a Muslim ‘Deradicalizer,’ ” Providence Journal, February 13, 2010.
23 Helen Carter, “Jihad Recruiters Jailed after Anti-Terror Trial,” Guardian, September 9, 2011.
24 Chris Woods, Alice K Ross, Oliver Wright, “Exclusive: Secret War on Enemy Within,” Independent, February 27, 2013.
25 Robert Verkaik, “British Man Who ‘Vanished’ after Being Stripped of Citizenship Says He Was Tortured and Forced to Sign a Confession by the CIA,” Mail on Sunday, January 19, 2013.
26 Diala Shamas and Nermeen Arastu, Mapping Muslims: NYPD Spying and Its Impact on American Muslims, Muslim American Civil Liberties Coalition, Creating Law Enforcement Accountability & Responsibility, and Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund, 2013, 20.
27 Ibid., 23–24.
28 Sunaina Marr Maira, Missing: Youth, Citizenship, and Empire after 9/11 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2009), 254.
29 Hasan M. Elahi, “You Want to Track Me? Here You Go, FBI,” New York Times, October 29, 2011.
30 John O. Koehler, Stasi: The Untold Story of the East German Secret Police, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999.
31 According to Senator Dianne Feinstein of the Senate Intelligence Committee, “The FBI now has 10,000 people doing intelligence on counterterrorism.” Transcript of a news conference with Senators Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) and Saxby Chambliss (R-GA), June 6, 2013, washingtonpost.com, accessed July 26, 2013; Trevor Aaronson, The Terror Factory: Inside the FBI’s Manufactured War on Terrorism, Brooklyn, NY: Ig Publishing, 2013, 44.
32 Shamas and Arastu, Mapping Muslims, 40.
33 Ryan Devereaux, “Muslim Student Monitored by the NYPD: ‘It Just Brings Everything Home,’ ” Guardian, February 22, 2012.
34 Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, New York: New Press, 2011.
35 Interview with Javaad Alipoor, Bradford, June 13, 2011.
36 Roger Eatwell and Matthew J. Goodwin, eds, The New Extremism in 21st-Century Britain, London: Routledge, 2010, 243.
37 John Gray, Two Faces of Liberalism, New York: New Press, 2002.
38 David Goodhart, Progressive Nationalism: Citizenship and the Left, London: Demos, 2006.
39 Andrew Tangel and Ashley Powers, “FBI: Boston Suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev Followed ‘Radical Islam,’ ” Los Angeles Times, April 20, 2013.
40 E. P. Thompson, “The Secret State,” Race and Class, 20: 3, 1979, 235.
41 The Case of Leon Trotsky: Report of Hearings on the Charges Made Against Him in the Moscow Trials, Thirteenth Session—Part 1, New York: Merit Publishers, 1969, Marxists Internet Archive marxists.org, accessed April 18, 2013.
42 Martin Luther King, “Beyond Vietnam—A Time to Break Silence,” speech, New York, NY: April 4, 1967.
Acknowledgments
The writing of this book was supported by a grant from the Open Society Fellowship. Parts of Chapters 4 and 8 first appeared as articles in Race and Class (54: 2, October 2012) and in Critical Muslim (no. 3, 2011). I am grateful to the editors of both journals for permission to reproduce sections of the articles here. The people who helped in the writing of this book are too numerous to mention by name, but I would particularly like to thank all those who agreed to meet with me or be interviewed. Especially helpful was the assistance I received from Fahd Ahmed, Hishaam Aidi, Amna Akbar, Harmit Athwal, Jenny Bourne, Nancy Chang, Lisena DeSantis, Mohamed Dirie, Liz Fekete, Mike German, Stephen Hubbell, Deepa Kumar, Kate Martin, Nancy Murray, Fattum Mutahr, Faiza Patel, Wendy Patten, Bipasha Ray, Rizwaan Sabir, A. Sivanandan, and Hazel Waters. None of them, of course, is responsible for the opinions I have expressed here. Andy Hsiao at Verso did a careful and thoughtful job of editing the original manuscript. Finally, I am grateful to Tanuka Loha for the warm support, insightful comments, and careful analysis she provided during the writing of this book.