The New Class War

by Michael Lind

  15. David Marquand, “Pluralism v Populism,” Prospect, June 20, 1999.

  16. Robert Nisbet, The Quest for Community (New York: Oxford University Press, 1973 [1953]), p. 270.

  17. Carlos de la Torre and Cynthia J. Arnson, Latin American Populism in the Twenty-First Century (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2013).

  18. T. Harry Williams, Huey Long (New York: Knopf, 1970).

  19. Carol O’Keefe Wilson, In the Governor’s Shadow: The True Story of Ma and Pa Ferguson (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2014).

  CHAPTER SIX: RUSSIAN PUPPETS AND NAZIS

  1. The term “Brown Scare” was coined by Leo P. Ribuffo, in The Old Christian Right: The Protestant Far Right from the Great Depression to the Cold War (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1983). See also Gary Alan Fine and Terence McDonnell, “Erasing the Brown Scare: Referential Afterlife and the Power of Memory Templates,” Social Problems 54, no. 2 (May 2007), pp. 170–87.

  2. David Marcus, “Antifa Is Mostly Made Up of Privileged White Dudes,” The Federalist, July 1, 2019.

  3. Carol Matlack and Robert Williams, “France to Probe Possible Russian Influence on Yellow Vest Riots,” Bloomberg, December 7, 2018; “Exposed: Russian Twitter Bots Tried to Swing General Election for Jeremy Corbyn,” Sunday Times, April 29, 2018.

  4. Matt Taibbi, “As the Mueller Probe Ends, New Russiagate Myths Begin,” Rolling Stone, March 25, 2019.

  5. Jeffrey M. Jones, “More in U.S. Favor Diplomacy Over Sanctions for Russia,” Gallup, August 20, 2018.

  6. Aaron Mate, “New Studies Show Pundits Are Wrong About Russian Social-Media Involvement in US Politics,” The Nation, December 28, 2018.

  7. Scott Shane, “These Are the Ads Russia Bought on Facebook in 2016,” New York Times, November 1, 2017; Scott Shane and Sheera Frenkel, “Russian 2016 Influence Operation Targeted African-Americans on Social Media,” New York Times, December 17, 2018.

  8. Jason Guerrasio, “We Asked Michael Moore About the Gun-Violence Epidemic, His New Movie, and Why Donald Trump Will Get the Republican Nomination,” Business Insider, December 23, 2015.

  9. Michael Moore, “5 Reasons Why Trump Will Win,” michaelmoore.com.

  10. Alex Seitz-Wald and Benjy Sarlin, “Why Democrats Fear Donald Trump,” NBC News, February 26, 2016.

  11. Amanda Sakuma, “Trump Did Better With Blacks, Hispanics Than Romney in ’12: Exit Polls,” NBC News, November 9, 2016.

  12. “Populism Past and Present,” hammer.ucla.edu/programs-events/2016/05/populism-past-and-present.

  13. Alan I. Abramowitz, “Did Russian Interference Affect the 2016 Election Results?” Sabato’s Crystal Ball, August 8, 2019.

  14. Ben Riley-Smith, “Hillary Clinton Questions Whether Cambridge Analytica Helped the Russians Meddle in 2016 Election,” Daily Telegraph, March 20, 2018.

  15. Albright, Fascism: A Warning (New York: Harper, 2018).

  16. Jason Stanley, How Fascism Works: The Politics of Us and Them (New York: Random House, 2018).

  17. Zack Beauchamp, “A Leading Holocaust Historian Just Seriously Compared the US to Nazi Germany,” Vox, October 5, 2018).

  18. Christopher R. Browning, “The Suffocation of Democracy,” New York Review of Books, October 25, 2018.

  19. Carly Sitrin, “Read: President Trump’s Remarks Condemning Violence ‘On Many Sides’ in Charlottesville,” Vox, August 12, 2017.

  20. “Statement by President Trump,” August 14, 2017, whitehouse.gov.

  21. “Full Transcript and Video: Trump’s News Conference in New York,” August 15, 2017.

  22. Joe Heim, “Recounting a Day of Rage, Hate, Violence and Death,” Washington Post, August 14, 2017; Matt Pearce, “Who Was Responsible for the Violence in Charlottesville? Here’s What Witnesses Say,” Los Angeles Times, August 15, 2017.

  23. Chris Kahn, “A Majority of Americans Want to Preserve Confederate Monuments: Reuters/Ipsos Poll,” Reuters, August 21, 2017; “Trump’s Domestic Crisis: Charlottesville and White Nationalists,” August 16, 2017, yougov.com.

  24. “NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll Results on Charlotteseville,” August 17, 2017, maristpoll.marist.edu.

  25. Volker Ullrlich, Hitler: Ascent 1889–1939 (New York: Vintage, 2017), p. 117.

  26. Martin Roiser and Carla Willig, “The Strange Death of the Authoritarian Personality: 50 Years of Psychological and Political Debate,” History of the Human Sciences 15, no. 4, p. 74; Theodor Adorno, Else Frenkel-Brenswik, Daniel J. Levinson, R. Nevitt Sanford, The Authoritarian Personality (New York: Harper & Row, 1950).

  27. Bob Altemeyer, The Authoritarian Specter (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), p. 5.

  28. Right Wing Authoritarian Test, openpsychometrics.org, accessed February 28, 2019.

  29. Jesse Singal, “How Social Science Might Be Misunderstanding Conservatives,” New York, July 15, 2018.

  30. Theodor W. Adorno and Jamie Owen Daniel, “On Jazz,” Discourse 12, no. 1, A Special Issue on Music (Fall–Winter 1989–90), pp. 45–69.

  31. Jesse Singal, “How Social Science.”

  32. Daniel Bell, ed., The New American Right (New York: Criterion Books, 1955); Daniel Bell, ed., Radical Right: The New American Right Expanded and Updated (Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1963).

  33. Richard Hofstadter, “The Pseudo-Conservative Revolt,” American Scholar 24 (Winter 1954–1955), pp. 11–17.

  34. Nils Gilman, “Revisiting Hofstadter’s Populism,” The American Interest 14, no. 1, May 2018.

  35. On agrarian populism, see Lawrence Goodwyn, The Populist Moment: A Short History of the Agrarian Revolt in America (Oxford University Press, 1978); Michael Kazin, The Populist Persuasion: An American History (Basic Books, 1995); Charles Postel, The Populist Vision (Oxford University Press, 2007); Anton Jäger, “The Myth of Populism,” Jacobin (January 3, 2018).

  36. Jon Wiener, “America, Through a Glass Darkly,” The Nation, October 5, 2006.

  37. C. Vann Woodward, “The Populist Heritage and the Intellectual,” American Scholar 29, no. 1 (Winter 1959–60), pp. 55–72.

  38. Michael Paul Rogin, The Intellectuals and McCarthy: The Radical Specter (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1967).

  39. Richard Hofstadter, “The Paranoid Style in American Politics,” Harper’s, November 1964.

  40. Elizabeth Tandy Shermer, Sunbelt Capitalism: Phoenix and the Transformation of American Politics (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013); Matthew D. Lassiter, The Silent Majority: Suburban Politics in the Sunbelt South (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006). See Kim Phillips-Fein, “Conservatism: A State of the Field,” Journal of American History 98, no. 3, December 2011, pp. 723–43.

  41. John Levi Martin, “The Authoritarian Personality, 50 Years Later. What Lessons Are there for Political Psychology?” Political Psychology 22, p. 1 (2001).

  42. Henry Giroux, “Trump’s Fascist Efforts to Demolish Democracy,” The Conversation, November 25, 2018.

  43. Matthew MacWilliams, “The One Weird Trait That Predicts Whether You’re a Trump Supporter,” Politico, January 17, 2016.

  44. Sean Illing, “Why Trump’s Populist Appeal Is About Culture, Not the Economy,” Vox, March 27, 2017.

  45. Leo P. Ribuffo, “Donald Trump and ‘the Paranoid Style’ in American Politics,” H-Diplo/ISSF, June 13, 2017.

  46. Norman Pollack, “Hofstadter on Populism: A Critique of ‘The Age of Reform,’” Journal of Southern History 26, no. 4 (November 1960), pp 495–96.

  47. Christopher Lasch, The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations (New York: W. W. Norton, 1978); Lasch, “Life in the Therapeutic State,” New York Review of Books, June 12, 1980.

  48. Katie Reilly, “Read Hillary Clinton’s ‘Basket of Deplorables’ Remarks About Donald Trump Supporters,” Time, September 10, 2016.

  49. G.
Wilkinson, “Political Dissent and ‘Sluggish Schizophrenia’ in the Soviet Union,” British Medical Journal, September 1986, pp. 641–42.

  50. Louis Hartz, The Liberal Tradition in America: An Interpretation of American Political Thought Since the Revolution (Harcourt Brace, 1955).

  CHAPTER SEVEN: THE WORKERLESS PARADISE

  1. Charlie Duxbury, “Danish Social Democrats Win National Election,” Politico, June 5, 2019.

  2. Ralph Miliband, Socialism for a Sceptical Age (London: Verso, 1994), p. 16.

  3. Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Department of Labor, “Employment Projections,” accessed December 16, 2018.

  4. James K. Galbraith, Inequality and Instability: A Study of the World Economy Just Before the Great Crisis (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012).

  5. T. Kristal, “Good Times, Bad Times: Postwar Labor’s Share of Income in Capitalist Democracies,” American Sociological Review 75, no. 5, October 2010, pp. 729–63, cited in Andrew Sayer, Why We Can’t Afford the Rich (Chicago: Policy Press, 2016), pp. 187–88.

  6. J. Peters, “The Rise of Finance and the Decline of Organized Labor in the Advanced Capitalist Countries,” New Political Economy 16, no. 1, p. 93, cited in Sayer, Why We Can’t Afford the Rich, pp. 187–88.

  7. Chang-Tai Hsieh and Enrico Moretti, “Why Do Cities Matter? Local Growth and Aggregate Growth,” Chicago Unbound: Kreisman Working Paper Series in Housing Law and Policy, 2015.

  8. Shirin Ghaffary, “Many in Silicon Valley Support Universal Basic Income. Now the California Democratic Party Does, Too,” Vox, March 8, 2018; Candice Norwood, “Silicon Valley Is Helping Cities Test a Radical Anti-Poverty Idea,” Governing, July 16, 2018.

  9. Barry C. Lynn, Cornered: The New Monopoly and the Economics of Destruction (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2010); Lina M. Khan, “Amazon’s Antitrust Paradox,” Yale Law Journal 126, no. 3, January 2017; Matt Stoller, Goliath: The 100-Year War Between Monopoly Power and Democracy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2019).

  10. Robert D. Atkinson and Michael Lind, Big Is Beautiful: Debunking the Myth of Small Business (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2018), p. 65.

  11. Atkinson and Lind, Big Is Beautiful, p. 65.

  12. Charles Lamb, A Dissertation Upon Roast Pig: One of the Essays of Elia, with a Note on Lamb’s Literary Motive (Palala Press, 2016).

  13. Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962); Charles Murray, In Our Hands: A Plan to Replace the Welfare State (Washington, DC: AEI Press, 2016).

  14. Daniel McCarthy, “A New Conservative Agenda: A Governing Philosophy for the Twenty-First Century,” First Things, March 2019.

  CHAPTER EIGHT: COUNTERVAILING POWER

  1. David Marquand, “Pluralism v Populism,” Prospect, June 20, 1999.

  2. Kate Andrias, “The New Labor Law,” Yale Law Journal 126, no. 1, October 2016; Mark Barenberg, “Widening the Scope of Labor Organizing: Legal Reforms to Facilitate Multi-Employer Organizing, Bargaining, and Striking,” Roosevelt Institute, October 7, 2015; David Madland, “The Future of Worker Voice and Power,” Center for American Progress, October 11, 2016.

  3. Robert A. Dahl, After the Revolution? Authority in a Good Society, rev. ed. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990 [1970]), p. 132.

  4. Mia Sato, “What the Gov: What Does It Mean to Have Six Democratic Socialists on the Chicago City Council?” Better Government Association, July 2, 2019.

  5. Ganesh Sitaraman and Anne L. Alstott, The Public Option: How to Expand Freedom, Increase Opportunity, and Promote Equality (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019).

  6. Kirkpatrick Sale, Human Scale Revisited: A New Look at the Classic Case for a Decentralist Future (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2017), pp. 145–46.

  7. John Gray, Two Faces of Liberalism (New York: The New Press, 2000).

  8. Tara Isabella Burton, “Corporations Are Replacing Churches as America’s Conscience,” Vox, August 18, 2017.

  9. Benjamin Fearnow, “Number of Witches Rises Dramatically Across U.S. as Millennials Reject Christianity,” Newsweek, November 18, 2018; Pew forum on religion and public life, “U.S. Religious Landscape Survey: Religious Beliefs and Practices: Diverse and Politically Relevant” (Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, 2008).

  CHAPTER NINE: MAKING THE WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRATIC PLURALISM

  1. Dani Rodrik, “The Inescapable Trilemma of the World Economy,” author’s blog, June 17, 2000. See Dani Rodrik, “How Far Will International Economic Integration Go?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14, no. 1, 2000, pp. 177–86.

  2. Robert D. Atkinson and Michael Lind, “National Developmentalism: From Forgotten Tradition to New Consensus,” American Affairs 3, no. 2 (Summer 2019).

  3. Chalmers Johnson, MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925–1975 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1982); Alice Amsden, Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989); Meredith Woo-Cumings, The Developmental State (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999).

  4. Erik Reinert, How Rich Countries Got Rich and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor (London: Constable, 2007); Ha-Joon Chang, Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective (London: Anthem Press, 2002); Michael Hudson, America’s Protectionist Takeoff, 1815–1914 (Dresden, Germany: ISLET, 2010).

  5. Oxford Economics, “Understanding the US-China Trade Relationship,” paper prepared for the US-China Business Council, January 2017.

  6. Vincent Navarro, “The Worldwide Class Struggle,” in Michael D. Yates, ed., More Unequal: Aspects of Class in the United States (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2007), p. 23.

  7. Dani Rodrik, Straight Talk on Trade: Ideas for a Sane World Economy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018), p. 92.

  8. Jonas Pontusson, David Rueda, and Christopher R. Way, “Comparative Political Economy of Wage Distribution: The Role of Partisanship and Labour Market Institutions,” British Journal of Political Science 32, no. 2, 2002, pp. 281–308; Bruce Western and Jake Rosenfeld, “Unions, Norms, and the Rise in U.S. Wage Inequality,” American Sociological Review 76, no. 4, 2001, pp. 513–37; David Card, Thomas Lemieux, and W. Craig Riddell, “Unions and Wage Inequality,” Journal of Labor Research 25, no. 4, 2004, pp. 519–59.

  9. United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Union Members Summary,” Economic News Release, January 18, 2019.

  10. Niall McCarthy, “Which Countries Have the Highest Levels of Labor Union Membership? [Infographic],” Forbes, June 20, 2017.

  11. Western and Rosenfeld, “Unions, Norms, and the Rise in U.S. Wage Inequality.”

  12. Robert Kuttner, Can Democracy Survive Global Capitalism? (New York: W. W. Norton, 2018), p. 132.

  13. Micheline Maynard, “The UAW Is Losing Its Grip on Auto Industry Labor,” Forbes, February 20, 2014; David Welch and Nacha Cattan, “How Mexico’s Unions Sell Out Autoworkers,” Bloomberg, May 5, 2017.

  14. See, for example, Sapna Jain, “Can We Keep Meatpacking Companies Accountable for Hiring Undocumented Immigrants?” Emory Corporate Governance and Accountability Review 3, 2016, pp. 157–69.

  15. Kate Bronfenbrenner, Uneasy Terrain (Ithaca, NY: ILF Collection, 2000).

  16. Milton Friedman, “What Is America,” lecture at Stanford University, quoted in Judith Gans, Elaine M. Replogle, and Daniel J. Tichenor, eds., Debates on U.S. Immigration (Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2012), p. 227.

  17. Paul Krugman, “North of the Border,” New York Times, March 27, 2006.

  18. United Press International, “Bloomberg: Illegal Immigrants Help Golfers,” UPI.com, April 1, 2006.

  19. Dave Seminara, “Bush 43’s Bankrupt ‘Let Them Pick Cotton’ Immigration Policy,” The Hill, February 19, 2019.

  20. Ken Webster Jr., “Beto Tells Black Guy: We Need Illegal Immigrants for Cotton
Gin,” kprcradio.iheart.com, September 20, 2018.

  21. Natalie Kitroeff, “Immigrants Flooded California Construction. Worker Pay Sank. Here’s Why,” Los Angeles Times, April 22, 2017; Sara Murray, “On the Killing Floor, Clues to the Impact of Immigration on Jobs,” Wall Street Journal, August 21, 2013; Philip Martin, Importing Poverty? Immigration and the Changing Face of Rural America (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009).

  22. Robert Shapiro, “Race, Ethnicity, and the Job Market,” Journal of Democracy, no. 53, Summer 2019.

  23. Patricia Cohen, “Is Immigration at Its Limit? Not for Employers,” New York Times, August 22, 2019.

  24. Matthew Yglesias, “DREAM On: America Needs Much Bigger, Bolder Immigration Reform—for Low-Skilled Workers, Not Just Supergeniuses—to Boost the Economy,” Slate, June 20, 2012.

  25. “The Impact of Illegal Immigration on the Wages and Employment Opportunities of Black Workers: A Briefing Before the United States Commission on Civil Rights” (Washington, DC: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, August 2010).

  26. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2017).

  27. Mark Zuckerberg, “Immigrants Are the Key to a Knowledge Economy,” Washington Post, April 10, 2013.

  28. Michael Lind, “Reich Is Wrong: Immigration Won’t Solve Entitlement Mess,” Salon, April 13, 2010.

  29. Steven A. Camarota and Karen Zeigler, “Projecting the Impact of Immigration on the U.S. Population: A Look at Size and Age Structure through 2060,” Center for Immigration Studies, February 4, 2019.

  30. Steven A. Camarota and Karen Zeigler, “Projecting the Impact of Immigration on the U.S. Population,” Center for Immigration Studies, February 2019.

  31. Michael Lind, “Reich Is Wrong.”

  32. Michael Lind, “The Two-Year Solution,” New York Times, June 1, 2007.

  33. John B. Judis, The Nationalist Revival: Trade, Immigration, and the Revolt Against Globalization (New York: Columbia Global Reports, 2018), p. 146.