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Acknowledgements
Many people have supported me in the writing of this book, and it has given me particular pleasure to have had the support of those who may in a way be regarded as ‘descendants’ of the people caught up in the religious turmoils in sixteenth-century Smithfield – that is, both the current community of believers at the Priory Church of St Bartholomew the Great; and the representatives of the City authorities, members of the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation, both Aldermen and ‘commoners’.
Among the latter group, my thanks go to: Ann Holmes, Michael Snyder, Stephen Haines, Philip Woodhouse, Jeremy Simons, Wendy Mead, Michael Welbank, George Abrahams, Jeremy Mayhew, Charles Bowman, Julian Malins, Peter Estlin, Catherine McGuinness, Joyce Nash, Henry Colthurst, William Russell, Marianne Fredericks, Billy Dove, Mark Wheatley, Emma Edhem, Nigel Challis, Richard Regan, Anthony Eskenzi, Nick Bensted-Smith, Graham Packham, Ian Seaton, Peter Dunphy, Chris Hayward, Vincent Keaveny, Tom Sleigh, Fiona and Nicholas Woolf, and Bill Fraser.
And at St Bartholomew’s, I acknowledge the support of: Nick and Sarah Kelsey, Monica Darnbrough, Nigel and Lilian Reid, Nandini Sukumar, Beatrice and the late Anthony Perch, Richard and Sue Plaskett, Karen Falkner, Dominique Lazanski and Marc Sidwell, Geoff and Irina Cowley, Zoë McMillan, Nicholas Riddle and Patrick Stutz, and Maurice Hughes.
In addition, I have received valuable support from: Dr Maria Grasso and Dr James H. Pedersen, Dr Mary Hogan Camp, Emma Kirkby, Fionnuala Tennyson and Evelyn Pickup, Simon Woodroffe, Alexandre Tissot Demidov, Tony and Anthea Peck, Tim Statham, John Morgan, Peter Rose, Vivien Gainsborough Foot, Una Riley, Nick and Joy Gravestock, Eddie and Pat Stevens, Michael Thompson, Jane Holt, Dr Maria Starkova-Vindman, Jane Miles Elliston, Leigh Richards, Michael Hopkins, Holly and Catriona McDavid, Alan and Hazel Birchenough, and Andrew Gillett.
Thanks are also due to Howard Doble, Senior Archivist (City Records), London Metropolitan Archives for finding the only mentions in the records of Town Clerk William Pavier; to Professor Bernard Knight and Dr Elayne Pope for providing details of the physiological and pathological effects of burning; and to the Revd Dr Martin Dudley, 25th Rector of St Bartholomew the Great, for much illuminating theological discussion and for being my first reader. I am also grateful to Charles Spicer of St Martin’s Press for having conceived of the idea of a book about the Smithfield martyrs and to my agent, Clare Alexander, for suggesting I might be the person to write it. Georgina Morley has also been consistently encouraging, as has the whole team at Macmillan.
INDEX
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
Abel, Thomas
execution
imprisonment in the Tower
letter to Thomas Cromwell
support for Katherine of Aragon, and imprisonment
Abu Bakr Naji
Acts and Monuments (John Foxe)
attitude towards women
comments on various characters
Bartlet Green
John Bradford
John Lambert
John Rogers
John Tewkesbury
Richard Gibson
Thomas Garrett
comparison of the martyrs with Christ
descriptions of various burnings
of Anne Askew
of John Lambert
of Richard Bayfield
of Robert Smith
embarrassment over reformers’ persecution of reformers
names torturers of Anne Askew
remarks of John Frith
scorn towards John Forest
trial of John Lambert
words spoken by James Bainham
Acts of Parliament
Against Papal Authority (1536)
against Revilers of the Sacrament (1547)
De haeretico comburendo (1401)
for the Advancement of True Religion (1543)
in Restraint of Appeals (1533)
of Six Articles (1539)
of Succession (1534)
of Supremacy (1534)
of Supremacy (1559)
of Uniformity (1559)
Treason Act (1535)
al-Qaeda
Albigenses see Cathars
alchemy
Ambrose, George
Ambrose of Milan
Amsterdam
Anabaptists
Anastasius (Emperor)
Anne of Cleves
Antwerp
as place of exile
as place of publication
as place of refuge
as place of work
as source of forbidden books
apprentices
Aquinas, Thomas see Thomas Aquinas
Aristotle
Arthur, Prince of Wales
Askew, Anne
arrests
arrival in London
education
execution
family life
First and Latter Examinations, The
her ‘heresy’ becomes orthodoxy
imprisonment
interrogations
reading of the Bible
torture
trial in Guildhall
Askew, Christopher
Askew, Edward
Askew, Francis
Askew, Jane
Askew, Martha
Askew, Thomas
Askew, William
Audley, Thomas
appointed Lord Chancellor
as patron of Richard Rich
letter to Thomas Cromwell
presides at trials of Fisher and More
Augustine of Hippo
De Correctione Donatistarum
on coercion
on distinguishing false from true martyrs
on persecution
on the parable of the tares
Austoo, James
Austoo, Margery
authority, attitudes to
Bainham, James
abjuration
arrest
attitude towards death
background
condemnation
execution
his ‘heresy’ becomes orthodoxy
imprisonment
interrogations
torture
Bainham, Joan
Bainton, Roland H.
Baker, John
Bale, John
<
br /> Barlow, William
Barnes, Robert escape
execution
imprisonment
influence on others
influenced by Little Bilney
preaches at Paul’s Cross
recantation
reports on John Lambert
Sententiae ex Doctoribus Collectae
Supplication unto King Henry the Eighth, A
work for Thomas Cromwell
Baronius, Caesar
Bartholomew Close
Bartholomew Fair
Bartlett, Richard
attends as doctor to Princess Mary
bequest to John Deane
buried in St Bartholomew the Great
funeral
grandfather of Bartlet Green
living in Bartholomew Close
Bayfield, Richard
abjuration
background
book-smuggling activities
condemnation
conversion to the ‘new learning’
execution
imprisonment
mentioned by John Bainham in his trials
trial
Bayley, William
Bayyah, Shaykh Abdallah bin
beards
Beaton, David
Becket, Thomas
Bedlam see Bethlem Hospital
Bellamy, Richard
Bentham, Thomas
Bernher, Augustine
Beswick, Roger
Bethlem Hospital
Betteridge, Tom
Bible, the
read by ‘ordinary’ people
reverence for it
whether it contains all things necessary for salvation
whether it should be translated into English
Bigod, Francis
Bilney, Thomas
arrest and imprisonment
execution
conversion to the ‘new learning’
influence on others
his ‘heresy’ becomes orthodoxy
remorse at recantation
Bishops’ Book, see Institution of a Christian man, The
Black Friars, community at St Bartholomew’s
bequest from Richard Bartlett
departure
establishment
See also Dominicans
Blagge, George
Blagge, Robert
boiling, as punishment for treason
Boleyn, Anne
as Protestant sympathizer
coronation
desire of Henry VIII to marry her
daughter declared heir
execution
marriage to Henry VIII
Richard Lyst in communication with her
suspected of involvement in attempted poisoning of Fisher
Boleyn, Thomas
Bolt, Robert
Bolton, William
Bonner, Edmund
admiration for Cuthbert Simpson
at disturbances at Paul’s Cross
at trial of Anne Askew
at trial of John Philpot
Bartlet Green sent to him
belief in efficacy of persecution
carries out ceremony of degradation
against Hooper and Rogers
consecration and enthronement as
Bishop of London
dedication to him of sermons by William
Peryn
deprivation under Elizabeth
examinations of various martyrs
of Anne Askew
of Bartlet Green
of John Bradford
of John Cardmaker
of John Leaf
of John Philpot
of John Rough
of John Tudson
of John Warne
of Richard Gibson
of Roger Holland
of Thomas Browne
of William Tyms and companions
exercise of episcopal oversight
imprisonment and death
imprisonment and deprivation under
Edward VI
Joan Lashford sent to him
mistreatment of Thomas Tomkins
mistreatment of Thomas Whittle
orders from the Queen
participation in liturgy
physical appearance
preface to Gardiner’s De vera obedientia
reputation as ‘bloody Bonner’
restoration as Bishop of London by Mary
suspects sent to him by Richard Rich
Book of Common Prayer
First Book of Common Prayer comes
into use
John Frith’s articles used in 1552 second
Book of Common Prayer
reintroduced under Elizabeth
Second Book of Common Prayer comes
into use
Thirty-Nine Articles contained therein
Boucher, Joan
Boulogne
Bourne, Gilbert
at examination of John Philpot
at examination of Thomas Tomkins
at trial of John Philpot
preaches at Paul’s Cross
Bourne, John
Bow churchyard
Bow Lane
Bowes, Martin
Bradford, John
at disturbances at Paul’s Cross
attitude towards death
background
becomes Prebendary of St Paul’s
execution
his ‘heresy’ becomes orthodoxy
imprisonment
interrogations
physical appearance
uncompromising nature
Branche see Flower, Thomas alias William
Brassens, George
Brentford
Bridges, John
Brittayn, Christopher
Broke, Robert
Bromfield, Thomas
Brooks, James
Browne, Anthony
Browne, Thomas
Bryan, Francis
Bucer, Martin
Bullinger, Heinrich
Bulmer, Joan
Bunzel, Cole
Burgoyne, John
Burgoyne, Thomas
burning
as punishment for heresy
numbers burnt for heresy
physiological effects
procedure
Bury St Edmunds
butchery (craft of)
Caius, John
Calais
Calverley, Hugh
Calvin, John
Caly, Robin
Cambridge
King’s College
Pembroke Hall
Queens’ College
St Catherine’s College
White Horse tavern
Campbell, John Lord
Canterbury
Cardmaker, John
attempts to escape England
background
execution
influence on others
interrogation
recantation
support for Duke of Somerset
uncompromising as preacher
Carew, Anne
Carew, Francis
Carew, Nicholas
Carranza de Miranda, Bartolomé
Carthusians
Caschetta, A. J.
Castellio, Sebastian
De arte dubitandi
Castro, Alfonso de
Cathars
Cavell, John
Chapman, John
Chapuys, Eustace
Charles V (Emperor)
Charterhouse, the
Chartres, Richard
Cheapside
Chedsey, William
Chester
Chester, Joseph Lemuel
Cholmley, Roger
at examination of John Philpot
at trial of Anne Askew
examines Wilmot and Fairfax
Islington congregation sent to him
Cholmondeley, Roger see Cholmley, Roger
Ch
ristopherson, John
Church of England
authority of monarch over English
Church
Church in England reunited with
Church of Rome
establishment of Church of England
under Elizabeth
split of English Church from Rome
City churches and parishes
All Hallows Bread Street
All Hallows Honey Lane
Great St Bartholomew see St Bartholomew
the Great
Holy Trinity the Less
St Andrew Undershaft
St Bartholomew the Great
backdrop for burnings
funeral of Richard Bartlett
in the present day
memorial slab to John Deane
Richard Rich’s descendants as patron
traditional Mass celebrated in 1553
visitation by Bishop Bonner
See also St Bartholomew’s Priory
St Botolph-without-Aldersgate
St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate
St Botolph’s Billingsgate
St Bride’s Fleet Street
St Ethelburga within Bishopsgate
St Helen Bishopsgate
St Lawrence Jewry
St Margaret Lothbury
St Margaret Moyses
St Margaret Pattens
St Martin Outwich
St Martin’s-le-Grand
St Mary Aldermary
St Mary-at-Hill
St Matthew’s Friday Street
St Michael Bassishaw
St Nicholas Cole Abbey
St Nicholas Olave
St Peter Cornhill
St Sepulchre-without-Newgate
John Rogers as vicar
Rogers passes church on his way to execution
St Thomas Acons
St Vedast
Clement VII (Pope)
clerical marriage
forbidden in Act of Six Articles
forbidden under Mary I
legalized under Edward VI
question raised in examination of John Lambert
question raised in examination of John Rogers
Clerkenwell monastery
Clothworkers’ Company
Coke, Richard see Roose, Richard
Colchester
Cole, Henry
Colet, John
Constantine the Great (Emperor)
Cooke, Laurence
Coulsdon see Old Coulsdon
Coulton, G. G.
Council of Constance
Court of Augmentations
Court of Common Council
Coverdale, Miles
assists Robert Barnes in trial
interpreter at trial of George van Parris
pupil of Robert Barnes
work of biblical translation
Coxe, Dr
Cranmer, Thomas
arraigned for high treason
at burning of John Forest
at coronation of Edward VI
at funeral of Edward VI
at trial of George van Parris
at trial of John Lambert
at trial of Stephen Gardiner