The Historians of Late Antiquity

by David Rohrbacher

  Pelagius 138

  Pentecost 128, 212

  Pergamius 172

  Peri archon 96–7

  Pericles 184

  Periochae 60

  Persia 2, 4, 7, 14, 17, 145, 176, 202, 207–15, 230, 236, 243–4, 248, 250, 253, 260, 265–72, 280, 284; in Ammianus 19, 21, 26–7, 33–4, 39, 67, 160–1, 175, 180–1, 186, 191, 208–10, 214, 235; in Eunapius 67, 184, 210, 235; in Eutropius 49, 56, 153, 183, 211, 215, 235; in Festus 59–62, 183, 211, 215, 235; in Orosius 139, 211, 285; in Priscus 85, 89, 214; in Socrates 114, 177, 213, 215; in Sozomen 124, 212; in Theodoret 132, 213–15; in Victor 210

  Pertinax 47, 181

  Pessinus 253

  Peter and Paul, Basilica of 224

  Peter, Saint 223

  Peter the Galatian 126

  Phaedo 161

  Phameas 184

  Phileas 102

  Philip (apostle) 287

  Philip (emperor) 47, 189

  Philip II, of Macedon 139, 141

  Philip of Side 110, 156

  Philo of Alexandria 198

  Philostorgius 76

  Philotomus 102

  Philtatius 74

  Photius 184; on Eunapius 65–8, 70 283; on Gelasius of Caesarea 100–1; on Malchus 88; on Olympiodorus 73–9; on Philostorgius 76; on Priscus 87; on Sozomen 117, 123

  Phrygia 119, 256

  pila 62

  Pindar 71

  Pinetum 99

  Pinian 99

  Pirisabora 37

  Pisander 79

  Pithekos 109

  Pius, Antoninus: in Ammianus 245; in Eutropius 168; in Victor 46

  Placidia, Galla 5, 81, 223, 227; in Olympiodorus 73, 79–80, 189, 234; in Orosius 147, 224

  Plataea 92

  Plato 10; in Eunapius 71; in Priscus 90

  Platonic 255, 266

  Platonism 238

  Pliny the Younger 40

  Plotinus 10

  Pluto 58

  Polybius 37

  Pompey: in Ammianus 180–1; in Eunapius 184; in Eutropius 52; in Festus 62; in Victor 47, 182

  pontifex maximus 69, 185

  Porphyry 238

  Portuguese 135

  Praetextatus 41

  praetorian prefect 5, 43

  price regulation 176–7

  Priscillian 136

  Priscus (historian) 11, 82–92; and Huns 83–6, 88, 90–2, 176, 185, 214, 225–8, 234–5; and the Persians 214; embassy to Attila 83–6, 158; debate with Greek defector 90–1, 176; life 82–7; on corruption in court circles 170; on Persia 85, 89, 214; on republic 183–5; on Theodosius II 88–90, 170, 234; religion 87; sources 92; speeches in 159–60; style 91–2; work 87–92

  Priscus (theurgist) 238–9

  Priscus, Tarquinius: in Eutropius 53; in Victor 182

  Probus (emperor) 46, 182

  Probus (son of Olybrius) 79

  Probus, Petronius 16, 169

  Procas 146

  Proclus 113, 115, 119–20, 195, 197

  proconsul Asiae 58, 60

  Procopius (historian) 87

  Procopius (usurper) 4, 215; and Eutropius 50; in Ammianus 21, 216; in Eunapius 71, 216; in Eutropius 215; in Socrates 115

  Prohaeresius 64, 240

  protector domesticus 14–15, 40

  Proterius 86

  Pulcheria 6, 129, 212; in Eunapius 70; in Priscus 89; in Sozomen 119–20, 125, 166–7

  Punic Wars: in Ammianus 180; in Eutropius 51–2; in Orosius 139

  Quadratus, Asinius 79

  Quietus, Lucius 275

  Radagaisus 5, 147, 223–4

  Ravenna 79

  Recognitions 99

  Regulus 180

  relationes: in Ammianus 40; in Olympiodorus 81

  relics: of Babylas, in Ammianus 253; of Stephen, in Orosius 135, 137; of Stephen and Zechariah, in Sozomen 121

  Religious History 130–1, 200

  Res Gestae Divi Augusti 55

  Revelation, Book of 145

  rex 7

  Rhegium 78, 99

  Rhine 4–5, 20, 219, 225, 231

  Ricimer 6, 89–90

  Ring of Sixtus 97

  Robber Synod 128–9, 133

  Romania 147, 215

  Romanitas 180

  Romanus II 149

  Rome (city) 5, 8, 40–1, 94, 96, 136–7, 223, 278, 283–4; and Ammianus 20–1, 25–6, 28–30, 35, 37, 153, 165; and Eutropius 51; and Festus 61; and Olympiodorus 77–8, 81, 189, 223; and Orosius 139–42, 146–8, 158 and Priscus 82, 86; and Rufinus 98–9; and Sozomen 125; and Victor 42–3, 45, 176, 337–8

  Romulus: in Eutropius 51; in Orosius 139–40, 146, 185; in Victor 45

  Rua 6, 88, 225

  Rufinus (historian) 12, 93–107, 151–5, 177, 187; and Eusebius 98, 100–3, 105, 161; and Orosius 138, 144; and Socrates

  100, 104–5, 111–12, 156, 161, 228; and Sozomen 105, 123, 228; and Theodoret 138; life 93–9; on barbarians 234–5; on Constantine I 100–1, 103–5, 107, 228–30, 284; on Constantius II 103–4, 229; on Goths 221, 230, 286; on Jews 203–4; on Jovian 269; on Julian 103–4, 240, 248, 254–5, 259, 264, 269; on missions 228–30; on monks 198–9; on Theodosius I 98, 100–1, 103, 105–7, 161, 234, 276, 279, 281, 284, 286–7; on Valens 104; work 100–7

  Rufinus (prefect) 5, 169, 282

  Ruga 235

  Sabbatius 204

  Sabine Women 141, 185

  Sabinianus 17–18

  Sabinus: and Socrates 112, 114, 155–7, 161; and Sozomen 123; and Theodoret 131

  sacrifice 7, 10, 107, 190–2, 251–3, 257, 259–60, 272, 278

  sagitta 62

  Salices 219

  Sallust: and Ammianus 25–7, 36–7, 154; and Orosius 141; and Victor 45

  Salutius Secundus 169

  Saracens: in Ammianus 27; in Priscus 86; in Socrates 114; in Sozomen 271; in Theodoret 272

  Sardinia 61

  Sardis 39, 64

  Sarmatians: in Ammianus 160, 231; in Orosius 144; in Victor 181

  Sasanians 2, 208, 212, 230

  Saturn 105, 191

  Saxons 232

  Scholasticus: of Socrates 108; of Sozomen 118

  Scione 69

  Scipio Aemilianus: in Ammianus 37, 180; in Eunapius 184

  Sciri 153 Scottas 83–4

  Scottish 136

  scrinium epistolarum 43

  Scythia: in Sozomen 118

  Scythian: in Orosius 285; in Priscus 91

  Sebastian (general) 169

  Sebastian (usurper) 77

  Semiramis 146, 148

  Serapaeum 278; in Ammianus 16; in Eunapius 66, 70, 278–9; in Rufinus 106, 279, 286; in Socrates and Sozomen 195, 279; in Theodoret 195, 280

  Serapion 194–5

  Serapis 278; in Rufinus 103, 106, 191; in Socrates 109; in Theodoret 280

  Serbia 42

  Serdica 83

  Servius Tullius 53

  Severian 194–5

  Severus, Alexander 2; in Eutropius 52; in Orosius 211; in Victor 45, 231

  Severus, Libius 6

  Severus, Septimius: in Orosius 144; in Sozomen 121; in Victor 42, 45, 158, 174

  Shapur I 208

  Shapur II 208, 212, 265–6; in Ammianus 19–21, 33, 161, 209; in Eutropius 211; in Orosius 211; in Sozomen 212

  Sicilian 119

  Sicily: and Rufinus 99; in Festus 61; in Olympiodorus 78

  Silvanus (bishop) 174

  Silvanus (usurper) 17, 32, 38, 232

  Simeon Stylites 10, 129

  Siricius, Pope 96–7

  Sirmium 17, 42–3, 84, 227, 275

  Sixtus II, Pope 97

  Smyrna 64

  Socrates (historian) 12, 108–16, 151, 155–6, 161, 166, 177, 187; and Ammianus 111; and Eusebius 98; and Olympiodorus 76, 116; and Rufinus 100, 104–5, 111–12, 156, 161, 228; and Sozomen 110, 116, 118, 121–5, 151; and Theodoret 130–3, 162; life 108–10; on Constantine I 109, 113–15, 156, 170, 201, 217; on Constantius II 170, 241, 249, 255–6; on courtiers 170; on Goths 114, 132, 217, 221–3, 235; on Huns 235; on Jews 203�
��5, 212; on John Chrysostom 155, 194–7; on Julian 174, 240–3, 248–9, 255–6, 259, 264–5, 270, 272; on justice 174; on missions 234–5; on monks 198–9, 201; on paganism 191; on Persia 114, 177, 213, 215; on Theodosius I 111, 166, 275–6, 279, 281, 284, 287; on Theodosius II 110, 113, 115, 161, 166, 174, 197, 223; on Valens 115, 174, 221–2; sources 112–13, 154; style 110–11; work 110–16

  Socrates (philosopher) 19, 33, 266; in Ammianus 160–1; in Eunapius 68, 70, 184

  Sodom 155

  Sofia 83

  sophist 49, 64–5, 68, 70–1, 82, 91, 107, 193, 255

  sophistic chair 74

  sophistic cloak 78

  Sophocles 133

  Sophronius 105

  Sozomen 12, 117–25, 153, 155–7, 161–2, 166–7, 187–8; and Eusebius 98; and Olympiodorus 75–6, 79–80, 121, 233; and Rufinus 105, 228; and Socrates 110, 116, 118, 121–5, 151; and Theodoret 130–3, 162; grandfather 117–18, 159, 258; life 117–20; on Constantine I 120, 123–4, 157, 212, 217, 258; on Constantius II 242,249; on courtiers 170; on Goths 217–18, 222–3, 235; on Huns 119, 197; 225; on Jews 122, 203, 206; on John Chrysostom 194–7; on Julian 120, 175, 241–2, 249, 256–9, 264–5, 270–1; on law 174–5; on missions 234; on monks 198–201; on paganism 191; on Persia 124, 212; on Theodosius I 120, 174, 275, 277, 279, 282–4, 287; on Theodosius II 110, 120–1, 125, 161, 166; on Valens 10, 174, 222; sources 122–3, 154; work 120–5

  Spain 5, 7, 61, 77, 135–7, 142, 275–6

  Spartacus 139

  Spartans 68

  Spyridion 114, 154

  Stephen, relics of 121, 135, 137 Stilicho 5, 66, 72, 75–7, 80, 223

  Stoic 115

  Strasbourg, Battle of 243; in Ammianus 32–3, 39–40, 160, 180, 246; in Eunapius 247; in Socrates 249

  Suda: and Eunapius 65, 69, 263, 268; and Eutropius 49, 54; and Priscus 82, 87–9

  Suebi 147

  Suebia 55

  Suetonius 52, 54, 138

  Sulla, Lucius Cornelius: in Ammianus 180; in Eunapius 184; in Eutropius 52–3, 55, 182; in Orosius 186

  Sura 129

  Symeon 212

  Symmachus 40, 50–1, 79, 284

  Symplegades 154

  Synagoge 112, 155

  synods 9, 113–14, 122, 128–9, 131, 137, 204, 264

  Syria 10, 14, 86, 94, 124, 129–30, 177, 200, 205

  Syriac 16, 117, 127, 200; see also Aramaic Syrian 118, 126, 129, 193

  Tacitus 23, 25, 52; and Ammianus 36–7, 179; and Orosius 138, 155; and Victor 45

  Tages 191

  Talmud 202

  Talmudic 203

  Tarquins 146

  Tarsus 19, 119

  Tatian 256

  Tatius, Titus 141

  taxation 175–6, 198; and Theodoret 127; in Ammianus 245, 252, 263; in Eutropius 264; in Orosius 147; in Priscus 90–1; in Socrates 265; in Victor 43, 46 Telemachus 201

  Tertullian 102

  tetrarchy 2–3, 47

  Thebaid 74, 79

  Thebes 73, 82, 86

  Themistius 112

  Themistocles 70, 184

  Theodore (dedicatee of Socrates) 112–12, 152

  Theodore (young man) 154, 173–4, 255–6

  Theodore Lector 117 Theodore of Mopsuestia 127, 131–2

  Theodoret 12, 111, 126–34, 150–2, 162, 187; and Eusebius 98; and Rufinus 138; and Socrates and Sozomen 130–3, 162; life 126–30; on Adrianople 222; on Constantine I 131–2; on Constantius II 131, 272; on courtiers 170; on Goths 132, 217, 222, 235, 275; on John Chrysostom 177, 194–5, 197; on Julian 131–3, 242–3, 249, 259–60, 264–5, 271; on missions 228, 234; on monks 198–201; on Persia 132, 213–15; on Theodosius I 133, 275–7, 280–2, 284–5, 287–8; on Theodosius II 131–2, 197; on Valens 131, 200–1, 222; other works 129–30; parents 126–7; sources 131; work 130–4

  Theodoric I 223, 227

  Theodoric Strabo 6

  Theodorus 35, 275

  Theodosian Code 76, 82, 110, 170, 175, 222

  Theodosian house 125

  Theodosius I 4–5, 108, 216, 218, 222, 224; accession 274–6; against heresy 276–8; against pagans 278–80; and Ammianus 29, 35, 274–5; and Eutropius 41, 278; and Frigidus 285–8; and Magnus Maximus 283–5; and synagogue at Callinicum 280; and Thessalonica 280–3; and Victor 43; in Eunapius 67, 69, 278–9, 281–4, 286; in Orosius 144, 235, 275, 285, 288; in Rufinus 98, 100–1, 103, 105–7, 161, 234, 276, 279, 281, 284, 286–7; in Socrates 111, 166, 275–6, 279, 281, 284, 287; in Sozomen 120, 174, 275, 277, 279, 282–4, 287; in Theodoret 133, 275–7, 280–2, 284–5, 287–8

  Theodosius II 6, 82–3, 86, 128–9, 212–13, 227, 235, 288; in Priscus 88–90, 170, 234; in Socrates 110, 113, 115, 161, 166, 174, 197, 223; in Sozomen 110, 120–1, 125, 161, 166; in Theodoret 131–2, 197

  Theodosius III 223–4

  Theodosius Elder 274–5; in Ammianus 21, 40, 274–5; in Orosius 275

  Theodosius of Synada 177

  Theodotus (bishop) 132

  Theodotus (victim of Valens) 174

  Theodulus (martyr) 256

  Theodulus (victim of Valens) 256

  Theonas 199

  Theophanes 88

  Theophilus of Alexandria 95, 99, 109, 194–5, 201

  Theotokos 127–8

  Theron 202

  Thersites 36

  Thessalonica 106, 151, 280, 282

  theurgy 10, 238–9, 242, 263

  Thrace 6, 17, 27, 82 218, 220, 233

  Thucydides 155; and Ammianus 25; and Eunapius 68–9, 71, 184; and Priscus 91–2

  Tiberius: in Orosius 143–4, 186; in Victor 172, 248

  Tigris 208, 265, 271

  Timagenes 25, 27, 154

  Timothy 113

  Titus: in Ammianus 30, 164, 245; in Eutropius 173; in Orosius 206

  Toulouse, Kingdom of 223

  Trajan (emperor) 40; in Ammianus 30, 164, 245; in Eunapius 69; in Eutropius 53, 55–6, 176, 211; in Orosius 275, 285; in Victor 46

  Trajan (general) 222

  Tridentum 57

  Trogus, Pompeius: and Ammianus 226; and Orosius 138, 145

  True Cross: in Rufinus 103; in Socrates 154

  Tullus Hostilius 53

  Twelve Anathemas 128

  Tyrannus 105

  Tyre 113, 229

  Uldis 119

  Ulfila 132, 216–17 Ursacius 96, 99

  Ursicinus 15–19, 31–2, 36, 38, 40, 203

  Ursulus 262

  Vahram V 212–13

  Valens (consul) 52

  Valens (emperor) 4, 9, 16, 50–1, 59–60, 94, 118, 174, 182, 215–22, 271, 275; and Eutropius 49, 55–6, 151–2, 164, 215; and Festus 55, 57–8, 60–3, 211, 215; in Ammianus 20–4, 31, 34–5, 38, 41, 171–2, 175, 216; in Eunapius 66, 69, 74, 173, 216; in Orosius 147, 225; in Rufinus 104; in Socrates 115, 174, 221–2; in Sozomen 120, 174, 222; in Theodoret 131, 200–1, 222

  Valentia 59

  Valentinian I 4, 59, 182, 271, 275; and Festus 60; in Ammianus 20–3, 31, 34–6, 40, 169, 171, 175; in Eunapius 69; in Sozomen 120, 125; in Theodoret 222, 260

  Valentinian II 4–5, 283, 286; and Eutropius 51, 278; in Rufinus 284; in Socrates 287; in Theodoret 284–5

  Valentinian III 5–6, 227; and Olympiodorus 75–6; in Eunapius 232; in Priscus 89; in Socrates 111, 197

  Valerian 7, 198, 208; in Orosius 211; in Victor 210

  Valerius 74 Valvomeres, Peter 36

  Vandals 6, 76, 89, 147, 230

  Vegoe 191

  Ventidius 181

  Vergil: and Ammianus 37, 245; and Orosius 138

  Verina 89

  Verus, Lucius 62

  Vespasian: in Ammianus 30; in Eutropius 176, 183; in Victor 46, 173, 176

  Vetus 52

  Victor, Aurelius 11, 42–8, 52, 151, 158–9, 163–4; and Ammianus 39, 43, 164–5; and Eutropius 44–5, 47, 52, 54, 55, 164, 211; and Festus 60–2, 211; life 42–3, 278; on barbarians 230–1; on clemency 172–3; on Constantine 42, 168, 189, 240; on Constantius II 44, 47, 168, 181, 210, 240; on emperor’s subordinates 168; on Jews 203; on Julian 240, 248;
on Persia 210; on religion 47, 188–9, 191; on republic 181–2, 187; on taxes 176; sources 44; work 44–8

  Vienna 245

  Vigilas 83–4, 86

  Vitalis, Orderic 149

  Vitellius 47

  Wallia 139

  Xenophon 122

  Yahweh 204

  Yezdegerd I 212–13

  Zechariah 121

  Zeno (emperor) 6–7, 89

  Zeno (martyr) 124, 258

  Zercon 85

  Zeugmatos 199

  Zeus 109, 259, 270, 280

  Zoroastrian 208, 212–13

  Zosimus 23, 39, 65–7, 69, 72, 75–7, 79–80, 184–5, 223, 240, 247–8, 263, 268, 281