in Bolshevik regime, 340–41
Trotsky as, 340–41, 523
Jibladze, Silibistro “Silva,” 33, 43, 44, 48, 114, 267
Joffe, Adolf, 249, 322, 407, 640
suicide of, 651–52
Joffe, Maria, 651
Jordania, Noe, 43, 44, 48, 50, 51, 54, 74, 80, 108, 113, 395
Jughashvili, Besarion “Beso,” 107
alcoholism of, 20, 24
appearance of, 19–20
back taxes owed by, 48–49
death of, 116, 117
fall of, 25, 28
Keke’s marriage to, 16–17, 20
as shoemaker, 15–16, 20
Stalin’s relationship with, 22, 24
Jughashvili, Giorgy, 738
Jughashvili, Ioseb, see Stalin, Iosif
Jughashvili, Ketevan “Keke,” 16, 19, 25, 48–49, 105, 594
Beso’s marriage to, 16–17, 20
menial jobs of, 21, 26
rumored promiscuity of, 20
Stalin’s devotion to, 23
Stalin’s education pushed by, 21
Stalin’s return to Gori demanded by, 22–23
Jughashvili, Vano, 15
Jughashvili, Yakov, 106, 114, 116, 466, 593, 595
Jughashvili, Zaza, 15
Jusis, Ivan, 602, 739
Kabakhidze, Akaki, 481, 487, 489
Kaganovich, Lazar, 321, 376, 422, 529, 613, 641, 647, 656, 661, 666, 697, 699
background of, 455, 457
as Central Committee secretary, 455
as head of Organization and Instruction Department, 455
as Stalin loyalist, 456, 731
Trotsky and, 455, 591
Kalinin, Mikhail, 50, 214, 322, 331, 383, 423, 455, 498, 513, 585, 668, 673, 700, 712
Lenin’s death and, 535–36
and plot to oust Stalin as general secretary, 713, 714, 715
in politburo, 596
as Stalin loyalist, 731
Kalmyks, 174
Kaluga, 238
Kamenev, Lev (Rozenfeld), 53, 80, 121, 132, 133, 135, 153, 173, 190, 203, 221, 224, 226, 279, 322, 331, 341, 360, 365, 385, 416, 440, 471, 490, 491, 493, 497, 504, 531, 544, 557, 596, 599, 605, 615, 650, 712, 739
as ambassador to Italy, 609–10
in attempts to include other socialists in Bolshevik regime, 233–36
Bukharin and, 727
in Council of People’s Commissars, 416–17
as editor of Pravda, 190–91, 193
ejected from Central Committee, 651
and failure to force Stalin’s removal at 13th Party Congress, 552
and 15th Party Congress, 653–54
at 14th Party Congress, 580–81, 586
imprisonment of, 204, 212
internal exile of, 713
as intriguer, 512
Lenin and, 476–77
Lenin’s death and, 535
as Lenin’s possible successor, 492
Lenin’s Testament and, 499, 606–7, 648
October Revolution and, 214, 224, 499, 563–64, 606, 641, 648
and plot to oust Stalin as general secretary, 714–17, 720
police reform sought by, 439
in resignation from Central Committee, 235–36
in resignation from Soviet central executive committee, 236, 423
Sokolnikov and, 713–14
on Stalin, 422
Stalin and, 192, 512–14
in succession power struggle, 563, 564, 577, 578, 580–81, 582, 584, 586, 605–6, 614–15, 636, 639, 641, 653–54, 655–56, 713, 729, 736
as trade commissar, 585
in triumvirate with Stalin and Zinoviev, 517, 563
Trotsky and, 224–25, 474
Kamenev, Sergei, 328, 329–30, 356, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 365, 371, 377, 381, 384, 394, 515
Kanner, Grigory, 468
Kapanadze, Peti “Pyotr,” 35, 38, 598
Kapital, Das (Marx), 40, 88
Russian translation of, 42–43, 65–66
Kaplan, Fanya, 285–86
Karakhan, Lev (Karakhanyan), 366, 458, 623, 628, 651
Kautsky, Karl, 43, 79, 133, 151, 201, 347
Kazakhstan, 677, 700–701
Kazan, 74, 238, 282, 284, 306, 326, 331, 369, 371
Kazan Soviet, 266
Kedrov, Mikhail, 438–39
Kemal, Mustafa, 398, 503
Kennan, George, 443–44
Kerensky, Alexander, 3, 126, 178, 180, 181, 184, 202, 213, 228, 233, 259, 278, 338–39
as anathema to both left and right, 195, 211
arrests of Bolshevik leaders ordered by, 216
background of, 185–86
Bolsheviks charged with treason by, 202–3
Council of Five created by, 211–12
feared return of, 234, 235
Kornilov and, 204, 205, 208–9, 210, 212, 219
Lenin and, 195–96, 200, 205
1917 Russian offensive launched by, 196–200, 212, 219, 224, 269
in Provisional Government, 185–86
role of supreme commander assumed by, 211
Romanovs and, 280
State Conference convened by, 205–7
Ketskhoveli, Vladimir “Lado,” 33, 50
death of, 55
as Stalin’s mentor, 30–31, 38, 44, 47, 48, 50, 55, 735
Khabalov, Sergei, 167, 168, 169, 170, 203, 382
Khan, Chinggis, 346, 374, 400
Kharkov, 15, 79, 266, 326, 327, 355
Khartishvili, David “Mokheve,” 52
Khiva, 90, 342, 373
Khorezm People’s Soviet Republic, 373
Khoroshenina, Serafima, 121
Khrushchev, Nikita, 732
Khutsishvili, Vano, 19
Kiev, 15, 252, 258, 330
Polish capture of, 354, 355, 357, 377
Red Army recapture of, 357
Kireev, Alexander, 127
Kirov, Sergei, 27–28, 117–18, 304, 390, 455, 467, 585, 586, 607, 731
Kirshon, Vladimir, 699
Kirtava-Sikharulidze, Natasha, 53
Kitiashvili, Maria, 48
Klyuchevsky, Vasili, 121
Knox, Alfred, 223
Kokovtsov, Vladimir, 281
Kolchak, Alexander, 207, 210, 297, 300, 314, 328, 330, 355, 356–57, 358, 369, 559
dictatorship of, 335
execution of, 331
as leader of Siberian Cossacks, 295–96
1919 offensive of, 326, 335, 370–71
in Siberia, 372
tsarist gold seized by, 331–32
Kollontai, Alexandra, 346, 385
Koltsov, Mikhail, 566
Komarov, Nikolai, 516
Konopleva, Lidiya, 285
Korea, Koreans, 111, 364, 590, 617
Kornilov, Lavr, 174, 177, 184–86, 200, 228, 248, 320, 356
coup attempt of, 207–11, 212, 219
death of, 268, 295
Kerensky and, 204, 205, 208–9, 210, 212, 219
at Moscow State Conference, 206–7
as Petrograd military commander, 203–4, 211
as Volunteer Army commander, 268
Korotkov, Ivan, 512
Kosior, Stanisław, 457, 670, 677–78, 705, 712
Kosior, Vladimir, 500
Kosovo, Battle of (1389), 142
Kotlarevsky, S. A., 183
Koverda, Boris, 634
Kozhenikov, A. M., 414
Kozlovsky, Alexander, 346, 392–93
Krakow, 133
Kramer, V. V., 414, 489, 491, 535
Krasin, Leonid, 50, 55, 113, 413, 441, 543
Krasnov, Pyotr, 305
Krasnoyarsk, 173, 661, 684
Kremlin, 262
Lenin in October, 1923 visit to, 520–22
as new Bolshevik headquarters, 263
Stalin’s apartments in, 262, 593–94
Krestinsky, Nikolai, 322, 390, 423, 425, 428, 441, 451, 453, 596, 621, 692
Kronstadt naval base, 182, 187, 202, 218
1921 sailors’ rebellion at, 383–84, 387, 390–91, 392–93, 457, 575
Krupskaya, Nadezhda, 114, 188, 192, 228, 314, 413, 483, 489, 498, 504, 520, 534, 608, 615
anti-Dzierzynski dossier and, 490
Lenin memoir of, 544
and Lenin’s alleged dictations, 484, 490–91, 494, 501, 512, 513, 514
and Lenin’s death, 534
and Lenin’s request for cyanide, 493
Lenin’s Testament and, 473, 498, 500–501, 527, 528, 609
Since Lenin Died repudiated by, 573–74
Stalin and, 487–88, 490, 514, 527, 528, 544
Krupskaya, Nadezhda (cont.)
and succession power struggle, 564, 577, 580
Trotsky and, 501, 525, 542, 547, 572, 573–74, 632
Krushevan, Pavel (Cruseveanu, Pavalachii), 100
Krylenko, Nikolai, 248, 690, 698, 702, 709
Krylenko, Yelena, 572
Krymov, Alexander, 166, 208–9, 233
Kryukova, Sofia, 121
Kryzanowski, Gleb, 220, 485
Kryzhanovsky, Sergei, 83, 100
Krzesinska, Matylda, 127, 186
Ksenofontov, Filipp, 544–45
Ksenofontov, Ivan, 433
Kuban, 268, 270, 297
Kuchek Khan, Mirza, 346, 366
Kuhlmann, Richard, Baron von, 249
Kuibyshev, Valerian, 375, 390, 493, 502–3, 511, 516, 563, 601, 663–64, 686, 694, 698, 720, 722
as Central Control Commission head, 454
as Stalin loyalist, 454–55, 456
as Supreme Council of the Economy chairman, 607
kulaks (rich peasants), 42, 300, 567, 570, 571, 579, 582, 616, 649, 669, 670–71, 676, 680, 684, 711, 712
arrests and trials of, 669, 670, 671, 680, 681–82, 697, 705
collectivization and, 421
Communist tolerance of, 300, 389, 578, 582, 681, 683, 684–85, 689
forced exile of, 712
grain hoarding by, 568, 669, 670, 671, 680, 682, 695–96
large-scale farms of, 671, 672
NEP and, 727–28
tax-in-kind policy and, 389
Kun, Bela, 324–25, 367
Kuprin, Alexander, 220
Kureika, 154, 194
Kuusinen, Aino, 526
Kuusinen, Otto, 412, 442, 526, 609
Kuzakova, Matryona, 121
Kvali (The Furrow) (Giorgi), 34, 43, 44, 48, 50, 55
Lacis, Martinš (Sudrabs, Janis), 276, 278, 439
Lakoba, Nestor, 541, 542
Larin, Yuri (Lurye, Mikhail), 452, 615
Larina, Anna, 262
Lashevich, Mikhail, 331, 505, 506, 536, 548, 576, 603–4, 652
Latvia, 98, 249, 509, 556–57, 604
and German Communist coup attempt, 522
as independent nation, 238, 342–43
Latvian brigades, 261, 276, 281–82
in assault on Cheka, 277–78
Latvian Riflemen, 260–61
Lazard Brothers, 148
League of Nations, 315, 562, 730
Left Communists, 265, 314, 385, 578
Left opposition, 518, 519, 524, 533, 541, 544, 546, 547, 603–4, 672, 678–79, 680, 737
Left Socialist Revolutionaries, 234–35, 242, 244, 257, 265, 273, 649
in Council of People’s Commissars, 237
Dzierzynski captured by, 276
mass executions of, 278
in Mirbach assassination plot, 274–75
Third Party Congress of, 273–74
“Left-Wing” Communism: An Infantile Disorder (Lenin), 363–64
Lena goldfields massacre, 125–26, 135
Lenin, Vladimir, 9, 45, 73, 79, 81, 124, 135, 192, 226, 228, 231, 260, 266, 280, 322, 324, 334, 342, 350, 354, 365, 392, 407, 411, 424, 493, 544, 550
alleged article on nationalities by, 493–94, 501
“April Theses” of, 191
arrest warrant for, 222
assassination attempt against, 231, 285, 307, 413
autopsy of, 535
background of, 185
Bolshevik criticism of, 191–92, 385
and Bolshevik-Menshevik split, 79–80, 108, 124
and Bolshevik takeover of Georgia, 396, 397
Brest-Litovsk Treaty and, 257, 259, 265, 642
capitalism as viewed by, 151, 291, 403, 444, 446, 625
cease-fire offer of, 247–49
charisma of, 221–22
class warfare as central tenet of, 291, 443, 444, 737
and Communist International Second Congress, 363–64
convalescence of, 307
as Council of People’s Commissars chairman, 229
on counterrevolutionaries, 392, 550
and creation of Soviet Union, 475, 480
cyanide requested by, 414, 483, 493
death of, 3, 534–37
dictations by, 483, 484–85, 489–91, 501, 504, 505, 527, 528, 546–47
as dictator, 238, 245, 419
failing health of, 409, 410–18, 422, 489–94, 498, 501, 505, 535
and famine of 1921–22, 447–48
February Revolution and, 174
foreign policy of, 443–45, 446–47
funeral of, 537–38, 540
Genoa conference sabotaged by, 444–45
and Georgian insubordination, 480, 487, 489–91
and German peace talks, 249–51, 255
German policy of, 272, 282, 283–84
at Gorki estate, 413–14, 416–17, 428, 440, 476, 482
Great Russian chauvinism opposed by, 348, 407, 487
Great War and, 151, 312–13
as head of Bolshevik Party, 186
on impact of civil war, 336
insomnia and headaches of, 410
intelligentsia-centric party advocated by, 51, 79, 107
Iskra editorials written by, 50, 51
isolation of, 487–88
in journey from Zurich to Petrograd, 187–88
Kamenev and, 234, 235, 236, 476–77
Kerensky and, 195–96, 200, 205
Kronstadt revolt and, 392
land seizure decree of, 220–21
Luxemburg’s attack on, 323
Martov and, 78, 267, 393
Marxism of, 151
Mirbach assassination and, 275–76
in move to Kremlin, 263
mummification of, 542–43
on nationalism and self-determination, 347–48, 351
nationalization of land proposed by, 103
on need to win over indigenous peoples, 407
NEP and, 344, 388–89, 405–6, 408, 416, 447, 449, 457, 473–74, 481–82, 487, 527, 568, 571, 580
in 1917 flight from Petrograd, 203, 260
in October 1917 return to Petrograd, 214, 222
in October 1923 visit to Kremlin, 520–22
in October Revolution, 220–21, 222, 278
in overhaul of Revolutionary Military Council, 328
party unity and, 389–90
peasants as poorly understood by, 299–300
physical appearance of, 220
police reform undermined by, 440
Polish-Soviet War and, 353, 354, 359–60, 362–63, 376–78
politburo’s relationship with
, 413, 415, 484, 489
political violence as principle of, 409–10
press censorship by, 237, 245
on primacy of international relations, 343
Provisional Government’s treason charges against, 203
Red Army and, 297
rule of law rejected by, 410
rumored death of, 287
at Second Congress of Soviets, 220
self-exiles of, 104, 114, 135, 152–53, 164, 173, 187, 196, 204, 205, 212, 213, 222, 230
in showdown over control of Council of People’s Commissars, 236
show trials ordered by, 439–40
Siberian exile of, 45
Sovietization of Europe as goal of, 360–61, 364
Soviet Union plan of, 476–77, 478, 484, 485–86, 496
Stalin and, see Lenin-Stalin relationship
Stalin seen as unlikely successor to, 422–23
Stalin’s first exposure to ideas of, 50–51
Stalin’s real name forgotten by, 152–53
Stalin-Trotsky relationship and, 415
strokes of, 3, 412, 440, 447, 474, 482–83, 484, 491, 494, 530
support for Provisional Government opposed by, 190
Sverdlov and, 193–94, 234, 318–19
Testament of, see Lenin’s Testament
at Third Comintern Congress, 403
Tiflis bank robbery and, 113–14
Trotsky and, 202, 214, 221, 222–23, 234, 256, 341, 357, 385–86, 390, 414–415, 472, 481–82, 523, 531, 647
Trotsky as possible successor to, 416–17
Workers’ opposition and, 385
world revolution as goal of, 407
zealotry of, 191–92, 194–95, 200, 213–14, 217, 232, 258, 278–79
Lenin and the Imperialist War 1914–1918 (Ksenofontov), 545
Leningrad, 540, 586
food shortages in, 721
strikes and job actions in, 570, 624
Zinoviev machine in, 577, 578, 584, 585
see also Petrograd
Leningrad Pravda, 580
Lenin Institute, 543–44, 580
Leninism, 190–91, 533, 563, 627
Stalin’s espousal of, 205, 419–20, 544–45, 591, 615, 699
Trotsky’s conversion to, 202
see also Marxism, Marxists
Lenin’s Doctrine of Revolution (Ksenofontov), 544
Lenin-Stalin relationship, 121, 133, 335
and blame for Polish War defeat, 377
correspondence of, 155, 301–2, 308–9, 362, 364, 483, 484–85
federalism as common agenda of, 346
and 5th RSDRP Congress, 108
Lenin’s alleged nationalities article and, 494
Lenin’s death and, 534–35, 536
Lenin’s mentoring role in, 81, 419, 471, 531, 600
Lenin’s perception of, 341, 412
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