American Phoenix
Page 56
British blockade, 66
ordinance encouraging Danish capture of American ships, 183
as pirates, 195
US merchant ships risk from privateers, 190–191
war with England, 52
Derby Academy, 324
Detroit (fort), capture and surrender, 356–357
diamonds, 115
digitalis, 346
diplomats in Russia
in 1812, 349
annual expense in St. Petersburg, 131
JQA cards of introduction delivered to, 98
JQA learning rules of, 7
JQA position within, 319
lifestyle, 37
at Peterhof party, 302–303
divorce, of Empress Josephine, 145
dowry of L. Adams, 189
Dupin, 435–436, 441
Easter eggs, 12, 170–171
Easter Sunday, 169
Elizabeth (Russian empress), 105
Louisa’s meeting with, 111–112
Elsinore (Helsingør), 75
embargo
impact on commerce, 136
by Jefferson, 49, 306
reinstatement, 305
Embargo Act, 28
Emerson, Pastor, 70
empress mother, 142, 250, 303
clothes as Winter Palace ball, 114–115
invitation to girls’ school examination ceremony, 267–268
Louisa and, 148
Louisa’s introduction to, 112–113
as patron over factory with child laborers, 168
Enghien, Duke d’, 210–211
England
Alexander’s interest in US relations with, 273
Alexander’s view of, 100
blockade, 122
direct negotiation with US, 384
embargo reinstated, 241
fleet arrival in Chesapeake, 394
hatred of US, 306
House of Commons, 444
impressment, 49, 62, 305, 358–361, 372
Napoleon’s trade policies impact, 223
negotiation demands, 388
Orders in Council (1807), 66, 100
Parliament and Orders in Council, 339–340
prime minister’s assassination, 339
threat of war on US, 156, 280–281, 326.
See also war between US and Britain (War of 1812)
war with Denmark, 52
English Club, Louisa as stand-in for JQA at ball, 163
English Courier, 356
Ertholmene (Christiansø), 80–81
erysipelas (St. Anthony’s fire), 162–163
Essex, 141–142
Europe
famine in 1812, 333
political change, 160
postal systems in, 4
Russia as power in, 95
Everett, Alexander, 34, 44, 132–133, 295
exercise, 173
exile
of Adams, 97, 336–337
Louisa’s life in, 15–16
of Napoleon, 381
faith
of JQA, 141, 348
of Louisa, 282, 301, 450
Federalists, 35, 393, 412
Fedorovna, Maria (Alexander’s mother), JQA
meeting with, 108
fencing, 208–209
finances
of diplomats, 104
of J. & L. Adams, 104–105, 188–189
Louisa’s uncertainty about, 382, 429
and Madison’s exit strategy for JQA, 252
salary of Adams, 249–250
vs. Caulaincourt, 233
in St. Petersburg, 159
fireworks
in Boston, 38
in St. Petersburg, 303
flannel, 330–331
Flaugergues, Honoré, 315
Flavel, John, 391
Florida, United States acquisition, 273–274
Fontainebleau Decrees (1810), 240
Fontanka canal, 245
forgeries of French licenses, 207, 248
fortune-teller, Louisa and, 406–407
Foster, Augustus, 280, 393
Foster, John, 325, 333, 344
France. See also Napoleon Bonaparte
Adams travel 1767, 7
blockade of Baltic, 322
JQA on conduct toward US, 183
licenses for outbound US ships, 223
refusal to acknowledge, 263–266
relations with Russia, 176–177
impact of war threat, 271
reports of Adams appointment (1811), 267
Franklin, Benjamin, x, 7, 202
French language, Louisa’s knowledge of, 15
French Revolution, Washington administration
disagreements over, 35
Frenchtown, Battle of (Canada), 374
Friederich Wilhelm III, 403
Fulling, Englebert, 11
Fulling, John, 11
Gallatin, Albert, 342, 377, 412
arrival in St. Petersburg, 383
private residence destroyed by British, 396
George III (king of England), 326, 344
Ghent negotiations, 401
boundary line for Canada, 402, 424, 429–430
British commissioners
demands, 388
pace increase, 421
stall by, 392, 412, 426
commissioners, 412
JQA in, 384, 388
treaty ratification, 437
treaty signed, 429
US commissioners government correspondence, 425
treaty proposal, 424
gifts at Easter, 170–171
JQA and, 126
Godfrey, Martha, 44, 162, 242–243, 389
godparents, of Adams’ daughter, 312
gossip, 142
Göteborg, Sweden, Adams’ travel to, 382
Gourieff, Miss, 304
Gray, William, 41, 44, 53, 141, 231, 295, 317
Great Comet, 315, 349
guardian angels, 70
Guerriere (HMS), 305
Gulf of Finland, 51–52, 79, 83
Hamburg, 376
Hamilton, Alexander, 35
Hanau, Battle of, 419
hand washing, 279
Hanseatic territories, 251, 253, 274
Harris, Levett, 89, 91, 92, 116, 198, 283, 356
escort for Louisa, 164–165
Harvard, JQA as professor, 199
hats, 75
Heinche, Mrs. (midwife), 310–311
Hellen, Mary Catherine, 449
Hellen, Nancy (Louisa’s sister), death in
childbirth, 277, 280
Helsingør (Elsinore), 75
Hermitage (palace museum), 147, 227–228
Hitroff, General (Alexander’s aide-de-camp), treason, 260
Holland, 197
Holy Roman Empire, fall of, 153
honesty, of John Quincy Adams, 289–290
honor, importance to Caulaincourt, 264–265
Horace, 41–42, 46–48, 51, 77–86
disappearance, 85
man-of-war and, 61–62
risk of British impoundment, 80
Hornet (US sloop of war), 376
Hôtel de la Ville de Bordeaux, 106
Hôtel de Londres, 88
conditions, 93
Hôtel de Valois, 8
Hotel du Nord Rue de Richelieu, 442
Hull, Isaac, 356
impressment, 49, 62, 305, 358–361, 372
Independence celebration (1809), 27
industrialization, US views, 166–167
infant mortality rate, 167, 279, 280
influenza, death of US family members from, 323
Isaacson, 57–59
Isaiah, on rebirth, 391
Ivernois, Francis d’, 372–373
Jackson, Andrew, 437
Jefferson, Thomas, 35, 120
embargo, 49
Jeffersonian Republicans, 35
Jelgava (Mitau), 3
Jerome (King of Westphalia), 124
&nb
sp; Johnson, Catherine (Kitty), 43, 347
Alexander and, 180, 245–246
attention of young men, 173
illness, 367
imperial family acceptance of, 262
invitation to theatre, 227
JQA concern for, 128
and JQA reputation, 193
Louisa’s fear for reputation, 238–239
marriage to William, 389
relationship with William Smith, 324
status with imperial family, 249
Johnson, Catherine Nuth (Louisa’s mother), 15
death of, 323
Johnson, Joshua (Louisa’s father), 15
Josephine (empress), divorce of, 145
Kamenny Ostrov Palace, 218, 299
Adams’ house near, 295
KamennyOstrov, ice hills party, 138
Kattegat Sea, 62
Key, Francis Scott, 422
kibitka (wagon on skis), 12
Kiel, 79, 81, 82, 432
Kimball, Daniel, 324
King, Rufus, 412
knocked up (19 c. meaning), 128–129
Krasnoi, Battle of, 362
Krehmer, Annette, 92, 104, 156, 162, 242
Krehmer, Mr., 280
Kristiansand, Norway, 54–56, 57
Kronstadt, 79, 84
Kurakin, Prince, 335, 337
Kürstrin, 399
Kutuzov (Russian commander in chief), 363
La Harpe, 229
Lafayette, General, 409
Lake Champlain, 423
laudanum, 118–119, 282
Lauriston, Jacques Alexandre Bernard Law, marquis de, 297, 298–299, 303
JQA visit, 335–336, 340
Louisa’s observation about, 319
passport, 337, 341
planetary predictions, 315
Russian denial of request to leave, 335
Laval, Monsieur de, 184–185, 353
Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory (JQ Adams), 199
critique, 232
Leipzig, 418–419
Leopard-Chesapeake incident, 48–49, 280, 325
Lesseps, Madame, 262–263
Lesseps, Mr., 214
Lewis and Clark, 205
Lincoln, Abraham, 35
Lincoln, Levi, 277
Listerine, Joseph, 279
literary collection of JQA, 294–295
Litta, Countess, 106–107, 111, 249, 296, 299
Little Belt (British sloop of war), 305, 325
Liverpool, Lord (prime minister), 401–402, 413, 429–430
local militias, 394
lodging in St. Petersburg, 99
hotel conditions, 188
Hôtel de la Ville de Bordeaux, 106
Hôtel de Londres, 88, 93
house for 1811/12 winter, 317–318
house for Adams family, 188
house hunting in July 1811, 293–295
packing to move, 294
London Courier, 280, 285
Louis Philippe (Duke of Orleans), JQA presented
to, 20
Louis XVIII of France, 10
flight from Napoleon, 437
JQA introduction to, 408–409
proclamation, 374–375, 437
Louisa, princess of Prussia, 413
Louisa, Queen of Prussia, 403
Louise, princess of Baden (Elizabeth Alexeyevna), 174
Macon’s Bill No. 2, 241
Madison, Dolley, 4, 119, 186, 401
actions in War of 1812, 396
Madison, James, 29, 34–35, 316, 394, 395
Adams’ instructions from, 325
Adams letter on declining Supreme Court appointment, 287–288
Adams wait for letter from, 409
blamed for Washington destruction, 401
and census information, 166
Dolley’s protection of papers, 401
exit strategy for JQA, 252
and Macon Bill No. 2, 241
war proclamation, 344
Maisonneuve, Monsieur de, 104
manufacturing, US views, 166–167
Maria Louisa (archduchess), Napoleon marriage
to, 176–177
Markoff, Count, 268–269
marriage, impact of Louisa’s depression on, 354
masquerade ball (1810), 146–149
maternal mortality rates, 279, 280
McHenry, fort, 421
mediation offer by Alexander, 350–351
Memel River, 337
Mengs, Countess, 5, 9, 14
Michaal (Grand Duke), 148
Michell, General, 439–440
midwives, 310–311
Milan Decree (1807), 100, 140
Napoleon’s offer to repeal, 240
minister plenipotentiary, 29
miscarriage, 72
Mitau (Jelgava), 3, 5
Monroe, James, 288, 306, 370, 446
acceptance of Alexander’s mediation, 377
appointment as secretary of war, 400
Montréal, Mr., 189, 210
Morris, Gouverneur, 412
Moscow, Napoleon and, 349, 351–352, 358
mujiks, 169, 171
murder, 9, 16–17
Nancy, France, 436
Napoleon Bonaparte, 14, 97–98
Adams’ opinion of, 240
army’s escape from Russia, 366
Battle of Waterloo, 445
Caulaincourt on, 297
conscription order, 322
Continental System, 98
Czernicheff and, 145
escape in vessel painted as British warship, 433
European view of, 183–184
exile, 381
and French privateers, 326–327
invasion of Russia, 337–338
JQA concern over, 234
letter to Alexander, 271
Louisa’s analysis of, 364
Milan Decree (1807), 100, 140
in Moscow, 351–352
rumors, 349
orders for Caulaincourt, 210
pressure on Denmark, 135
proclamation to French people, 441
proximity to Louisa, 436, 438
retaliation for US Non-Intercourse Act of 1809, 191
retreat, 362–364
return to Paris, 441–442
rumor of capture and execution, 432
rumor of return, 417, 418, 420
Russian diplomats’ view of, 131
Russian relations, 303
support for rumored return, 427
and trade, 327
trade policies, 123
view of US government, 241–242
views on convoy ships, 247
war effects in Prussia, 390
Napoleon’s comet, 316
national anthem, 422
National Intelligencer, 29
National Museum (Paris), JQA interest in, 10
Nations, Battle of (Leipzig), 381
Navarro, Mr., 291
Nelson (servant), 44, 189
Netherlands, JQA appointment to, 37
Neva River, 120, 332
freeze in 1810, 234
freeze in 1811, 316
river ice break, 171–172, 272
Nevsky Perspective, 90
Nevsky, St. Alexander, anniversary festival, 211–214
New England Palladium, 29
New Orleans, 421, 423, 437
Nicholas (Grand Duke), 148
nightmares, 360–361
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 (US), 51, 191
revocation by Congress, 241
North American Review, 449
Noyer, Anne Marguerite Petit du, 370
ocean travel, 44–47
Oldenberg, Duke of, 251
Orders in Council, 333, 339
revocation, 342
Orthodox church, 169
christening, 257
mass, 109
Paine, Robert Treat Jr., 33
parade, of Russian troops, 132
Pardo, Mr. (Spanish minist
er), 159
Paris
John’s interest in, 404–405
JQA in, 408
JQA travel to, 430
Six encouragement of JQA appointment, 200
party politics, and Russian appointment, 35
patronage, 167
Paul (emperor), murder, 175–176
Pavlovna, Elena (Grand Duchess), 235
Peabody, Elizabeth, 324
Peabody, Stephen, 324
peace process, and John and Louisa separation, 387–388
Peacefield, 39, 245
Peacock (Royal Navy brig), 376
Peale, Charles Willson, 147
Perceval, Spencer, assassination, 339
Peter the Great, 212, 349
Peterhof Palace, 218–220, 302–305
Philadelphia, Peale museum of art, 147
phoenix, 391
Pickering, Timothy, 63–65
pilot, 54
Pinkney, William, 325
Pitt, Loudon King, 312
Plato’s beard, 185–186
Plattsburgh, New York, 423
Plumer, William, 229, 231, 323
political parties in US, 35, 393
polonaise, 116
Portugal, Russian trade restrictions, 195–196
postal systems in Europe, 4
postilions (hired drivers), 4
Potyomkin, Prince, 106
pregnancy, 299
President (USS), 305
Prussia, 196–197
alliance between Russia and, 371
JQA appointment to, 37
monarchy notice of George’s birth, 318
passports for diplomats, 341
Prussian war, 352
Queenston Heights, Battle of, 367
Rambouillet Decree, 191
rank, Jefferson’s views of, 120
Rastrelli, Bartolomeo, 111
rebirth, Isaiah on, 391
recognition of US, 447
relationships, diplomacy and, 298
Republican Party, 35, 393
republicanism, 168, 184
respect for US, 447
river ice break, 171–172
River Raisin Massacre, 374
Romanzoff, Count Nicholas, 89, 212–213, 290, 358–359
Adams’ meeting on trade, 122–123
and Alaskan territory, 205
ball hosted by, 268–269
and Caulaincourt, 198
diplomatic dinner, 297
imperial message for JQA, 350–351
interest in JQA, 96
invitation to JQA, 91
JQA appointment to see, 134
JQA meeting in Feb. 1812, 324–328
JQA visit, 138–139, 164, 239–241, 258
on Napoleon, 327–328
response to US view on Alaska, 225–226
and trade restrictions, 195–196
views on Napoleon, 375
visit to Adams, 159, 161
on War of 1812, 374
Ross, Robert, 394, 395, 422–423
rumors, 349
Rush, Benjamin, Medical Inquiries and
Observations upon Diseases of the Mind, 415
Russell, Jonathan, 412
Russia
alliance between Prussia and, 371
extravagance, 105
factories, 167–168
financial issues, 220
inaction on US confiscated ships, 246