by Jung Chang
12 –20 Bookshop: Mao, “The Founding of the Cultural Book Society,” 31 July 1920, Mao 1990, pp. 498–500 (E: MRTP vol. 1, pp. 534–5); bookshop business report, Nov. 1920, in XXZ, pp. 255–9 (E: MRTP vol. 1, pp. 584–5); Mao 1993b, vol. 1, p. 61. “special liaison man”: XXZ, pp. 530–1. Counted as “one of us”: Zhang Wenliang diary, 17 Nov. 1920, Mao 1990, pp. 703–4 (E: Li Rui 1977, p. 164).
13 First expression of Communist belief: Letter to Xiao Xudong, Cai Linbin et al., 1 Dec. 1920, Mao 1920–27, pp. 4–7 (E: MRTP vol. 2, pp. 7–8). “Russian-style wrong”: ibid., p. 4 (E: MRTP vol. 2, p. 7). Mao argument against: ibid., pp. 4–6 (E: MRTP vol. 2, pp. 8–10).
CHAPTER 3 Lukewarm Believer
1 All quotes from Kai-hui: Yang Kai-hui, no. 7 (unless otherwise stated).
2 Kai-hui home: visit to Bancang; interview with one of Mao’s group, Luo Zhanglong, 6 Oct. 1993; Snow 1973, pp. 91, 152, 153. Recommendation for Mao: Zhang Suhua et al., p. 290.
3 Mao “Resisting Marriage”: Letter to Luo Xuezan, 26 Nov. 1920, Mao 1990, p. 567 (E: MRTP vol. 1, p. 609).
4 Relationship with Kai-hui: interviews with their old friends, Yi Li-rong, 20 Sept. 1993, 1 & 8 Oct. 1995, and Luo Zhanglong, 6 Oct. 1993.
5 Mao poem: interviews with Yi, 20 Sept. 1993, 1 & 8 Oct. 1995; Bai Yang, p. 60. Mao changes rule: INT; visit to site, Changsha. Girlfriend Si-yung: INT;*Mao 1990, p. 566; XXZ, pp. 26, 28, 35, 40.
6 Kai-hui feminist writing: Yang Kai-hui, no. 4. Russian subversion operations: documents in VKP vol. 1, and Malyisheva & Poznansky; cf. Usov 2002; Persits 1996, pp. 122ff; Persits 1997, pp. 79ff; Isaacs, p. 102; biographies in Kolpakidi & Prokhorov 2000b, pp. 278–440 (cf. ids., 2000a, pp. 178–83); ids., 2001, pp. 94ff; Lurye & Kochik, pp. 98–534. Nikolsky and Maring: Maring, 11 July 1922 in Saich 1991, pp. 307, 310. Biographical data on Nikolsky: Piatnitsky, p. 457; Usov 2002, pp. 172–3, 348–9n; Kolpakidi & Prokhorov 2001, pp. 305–6; ids., 2000b, p. 385.
7 –26 Mao to 1st Congress: YD, pp. 25, 67, 247; Xie Juezai, p. 49; visit to site, Shanghai. Length of speeches: YD, pp. 149, 166, 175, 191, etc. “I confronted him”: YD, p. 351. Check out Bolshevism: Chang Kuo-tao, vol. 1, pp. 137–8. Mao little impact: YD, pp. 26, 173, 227.
8 –27 Meeting on the lake: interview with the woman who rented the boat and kept watch on it, Wang Hui-wu, 29 Mar. 1993; visit to Jiaxing; Chou Fo-hai (participant), in Hsüeh, pp. 428–31. Mao sightseeing: YD, p. 242; Mao 1993b, vol. 1, p. 85. Chen against taking Moscow money: YD, pp. 28, 61, 150, 178, 229, 245–6, 250–1, 321; Luo Zhanglong, p. 291.
9 –28 Moscow funding essential: Chen report to the 3rd Congress, June 1923, Saich 1991, p. 573; Maring to Moscow, 11 July 1922, Saich 1991, p. 310; cf. Yang Kuisong 1992, pp. 24–5. Russian funds to Mao: Yi Li-rong, in YD, p. 112; interview with Yi, 17 Mar. 1996. “My life is really too hard”: to Luo Xuezan, 26 Nov. 1920, Mao 1990, pp. 562, 565 (E: MRTP vol. 1, pp. 605, 607). “baking bread”: in “Report on the Affairs of the New People’s Study Society,” no. 2, summer 1921, XXZ, p. 39 (E: MRTP vol. 2, pp. 84–5). “Wow, what fun”: 28 Sept. 1921, in Mao 1993b, vol. 1,p. 87.
10 Set up house with Kai-hui: visit to Clear Water Pond, Changsha; interviews with Yi Li-rong, 30 Sept. 1993, 1 & 8 Oct. 1995; INT.
11 Off on holiday: Mao to Ouyang Ze, 25 Nov. 1920, Mao 1990, p. 551; Mao 1993b, vol. 1, pp. 70–1; interview with Yi, 5 Nov. 1995. “research education”: Mao 1990, p. 703. Recruiting friends and family: Yi Li-rong in YD, pp. 111–12; interview with Yi, 8 Oct. 1995; ZR vol. 14, p. 250; Shu Long, pp. 284–5; INT.
12 –30 Ho Min-fan: Cadart & Sheng, pp. 151–62; Jin & Huang, pp. 24–5; Liu letter, 11 Feb. 1968, in ibid., p. 41. Had been courteous: Siao-yu, pp. 38–9. Just Mao giving orders: interview with Yi Li-rong, 1 & 8 Oct. 1995; Yi in YD, p. 112. “Only scholars suffer”: Letter to Luo Xuezan, 26 Nov. 1920, Mao 1990, p. 565 (E: MRTP vol. 1, p. 607).
13 Mao first trip to Anyuan: Liu Shaoqi & Zhu Shaolian article about the history of labor movement in Anyuan, 10 Aug. 1923, in CCP Pingxiang Committee, p. 117. Mao at “his wits’ end”: Maring letter, 20 June 1923 to Zinoviev et al., in Saich 1991, pp. 608–9, 617; van de Ven 1991, p. 123 for explanation of original. Mao no threat: Schram interview with Governor Chao (Schram note to Li Rui 1977, p. 266); Schram e-mail to authors, 21 Dec. 2000. Mao not at 2nd Congress: Snow 1973, p. 158; Titov, vol. 1, p. 82; Nikiforov, p. 123. Spurred to act: Mao 1993b, vol. 1, pp. 93–107.
14 Hunan Committee set up: ibid., p. 95. How Committee worked: Liu letter, 11 Feb. 1968, in Huang Zheng, p. 86. Sun and Outer Mongolia: Elleman, pp. 58ff, 63–4; Roshchin, pp. 102–7.
15 –32 “an army with arms”: VKP vol. 1, pp. 126–9 (Sun to Gekker, 26 Sept. 1922). Xinjiang: Joffe cable to Chicherin, 7–8 Nov. 1922, in VKP vol. 1, p. 139. Suggests invasion of Sichuan: Report by Sokolov-Strakhov, 21 Apr. 1921, in VKP vol. 1, p. 60; Kriukov, p. 57. “Give full backing”: 4 Jan. 1923, in VKP vol. 1, p. 170. Joffe told Lenin: 26 Jan. 1923, in VKP vol. 1, pp. 194, 198. Stalin spelled out: Stalin 2001a, p. 157; the authentic text of this speech was suppressed until 2001 (Stalin 2001b, p. 79, n. 23 re Stalin editing). CCP views on Sun: Chen Report to 3rd Congress in Saich 1991, p. 574; minutes of ECCI meeting, 6 Jan. 1923, in VKP vol. 1, pp. 172–5; Chen letter to Voitinsky in Saich 1991, p. 257; CCP CC letter to Borodin (not later than 10 Oct. 1924), VKP vol. 1, pp. 483–5.
16 –33 Mao “[only] supporter”: Titov, vol. 1, p. 93 (Cai to ECCI, 10 Feb. 1926). Mao relying on Russian invasion: Maring report June 1923, Saich 1991, p. 590; Maring letter to Zinoviev et al., 20 June 1923 in Saich 1991, p. 616; Titov, vol. 1, pp. 90, 92, 93. Vilde as bagman: Usov 2002, p. 176. Vilde singles out Mao: Vilde to Voitinsky, 26 July 1923 in VKP vol. 1, p. 238; Mao wrote to Moscow: 2 July 1923, Mao 1993c, p. 27; signature in ZZWX vol. 1, p. 284.
17 –34 Mao seldom attending CCP meetings: Mao 1993b, vol. 1, pp. 118, 121–6; interview with Zheng Chao-lin, a Communist in whose house most meetings took place, 16 Apr. 1996. “our organisation lost”: Titov, vol. 1, p. 93 (Cai He-sen to ECCI, 10 Feb. 1926). “Mao at that time”: Deng Zhongxia, cited in Titov, vol. 1, p. 92.
18 Dalin to Voitinsky: Dalin 1975, p. 149; cf. Dalin 1982, p. 182. Mao criticized, off Central Committee: cf. 4th Congress documents, ZZWX vol. 1, pp. 328, 335–6; cf. Sladkovsky, p. 459. Health downturn: interview with Luo Zhanglong, 6 Oct. 1993; YD, p. 173. “convalescing”: Li Weihan, p. 62.
CHAPTER 4 Rise and Demise in the Nationalist Party
1 Mao in Shaoshan: INT. Wang Ching-wei got on well with Mao: records of meetings of the Nationalist Shanghai Executive Committee, 25 Feb. 1925ff. (at which Mao often served as note-taker), Nationalist Party History Archive, Taipei; interview with Zheng Chao-lin, 16 Apr. 1996.
2 –36 Brothers to Canton: Li Xiangwen, pp. 162, 201. Active from June: HNYZ, p. 388; Shaoshan Chronicle Committee, p. 409; INT; Mao 1993b, vol. 1, pp. 133–5. Co-worker recorded in diary: He Erkang, in HNYZ, pp. 389–94. To Borodin, 18 Jan. 1924: VKP vol. 1, pp. 425–6.
3 –37 Wang Hsien-tsung: HNYZ, pp. 388, 395–8. Mao suspected of stirring things up: ibid., p. 388. President of Yale-in-China: NARA, RG 84.800. Changsha, 1925, vol. 26, no. 1240. Mao decamp: HNYZ, p. 388; Mao 1993b, vol. 1, pp. 135–6.
4 –38 Poem by Xiang River: MRTP vol. 2, pp. 225–6. Clutch of key jobs: Mao 1993b, vol. 1, pp. 137–40; Mao 1920–27, pp. 249–50; cf. Mao writings between 20 Oct. 1925 and 19 May 1926, in Mao 1920–27 (E: MRTP vol. 2, pp. 227–385). Discovery of sleeping pills: MacFarquhar et al., 1989, p. 167 (27 Feb. 1957); cf. Mao, 22 Mar. 1958 in Schram 1974, pp. 118, 119 (compared to Marx). Nov. 1925 form: 21 Nov. 1925, Mao 1993b, vol. 1, p. 141 (E: MRTP vol. 2, p. 238). Articles about peasantry: “Analysis of All the Classes in Chinese Society,” MRTP vol. 2, pp. 249ff., in journal Revolution, 1 Dec. 1925, Mao 1920–27, pp. 219–31; “An Analysis of Classes in Chinese Peasants and Their Attitudes towards the Revolution,” Chinese Peasants, 1 Jan. 1926, in Mao 1993b, vol. 1, pp. 149–50 (E: MRTP vol. 2, pp. 303–9).
5 Moscow order on peasantry, Oct. 1925: VKP vol. 1, pp. 633–6 (Vasiliev to Voit
insky, 2 Oct. 1925). CCP first issued “Letter to Peasants,” 10 Oct. 1925, in ZZWX vol. 1, pp. 509–17; CCP told Hunan to start peasant movement also in that October, ibid., p. 500; Nationalist Hunan Committee report of Aug. 1926 (delivered by Yi Li-rong) says Hunan peasant movement started in Nov. 1925, HNYZ, p. 201, Nationalist Party Central Committee report of 1926 says the same, ibid., p. 28. Back in May 1923: Comintern instruction to CCP 3rd Congress, May 1923, in ZZWX vol. 1, p. 586; Eudin & North, p. 344. Mao’s view in 1924: Dalin 1985, p. 182; id., 1975, p. 149 (letter to Voitinsky, 30 Mar. 1924). Russian criticizes Mao: “V-n” (S. N. Belenkii), Kanton, nos. 8–9 (1926), pp. 149–61; reprinted, with introduction by L. P. Delyusin, pp. 128–9, in Voprosi Filosofii, no. 6, 1969, pp. 130–6; AVPRF, 0100/11/141/81, p. 146. Wang Ching-wei appointed Mao: GNYJ, p. 25; Mao 1993b, vol. 1, pp. 133–6.
6 Russians in Changsha: Mitarevsky, p. 79 (figure corrected); cf. Leonard 1999, pp. 63, 67, 81, n. 53; NA, FO 405/256, pp. 271ff. W(alsworth) Tyng to his mother, Dec. 1926 (Mary Tyng Higgins Papers, Carton 1, Folder 6, Schlesinger Library). Peasant movement develops under Nationalists: Mao, “Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan,” Mar. 1927, Mao 1920–27, p. 419 (E: MRTP vol. 2, pp. 429–64); HNYZ, pp. 793ff.
7 –40 Mao speech 20 Dec. 1926: HNYZ, pp. 445–7 (E: MRTP vol. 2, p. 422). Freyer says Mao moderate: RGASPI, 495/154/294, p. 3 (Freyer, report to Far Eastern Bureau, 18 Jan. 1927). “completely change my attitude”: 7 Aug. 1927, ZDJC vol. 14, p. 5 (E: MRTP vol. 3, p. 30).
8 –41 Quotes from Mao’s Hunan Report: “Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan,” Mao 1920–27, pp. 418–55: “terrifying in their hands”: ibid., pp. 424–5 (E: MRTP vol. 2, p. 44). “terror in the countryside”: ibid., pp. 422–3 (E: pp. 433–5). “forever broken” and not “a moment’s peace”: ibid., pp. 436–7 (E: p. 446). sharp, twin-edged knife: ibid., p. 441 (E: p. 450). “kind of ecstasy,” “wonderful”: ibid., p. 422 (E: p. 432).
9 “one or two beaten to death”: INT. Admonishes attempts to lower violence: CCP Hunan Committee report, Jan. 1927, in HNYZ, p. 456; Mao 1920–27, p. 424 (E: MRTP vol. 2, pp. 434–5). Proposals about land redistribution: e.g. Chen Tu-hsiu’s, in HNYZ, pp. 710–11. Mao’s view: Mao 1993b, vol. 1, p. 193; cf. Schram 1966, p. 99. Published in Comintern journal: 15 June 1927; cf. Glunin 1975, p. 301, n. 2; Mao 1993b, vol. 1, p. 185.
10 One text Mao selected: HNYZ, pp. 333–5. Chen report: 15 June 1927, ZDJC vol. 13, p. 583.
11 Peking raid documents: NA, FO 405/256, FO 371/12500; Mitarevsky; Wilbur & How, pp. 442–835; Oudendyk, pp. 348ff. Mao on wanted list: Chang Yu-fa, p. 351; Chiang, p. 167. Chiang regarded as left-wing: VKP vol. 1, p. 261 (memo re Nationalist delegation, not later than 10 Sept. 1923); on 13 Dec. 1925 Mao placed Chiang alongside Wang Ching-wei (MRTP vol. 2, p. 291). Borodin impression: VKP vol. 1, p. 347 (talk with Chu Chiu-pai, 16 Dec. 1923).
12 “liquidation of Chiang”: VKP vol. 2, p. 153 (Solovyov to Karakhan, 24 Mar. 1926); cf. Glunin 1975, pp. 61–3; Trampedach, pp. 128ff. Secret order to arrest Chiang: Smith, p. 156; Zhang Guotao, vol. 2, pp. 192–5 (E: id., vol.1, p. 582). Chiang notice: Chiang, p. 153. Chiang broke Communists in Shanghai: description based on documents in ZDJC vol. 13, pp. 463–522; Shanghai Archive. More than 300 deaths: various contemporary figures, in CCP Shanghai Committee, pp. 358–9; Smith, p. 204.
13 –45 “I felt desolate”: Mao 1993b, vol. 1, p. 198. “with the mighty waves”: ibid., p. 198 (E: MRTP vol. 2, p. 484). “Only after Comrade Mao”: Appendix 10, in a written testimony by Li Weihan, in DYZ, 1982, no.4, pp. 377–8.
CHAPTER 5 Hijacking a Red Force and Taking Over Bandit Land
1 Stalin: military option for CCP: cable to Borodin, 30 May 1927 (signed “Instantsiya” (Stalin), VKP vol. 2, p. 764; this option envisaged since 1919–20: Vilensky report, 1 Sept. 1920, VKP vol. 1, p. 37; cf. Malyisheva & Poznansky. Records of the Soviet Consulate in Changsha show it checking separate Red military units in 1926, AVPRF, 0100/10/129/78, pp. 5–6, 28–30, 43, 47 (report covering period 13 Mar. to 28 Dec. 1926). Khmelyev (“Appen”) report, 6 May 1927, VKP vol. 2, pp. 715–17; Piatnitsky, p. 219 (Berzin plan). Lominadze, Berzin: Grigoriev 1976, p. 15; Leonard 1999, pp. 170–1; Mirovitskaya 1993, p. 308. GRU operations: Vinarov (deputy GRU head, China, 1926–29), pp. 294, 323–9, 342–3, 369, 373–7; Mirovitskaya 1975, pp. 61–2.
2 –50 Peasant uprisings ordered: minutes of 7 Aug. 1927 emergency meeting under Lominadze, ZDJC vol. 14, p. 10; cf. Saich 1996, pp. 296ff; Mao, 20 Aug. 1927, in Central Archive 1982a, p. 16; Mao 1993b, vol. 1, pp. 211–12. “barrel of the gun”: ZDJC vol. 14, p. 5 (E: MRTP vol. 3, p. 31).
3 –51 Kumanin (“Zigon”): his report in RGASPI, 514/1/254, pp. 70–100; GRU post mortem, 14 Sept. 1927, VKP vol. 3, pp. 84–110; Freyer report on Nanchang, 25 Aug. 1927, RGASPI, 495/154/247; Mirovitskaya 1975, pp. 37–41. Mao proposes uprising in S. Hunan: Mao 1993b, vol. 1, p. 207. Shanghai approves: 8 Aug. 1927, Central Archive 1982a, p. 10. Meetings at Russian consulate: location, INT, and Luo Zhanglong’s unpublished memoirs on the “Autumn Harvest Uprising”; meetings described in Hunan Party secretary Peng Gongda’s report, 8 Oct. 1927, Central Archive 1982a, p. 111 (E: Saich 1996, pp. 322–31). Mao on outskirts: Mao 1993b, vol. 1, pp. 209–10. Moved into consulate: INT. Excuse: Mao report, 20 Aug. 1927, Central Archive 1982a, p. 17; Mao 1993b, vol. 1, pp. 209–10.
4 Stalin to Comintern, 27 Sept. 1927, VKP vol. 3, p. 129 (falsified published text: ibid., p. 130); cf. ibid., p. 61. Mikoyan: VKP vol. 3, pp. 72, 74, 76–7 (Soviet Politburo minutes).
5 –52 Mao demanded uprising in S. Hunan be canceled: Peng Gongda report, 8 Oct. 1927, Central Archive 1982a, p. 117 (E: Saich 1996, pp. 90n, 327, 504). “three hundred times”: Central Archive 1982a, p. 16.
6 Mao not with troops, but stayed in Wenjiashi: He Changgong, who was very close to Mao at this time, was categorical about this point in an interview on 22 Mar. 1977 with Party historians for the record, in CCP Ninggang Committee, pp. 26–7; cf. other memoirs, JGG vol. 2, pp. 129, 140, 153, 171; Chen Shiju, pp. 10–11; cf. Lo Jung-huan, p. 10.
7 –53 Action aborted: Central Archive 1982a, pp. 43–4, 53, 133. “most despicable”: Maier report, 16 Sept. 1927 in Pak, p. 173. “joke of an uprising”: resolution of emergency meeting on Hunan, late Oct. 1927 in Central Archive 1982a, p. 139. Link with outlaw: CCP Ninggang Committee, p. 81; interview with a local Party historian, 4 Apr. 1996. Wenjiashi meeting: He Changgong, one of the men Mao sought out, CCP Ninggang Committee, pp. 20–2.
8 Lo Jung-huan, p. 10.
9 Mao and troops: JGG vol. 2, pp. 176–7; Chen Shiju, pp.13–23; CCP Ninggang Committee, pp. 28–31; Central Archive 1982a, pp. 133, 161. “single spark”: Mao letter to Lin Biao, 5 Jan. 1930, MRTP vol. 3, p. 237.
10 –54 Deal with outlaws: JGG vol. 2, pp. 90–1. Finale of takeover, eyewitness description: ibid., pp. 93–4. Rally Chinese New Year 1928: JGG vol. 2, pp. 278–9.
11 –55 Contact with Party HQ established: He Changgong, pp. 109–14. Mao expelled from posts: “Political and Disciplinary Resolution,” 14 Nov. 1927, ZZWX vol. 3, pp. 483–4; Li Weihan, pp. 182, 196–9. Shanghai order, 31 Dec. 1927: JGG vol. 1, pp. 64–5. Hunan committee arrested: CCP Hunan Committee, pp. 375–6.
12 –56 Bandit country: visit to Jinggang Mountains, and conversations with locals. Mao told troops: JGG vol. 2, p. 458. One Red soldier recalled: ibid., p. 156.
13 Another described: ibid., p. 489.
14 Mao almost lost army: ibid., pp. 56–8, 168–9, 293. Security measures: ibid., p. 462; interview with a local Party historian, 4 Apr. 1996, and visits to Mao’s houses. Long March houses: interview with a Party historian who had visited all the dwellings, 31 Aug. 1997.
15 Mao houses: visits and interviews with local historians.
16 Sizeable staff: JGG vol. 2, pp. 461–2, 550.
17 –59 Gui-yuan: Wang Xingjuan 1987, pp. 1–47; interviews with a local Party historian, and with Yuan’s relatives, Apr. 1996.
18 –59 Marriage to Mao: ibid. interviews; visit to the site of the wedding banquet. Mao
“too old”: interview with close friend Zeng Zhi, 24 Sept. 1994. Gui-yuan chose Mao because: interview with her confidante, 14 Sept. 1997. Avoided appearing together: interview with veteran Xiao Ke, 30 Sept. 1993; Wang Xingjuan 1987, p. 104. Tried to leave Mao: interview with Zeng Zhi; cf. Wang Xingjuan 1987, pp. 105–6.
19 –60 Policy: “kill every single”: “Report about the South Hunan Uprising,” June 1928, ZDJC vol. 14, p. 206; interview with Zeng Zhi; Kuo Hua-lun, vol. 1, p. 290 (E: Kuo, W., vol. 1, p. 383). Razing towns to ground, rebellions against Reds: ZDJC vol. 14, p. 206; Huang Kecheng, pp. 36–7; Zeng Zhi, pp. 52–8; Le Missioni Francescane vol. 6 (1928), p. 150 (letter of Fr. Prandi, eyewitness at Leiyang). “use Red terror”: ZDJC vol. 14, p. 206. “I had suppressed”: JGG vol. 2, p. 454.
20 Mamaev report, 15 Apr. 1930, VKP vol. 3, p. 846.
21 Chrysanthemum Sister: Li Xiangwen, pp. 239–40; photograph of two pages of her will, in Yang Liuqing. 10,60–61 butchered: Kuo, W., vol. 1, p. 384; Kuo Hua-lun, vol. 1, p. 290.
22 –61 GS vol. 4, pp. 793, 772, 761 (in order of quotes); Zhong Yimou, p. 92; Maestrini, p. 146.
23 Moscow stops “aimless and disorderly pogrom”: Titov, vol. 1, p. 198; ZZWX vol. 4, p. 174; JGG vol. 1, p. 105. Mao letter, 2 May 1928: in Jiangxi Archive, pp. 29–30.
24 –62 “over 1,000”: Shanghai inspector, 15 June 1928, in JGG vol. 1, p. 130. Began land redistribution: ibid., pp. 130–1. Mao letter reaches Stalin: VKP vol. 3, n. 1, p. 413. “bandit character”: 6th Congress, Stenograficheskii otchet, Book 5, pp. 12–13. Mao as key leader: ibid. (Chou’s Military Report) and Book 3, p. 70 (Chu Chiu-pai); Titov, vol. 1, pp. 153, 145. Establish Red Army: Chou notes of meeting with Stalin, VKP vol. 3, pp. 426–31. Military training, plans: Mirovitskaya 1975, pp. 57ff; ibid. 1993, pp. 313–15; Krivitsky, pp. 127–36 (counterfeiting).
25 Stalin to Yugoslavs: Dimitrov, 10 Feb. 1948. Demands met in full: Shanghai letter to Mao and Zhu, ZZWX vol. 4, pp. 256–7; Mao 1993b, vol. 1, pp. 256–7.