Invisible Armies: An Epic History of Guerrilla Warfare From Ancient Times to the Present
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FLN in, 373
Lyautey in, 180–83, 200, 356, 379
Morris, Benny, 325
Mosby, John Singleton, 212
Mosby’s Rangers, 212
Moscow, 203, 241, 349–50, 528
mosquitoes, 100, 382
Mossad, 453, 455, 465, 507
Most, Johann, 232
Mosul, xxvii, 478, 538–39, 545
Moto Khan, Hajji, 554
Motorcycle Diaries (Guevara), 434
Mountbatten, Lord, 258
moutarik, 489
Mozambique, 326, 367, 397
Mubarak, Hosni, 521
Muenchhausen, Friedrich von, 69
Mughniyeh, Imad, 503–4, 507
Muhammad, Prophet, 42, 505, 507
mujahideen, xxvi, 484, 487–91, 493, 495–500, 504, 519, 566
mulattos, 93, 95, 98, 100, 430
Multi-National Security Transition Command–Iraq, 539–40
Mumbai shootings (2008), 527
Munich, 394, 453, 465, 466, 525
Munro, Bill, 254
Muong Thanh, 347–49
Murad, Hadji, 160
murids, the, 155–56, 160–62
Musawi, Abbas, 503, 507–8
Muslim Brotherhood, 461, 481, 488, 519, 525
Muslims, Islam, 451, 461, 467, 471, 527
in Afghanistan, 493, 499
in Algeria, 367–72, 375, 376, 382
Assassins, 154, 206–8
Bosnian, 509
in Caucasus, 158–62, 172
in Chechnya and Dagestan, xxv, 154–63
Christian alliance with, 274
Christians vs., 105, 162, 207–8
fundamentalist, 481, 482–83, 488, 499, 511, 520, 524
imperial wars and, 130–31, 154–63, 172
in Kashmir, 509
in Malaya, 388
Shiite, see Shiites
spread of, 42
Muslim Youth, 488
Mussolini, Benito, 271, 288, 296, 309
Nachaev, Sergei, 262
Nagorno-Karabakh, 509
Najaf, 478, 503, 508, 529, 530
Najibullah, 499, 500, 519
Nam Yum River, 347, 360
Nancahuazú Region, 394, 445
Nanchang, 319, 332
Nanking, Rape of (1937), 343
napalm, 356
Naples, 113, 116–18, 310
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 57, 285, 352, 566
defeat of, 89, 101, 119
Haiti and, 97, 98
Peninsular War and, xxii, xxv, 84–86, 89, 102, 130, 309
Napoleonic Wars, 91, 97, 100
see also Peninsular War
Nasrallah, Hassan, 115, 505, 507–8, 510, 512
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 323, 462, 518
Natal, 124, 186, 196, 197
National Guard, Saudi, 521
nationalism, 55, 115, 130, 199, 201, 323–24, 392, 509, 563
Afghan, 487
Arab, 283
Asian, 307
birthplace and, 109
in Bolivia, 445
of Ho Chi Minh, 350, 351
in Ireland, 210, 477
Nazi definition of, 308
Palestinians and, 461, 473, 477
terrorism and, 209–10, 259, 262, 459
in Yugoslavia, 311
Nationalist Party, Chinese (Kuomintang), 331–40, 343–46, 350, 353, 390
AB (Anti-Bolshevik) League of, 334
blockhouse strategy of, 334–35
German advisers to, 334
Sino-Japanese War and, 343–44
U.S. aid to, 344
nationalist separatism, 397
national liberation, wars of, xxv, 318–19, 321–93, 475
National Liberation Action, 447
National Liberation Front, Algerian, see FLN
National Liberation Front, Vietnamese, 416
National Organization of Cypriot Fighters, see EOKA
nation building, 537
in Iraq, 538, 539
in South Vietnam, 409–10
nation-states, rise of, 51, 59, 110, 115, 393
NATO, 176, 493
Navarino, Battle of, 107
Navarre, 86–87
Navarre, Henri-Eugène, 357
Navy, U.S., 108, 405
Naxalites, 477
Nazis, see Germany, Nazi
Nechaev, Sergei, 228–29, 231
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 324
Nepal, 477
Netanyahu, Benjamin, 453, 455
Netanyahu, Jonathan, 454–55
Netherlands, the Dutch, 46, 107, 318, 536
Boer War and, 193
in Indonesia, 323, 326
in War of Austrian Succession, 60–61
in World War II, 288, 307
Neumann, Sigmund, 273
New Delhi, 267, 301–2
New England:
French-Indian Wars in (1689–1763), 124, 137
King Philip’s War (1675–76) in, 124, 138, 139
New Guinea, 10, 11, 12
New Hampshire, 137
New Jersey, American Revolution in, 56, 68–71
New Left terrorists, 456–58
Newport, R.I., 70, 79
newspapers, see press
New Villages, 382, 386, 417
New York (state), 214
New York City, 70, 79
terrorism in, 230, 231, 484, 500, 523, 525, 528
New Yorker, The, 321
New York Herald, 436
New York Times, 232, 436–37, 515, 540
New Zealand, 171
Ngo Dinh Diem, 352, 363, 407–13, 416, 417, 421, 456
Ngo Dinh Nhu, 412, 416, 417
Nguyen Tat Thanh, see Ho Chi Minh
Nicaragua, Sandinistas in, 397, 448
Nice, 57, 109, 115, 116
Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia, 161
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, 206, 242, 243, 245, 260
Nigeria, 183, 397
Nihilists, Russian, xxv, 210, 228–29, 235–40, 252, 262, 430, 456, 460
Nineveh, 201
Niven, David, 291, 378
Nixon, Richard M., 423, 424
Nizari Ismailis, 206–8
Nkrumah, Kwame, 325
No. 1 Air Commando, 301
Noé plantation, 92
nomad paradox, 41–43
nomads, 14–20, 26–30, 34–43, 52–53, 338
Bedouin as, 278
military advantages of, 41–42
tsarist Russian expansion and, 157
Xiongnu, 34–39, 41
nonviolence, 264, 324
Normans, 40
North, Lord, 76–77, 560
North Africa, 25, 29, 45, 147, 168, 547
in World War II, 266, 289, 296–98
North Carolina, 74
Northern Alliance, 479, 500, 522, 526
Northern Expedition, 332, 345
Northern Ireland, 196, 256, 257, 362, 392, 544–45, 562
see also Irish Republican Army
North Korea, 36, 319, 346, 399, 477
North Ossetia, 528
North Vietnam, 319, 363, 395, 409, 414–20, 422–25, 533
Northwest Frontier, xxv, 125, 147, 172–76, 191
Northwest Passage (film), 290
Norway, 307, 465
Novaya Uda, 244
Nyasaland, 392
Nyere, Julius, 325
OAS, see Secret Army Organization
Obama, Barack, 546, 547, 549
Oceania, 178
O’Connell, Patrick, 248
Odessa, 236
Odierno, Ray, 542
Oerlikon, 497
Office of Special Services (OSS), 290, 291, 306, 309, 311–12, 350, 401, 409
oil, 409, 461, 466, 486–87, 539
Okada, Keisuke, 272
Okhrana (tsarist secret police), 236, 237–38, 240, 242–45, 262
Oklahoma, 149
as Indian Territory, 124, 140, 141
Oklahoma City bombing, 230
Oliver Twist (Dick
ens), 165
Olmert, Ehud, 510
Olympics (1972), 453, 465, 525
Oman, 318, 390–91, 392, 397
Omdurman, Battle of (1898), 130, 182
101st Airborne Division, U.S., 538–39
111th Brigade, 304
On Guerrilla Warfare (Mao), 340–41
On Protracted War (Mao), 340–43
On War (Clausewitz), 90–91
OPEC, 466
Opechancanough, 133, 136
Operation Brotherhood, 410
Operation Castor, 357
Operation Defensive Shield, 471–73
Operation Iraqi Freedom, 538–39
Operation Lea, 351
Operation Longcloth, 299–301
Operation Magistral, 498
Operation Mongoose, 414
Operation Rolling Thunder, 417
Operation Springtime of Youth, 465
Operation Thunderball, 454–55
Operation Thursday, 301–5
Operation Wrath of God, 465, 466
opium, 165–66, 347, 357
Orange Free State, 124, 186–89, 197
Orange River, 189
Oriente Province, 394, 427–29, 436
Ortodoxos, 431
Orwell, George, 234, 324
Osachi, Hamagushi, 272
Osage, 141
Osawatomie, Kans., 214
Oslo peace process, 469
OSS, see Office of Special Services
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 206
Ottoman Central Bank, 261
Ottomans, xxv, 51, 53, 61, 266, 287, 310
Arabs vs., 274–83, 286, 312, 566
army of, 42
Caucasus and, 160, 161
Greek independence and, 102–7, 170–71, 469
terrorists vs., 260, 261
outside assistance, xxvi, 77–78, 343, 416, 477, 514, 566
Oxford, 276, 278, 291
Oxyartes, 6
Pac Bo, 350, 429
Paine, Thomas, 76
Pakenham, Thomas, 187
Pakistan, 50, 53, 479, 514, 548
Afghans and, 487, 488, 492, 496, 499
Al Qaeda in, 479, 521, 526, 527
army of, 484
bin Laden in, 333, 496, 519, 526, 547
Inter-Services Intelligence of, 496
Islamists in, 496
Kashmir and, 509
madrassas in, 499
“tribal areas” in, 172
U.S. embassy attacked in, 483–84
war on terror in, 176
Pakistani Taliban (Tehrik-i-Taliban), 479, 546, 547–48
Palermo, 117, 439
Palestine, 14, 50
Arab rebellion in (1936–39), 266, 294–96, 318, 461
British, 282, 283, 294–96, 323, 324, 325, 379, 461
as Jewish homeland, 283
Jewish terrorism in, 325, 391
origin of name, 7
Wingate in, 292, 294–96, 298, 299
Palestine Liberation Army, 467
Palestine Liberation Organization, see PLO
Palestine Students’ Union, 461
Palestinian Authority, 469, 471, 513
Palestinian Islamic Jihad, 470, 471
Palestinians, 458–74, 504
First Intifada of, 468–69, 471, 472, 474
Hezbollah compared with, 511
as refugees, 461, 463, 467, 501
Second Intifada of, 294, 470–74, 510
statehood for, 461, 473
see also PLO; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
Palmer, A. Mitchell, 232
Palmer Raids, 232
Pamplona, 87
Pan Am, 452
pandours, 61, 63
Panjshir Valley, 479, 487–91, 500
Pape, Robert, 531
Papen, Franz von, 285
Papua New Guinea, 10
Paris, 57, 120, 263, 373, 375, 450, 453, 470
anarchism in, 226–28, 231, 232
Paris Commune, 227–28, 244, 310
Paris Peace Accords (1972), 424
Paris Peace Conference (1919), 249, 282
Parker, John, 65
Parkman, Francis, 137
Parliament, British, 76, 77, 192, 196, 209, 248, 363, 385
parliament, Irish (Dáil Eireann), 248–49
“Parthian shot,” 43
partisans, xxiii, 72, 86, 88
guerrillas vs., 120
Soviet, 290, 308–9
in Yugoslavia, xxiii, 266, 311–12, 343
“partizans,” 60
Pashtuns, xxv, 53, 125, 127, 200, 499
Afghan “tribute” to, 166
British wars with (1849–1945), xxv, 125, 172–76, 186, 192
Ghilzai tribal confederation, 166–67
passports, 194, 321
Paterson, Ivy, 293–94
Paterson, Lorna, see Wingate, Lorna Paterson
Patriot, The (movie), 71
Pauwels, Philibert, 231
Pax Romana, 25
“peaceful penetration” doctrine, 179
“peacekeeping” missions, xxvii
Peace to End All Peace, A (Fromkin), 283
Peake, Frederick W., 274–75
peasants:
in Bolivia, 444, 446
Chinese, 328–29, 332, 333, 336, 340
Cuban, 428, 429, 436
Vietnamese, 354, 358
Peelers, 248
Peking, 319, 331, 339, 346
Peking University, 331
Peloponnese, 105
Peloponnesian War, xxxii, 4–5
Peninsular War, 57, 80–91, 99, 102, 107, 120, 123, 130, 205, 290, 309, 561
regular and irregular forces working together in, 89, 566
Pentagon, 500, 523
“Pentagon East,” 421–22
Pentagon Papers, 421
People’s Army, 350
People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan, 485–86, 488
People’s Liberation Army, Chinese, 332, 344
see also Red Army, Chinese
People’s Liberation Army, Congolese, 443–44
People’s Will (Narodnaya Volya), 203, 235–40, 260
Percy, Lord Hugh, 66, 67
Peres, Shimon, 453
Pérez, Faustino, 427, 428
Perovskaya, Sophia, 238, 240
Persia, 157
Assassins in, 154, 206–7
Persia, shah of, 230
Persian Empire, xxxii, xxxiii, 6, 16–18, 29, 106, 151
Persian Gulf, 276, 469, 478, 486–87
personalism, 416
personality, cult of, 115, 333
Peru, 394, 452
Shining Path in, 507, 511
Peshawar, 173, 479, 496, 520
Péta, 104
Pétain, Philippe, 182
petite guerre, 60, 68
petite guerre, La (monograph), 63
PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), 502
Petraeus, David H., xviii, xxi, xxix, 161, 287, 534–46
accidents and health problems of, 535
in Afghanistan, 546
background and career path of, 536–38
COIN manual and, 540–41, 542
Operation Iraqi Freedom and, 538–39
“population-centric” counterinsurgency and, 538–45, 562
Pew Global Attitudes Project, 547
PFLP, see Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
Phalangists, 467, 501
Philadelphia, Pa., 70
philhellenes, 103–6, 123
Philiki Etairia (Society of Friends), 103
Philippeville, 318, 367
Philippine army, 403–4, 405
Philippine Insurrection, 198–99, 343, 381, 399, 440, 565
Philippine navy, 405
Philippines, xviii, xxix, 12, 307, 390, 408, 449, 544, 548, 564
civic action program in, 405
Huk Rebellion in, xxv, 395, 397, 400–406, 419–20
imperial wars in (1899–1902), 125, 131, 377
in World War II, 291
Philistines, 9
Phoenix Program, 419
Piccadilly, 302
Pickens, Andrew, 72
Piedmont-Sardinia, 109, 112–13, 115–16
pieds noir (black feet; European settler population), 367–70, 374, 375
Pillsbury, Michael, 497–98
PKK, 397, 459
plantations, 380, 434
in Haiti, 92, 93, 95, 97
Plautius, Gaius, 22
PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization), xxvi, 374, 395, 453, 459–74, 477, 531, 548, 559, 564
Black September and, 464–66
creation of, 462
funds of, 463, 469
Hezbollah compared with, 503
Jordan’s expulsion of, 464
Lebanon evacuation of, 467–68, 501, 503
peace process and, 469, 470
turning point for, 466
Plutarch, 5–6
Plymouth Brethren, 292–93
Pocahontas, 133
Pointe du Hoc, 290
Poland, Poles, 64, 102, 119, 157, 266, 496
resistance fighters in, 309
World War II and, 271, 307, 309, 310
police, 448
anarchists and, 232–33, 258
in China, 329
Iranian, 481, 484
Irish struggles and, 248, 251, 252, 254–55, 258
Okhrana, 236, 237–38, 240, 242–45, 262
Pakistani, 484
secret, 259
U.S., 457
West German, 458
Polish Home Army, 310
Polish Socialist Party, 243
Politburo, Chinese, 332, 335
Politburo, Soviet, 485–86, 498
political organizing, xxvi, 271, 331, 332, 341, 431
political prisoners, 216–17
political reform, 264
political rights, suppression of, 264
politics, 200, 209, 241
Pollack, George, 169
Polybius, 21
Popski’s Private Army, 266, 289
Popular Forces militia, 419
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), 395, 397, 450–52, 458, 464, 465, 476, 477, 566
“population-centric” counterinsurgency, xxvi–xxvii, 70–71, 363, 384, 399, 449, 562–63
coinage of term, 127
Lyautey and, 71, 127, 177–83, 399, 403
Petraeus and, 538–45, 562
in Philippines, 403
Porch, Douglas, 178, 180
Portugal, 84–87, 89, 326
Post, Jerrold, 264
post–World War II world, 321–27
Pottawatomie killings, 211–12, 214, 215
Powell, Colin, 538
Powhatan, 133, 138
Powhatan Indians, 132–36, 147
Powhatan War (1622–44), 124, 132–35
Praetorians, The (Lartéguy), 376
Prague, 307
Predator drones, 527
press, 112, 115, 201, 209, 231, 376–77, 392, 451, 531
American Revolution and, 76–77
anarchist, 232
Arafat’s use of, 462, 463–64
press freedom, 259
Pretoria, 187, 189
primitive warfare, 10–12
Princeton, Washington’s attack on, 69
Princeton University, 537, 540