by Koven, Seth
gentleman, 28, 42, 45, 168, 234. See also manliness; masculinity
George Yard Ragged School, Whitechapel, 96
girls: Meade on, 216; education of, 216
Girton College, Cambridge, 174, 216
Gladstone, Helen: as head of Women’s University Settlement, 10
Gladstone, William, 10, 26, 94, 123
Glasier, Katharine Bruce: on dirt, 347n44 “glorified spinster,” 199, 224
Glover, Montagu: photographic archive of, 330n127
Gordon, Gen. Charles, 173
Gordon, George William: and Jamaica, 62
Gore, Rev. Charles, 251
Gore, Fred: on Oxford House, 280
Gore-Booth, Eva, 203
Gower, Lord Ronald Sutherland: and sexual slumming, 71
Grant, Clara: at Toynbee Hall, 363n86
Greater London Council: abolition of, 282
Green, John Richard, 240; on women charity workers, 361n54
Green, Thomas Hill, 15; and settlements, 239–240, 360n50
Greenhall, David, 53
Greenwood, Frederick: on Barnardo, 113; editorial by, on casual wards, 47; and Lancet, 34, 302n6; and “A Night,” 308n73; on officials’ incompetence, 309n79; and Pall Mall Gazette, 25, 31, 32; as reformer, 51
Greenwood, James, 19, 25–55, 56, 59–72, 74–77, 80–87, 109, 152, 161, 186; on advertisements for young male companions, 309n74; and Arnold, 75; and Banks, 157–158, 177; and bathing, 39– 41; and Bittlestone, 36; costume of, 37; ethics of, 284; as hero of poor, 55; on juvenile vagrants, 90; and Kay, 44; literary production of, 31, 60; on prostitution, 31; and race, 62; and “Real Casual,” 67; social background of, 10, 31; on Sodom and sodomy, 43, 285; theatricality of, 64; on Wrens of Curragh, 31, 304n24
Grenfell, Wilfred, 126–127, 252
Grey, George, 62; midnight inspection by, 49
Gruner, Alice, 208
guardsmen: and male prostitution in London, 70–71
Guild and School of Handicraft, 230, 265–268, 277
Guild of the Brave Poor Things, 35, 201
Gull, Cyril: on slumming by novelists, 295–296n24
Haddon, Caroline, 16
Hall, Catherine: on separate spheres, 345n10
Halsted, Denis, 127
Halttunen, Karen: on “pornography of pain,” 121
Hamilton, Ernest, 135
Hancorne, John: accusations by, against Barnardo’s Homes, 108; deposition of, 121
Hansard, Rev. Septimus, 256
Harkness, Margaret, 163; and Captain Lobe, 218; as critic of capitalism, 169; as critic of philanthropy, 167; as editor of “Tempted London,” 166; as glorified spinster, 199; as journalist, 178; on Lambeth casual ward, 65; on Oxford House and Toynbee Hall, 259; scholarship about, 340n96; and sex, 167; slum journalism of, 141; social background of, 197
Harmsworth, Alfred, 194
Haroun al Raschid, 61
Harris, José: on two class models, 297n34
Hart, Ernest: biographical information about, 301n1; on workhouse infirmaries, 25, 34
Haweis, Mrs. H. R.: on the American girl, 172
Hazlewood, Colin: The Casual Ward (1866), 52
Headlam, Rev. Stewart, 256; marriage of, 257; and Oscar Wilde, 257
Hearst, William Randolph, 146
hedonism: philanthropic, 16
Hellenism: and homosexuality, 357n100
Hendrick, Harry: on poor children as victims and threats, 325n70
Hennock, E. P.: on periodization of history of social thought, 304n18
Henson, Rev. Herbert Hensley, 249
Hertzog, J.B.M.: and South Africa, 280
heterodox sexuality: men’s, 259, 279. See also homoeroticism; homosexuality; same-sex desire, male; same-sex desire, between women; sexual dissidence heterosexuality, 199–201, 275
Hicks, John, 144
Higgs, Mary: on dirt, 217; and sex, 189; use of incognito by, 188–189
High Anglicanism: of Oxford House, 21
High Churchmanship: at Keble College, 242; at Oxford House, 260, 268
Higher Criticism, 250
Hill, Alsager Hay, 91
Hill, Octavia: and COS, 59, 100; on homes of the poor, 197; and Oxford House, 242
Hilton, Marie: on virtues of the poor, 346n32
Himmelfarb, Gertrude: on Barnardo, 89, 319n5; and neo-victorianism, 89; on Toynbee Hall, 374n199
Hinton, Howard: scandal surrounding, 17
Hinton, James, 14–18; on altruism, 179; on class-mixing, 15; disciples of, 16; on eros and altruism, 14; followers of, 17; and Metaphysical Society, 299n46; opacity of, 17; posthumous rumors about, 17; and Ruskin, 299n49; sexual and social ethics of, 15; social ethics of, 15; on slumming, 14; on women’s sexual needs, 15
Hinton, Margaret, 16, 298n45
Hobhouse, Rosa Waugh: on housework, 190
Hobhouse, Stephen, 190
Hodson, Alice Lucy: on dirt, 192, 193, 196, 198, 217
Holland, Rev. George, 96
Holland, Rev. Henry Scott, 248: Walter Carey’s admiration for, 289; on rough London, 252–254; on Ruskin, 233; on slum squalor, 253
home economics, 225
homeless poor: removal of, from streets, 34
homelessness: government policies on, 67; and homosexuality, 19, 73, 86; Oxford House shelter for, 243. See also Metropolitan Houseless Poor Act; “Night in a Workhouse, A”; vagrancy
homoeroticism: and aestheticism, 250; among women, 203; cross-class, 70; and cross-class brotherhood, 239; in Down and Out, 83–84; and men’s settlement house movement, 260; and men’s slumming, 269; in People of the Abyss; and “A Night,” 44, 46, 70; and poetry, 271; at Toynbee Hall, 263; and women slum reformers
homogenic passion, 219
homophobia: in Orwell’s Down and Out, 84; in Worby’s The Other Half, 86
homosexuality: case study of, 275; criminalization of, 72; and homelessness, 19, 31; as sexological category, 274; and sexology, 276; and tramp sub–culture, 83–84
homosocial institutions, 83, 234; for men, 152, 229, 248, 259; for women, 152, 192, 196, 201, 203
homosociality: Eve Sedgwick on, 370n162
Hopkins, Ellice: on social purity, 16
Houlbrook, Matt: on cross-class sex between men, 319n215; on queer London, 308n63
housekeeping: and philanthropic women, 190; urban, 10
housing reformers: women as, 191
Housman, A. E., 271, 272
How, Rev. William Walsham, 242
Howlett, Carole, 134
Hoxton, 190, 218, 226, 227
Hughes, Mary, 191; on poverty, 190
Hughes, Thomas, 190
humanitarianism, 130; of Exeter Hall, 62; sensibility of, 121
Humphrey, Mrs., 154
Huxley, Aldous, 226
Hyde Park: demonstrations in, of laundresses, 165
hygiene: taboos surrounding, 40
Hyndman, Henry Myers, 301n64; on slumming, 8; on women’s philanthropy, 201
hysteria, 153, 223; and college girls, 171
Image, Selwyn: on “St. Barnett,” 359n44
imperial manhood: historiography of, 375n202
imperialism: and adventure, in James Greenwood’s writings, 61; and Carey, in South Africa, 279–280; domestic, 283; and Jamaica, 62–63; and Morant, 254; and slumming, 21
impurity: among men, 168
“In the Bath” (Doré), 78–80
incarnational theology: at Oxford House, 251
incest: in Miss Brown, 211; in one-room tenements, 158
incognito: and investigative journalism, 61; Stanley’s use of, 54; as tool of social investigation, 38. See also disguise
incognito slumming, 20, 76, 150; by Banks, 140–141, 145–146, 157–158, 166; by Charles Booth, 156; by Higgs, 188–189; by Jack London, 82; by Potter, 13
indecent assault: policing of, 38
Independent: and Barnardo, 89
Independent Labour Party, 234
India: English women’s philanthropic work in, 195–196; and Royden, 1
95
Indian Civil Service, 254
Ingilby, Sir Henry, 5
Ingram, Arthur Foley Winnington. See Winnington Ingram, Rev. Arthur Foley
Inland Medical Mission to China: of Hudson Taylor, 88
International Congress of Women, 164
interviewing: and gender, 151; rise of, as journalistic technique, 151
inversion: psychological case study of, 275
Ireland: prostitution in, 31
Irish: emigration of, to London, 232, 255
Jack the Ripper, 1, 128
Jamaica: rebellion in (1865), 47, 62
James, Henry: on the American girl, 171; on “passion” for charity, 5; and Vernon Lee, 206, 214, 215, 222. See also Princess Casamassima, The
James, William, 206; on college settlements and empire, 21
Jay, Rev. Arthur Osborne, 217, 255–257, 262; as depicted in A Child of the Jago, 367n121
Jebb, Eglantyne, 135
Jerome, Jennie, 170
Jerrold, Blanchard, 74, 76–78
Jerrold, Douglas, 152
Jews: in London, 171; Potter disguised as, 13; sweated labor of, in New York City, 148; in Whitechapel, 272
jingoism, 162
“John Morden,” 70
Jones, Rev. Harry: on slum philanthropy, 295n24
journalism: American style, 141; and gender, 20, 141, 151, 153; as philanthropy, 160, 161; professional societies of, 152; rise of interview in, 151; sensational, 141; and slumming, 169; and women, 141; women in, according to Banks, 146
journalists: as bohemians, 31; as philanthropists, 49; social authority of, 51, 155; as social observers, 48, 163–169
Jowett, Benjamin, 254
Kaplan, Morris, 269
Katherine Buildings, 199; lady visitors to, 13
Kay: Greenwood’s description of, 44; Greenwood’s relation to, 48; and “A Night,” 83, 86; as object of male same-sex desire, 72; Pitt as, 53; Symonds’s poem about, 71
Kay, John P.: on sanitary reform, 184
Kay-Shuttleworth, Sir John P. See Kay, John P.
Keating, Peter: on “A Night,” 27, 362n7
Keble College, Oxford, 242–243
Keble, Rev. John, 232
Kilburn, Rev. Ernest Edward, 263
Kimmins, Charles W.: wedding ceremony of, 201
Kimmins, Grace Hannam, 200; wedding ceremony of, 201
King, Bolton: on women at Toynbee Hall, 249
King, Rev. Edward, 243
Kings College, Cambridge, 264
Kingsley, Charles, 209
Kingsley Hall, Bow, 196
Kingsley, Mary: as anti-suffragist, 150
Kipling, Rudyard, 129; on American society, 170; on American women, 172; William James on, 21
Kirk, John, 32
Knight-Bruce, Rev. G. W., 243
Knott, Rachel, 135
labor aristocracy: as social category, 11
labor relations: and match girls, 165
Labouchere amendment (1885), 72
Labouchere, Henry: on Barnardo, 113
Labour party, 287
Ladies at Work, 152
Ladies Sanitary Society, Manchester, 186
lady bountiful, 20, 131
Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, 135, 192
Lady Margaret Hall Settlement, 202. See also women’s settlements
Lambert, Rev. Brooke, 228–229
Lambeth casual ward, 26, 42, 163, 285; as brothel for men and boys, 47; Farnall’s inspection of, 311n103; James Greenwood’s account of, 36–46; queerness of, 48
Lambeth: vestrymen of, 54–55
Lancet, 34; and workhouse infirmaries, 25 Landscape for a Good Woman (Steedman, 1987), 197
Lane, Christopher: on queer theory, 373n184
Lang, Rev. Cosmo Gordon: on Oxford House and Toynbee Hall, 241, 251
Langridge, Edith, 196
Lansbury, George: as critic of slum philanthropy, 286; on Toynbee Hall, 286; on Toynbee Hall and Oxford House, 286–287
laundresses: Banks on, 165–166
laundry trade: Banks on, 165; conditions in, 150, 166; politics of, 165
Laurie, Arthur, 265, 266
Lee, Vernon, 205, 222; bohemianism of, 205; as critic of aestheticism, 213; diary of, 209, 223; on dirt, 208; and Henry James, 214; on morbid, 209; on novel as genre, 209; on Oscar Wilde, 208; social background of, 206
Legge, Hugh: on rough lads, 265
lesbianism: hiddenness of, 221; and Vernon Lee, 213; subculture of, in London, 214
Leslie, Marion, 156
Lester, Doris: on dirt, 190
Lester, Muriel: on East End Poverty, 189; on Olive Schriner, 205; as pacifist and internationalist, 195; radicalism of, 190, 196
Levy, Amy, 163, 208, 298n43
Liddell, Alice: as photographic subject, 118
Lidgett, Rev. John Scott, 201, 202
Light, Alison, 235
Lima, Peru: Banks in, 144–145
Link: and London matchgirls, 162; slumming condemned by, 8
Linton, Eliza Lynn, 208
living wage, 196
Lloyd George, David: and slumming, 1 Lloyd’s Weekly: on Barnardo’s Arbitration, 129; and Blanchard Jerrold, 77
Loane, Martha Jane, 194
local government: and amateur ideals, 38; incompetence of, 55; women in, 187
localism: in poor relief, 34
Loch, Charles, 91; charity according to, 101; Christian and scientific principles of, 100–101
Locket, Winifred, 202
lodging houses: abuses in, 67; incognito investigation of, 88; as licensed casual wards, 55; sexual license in, 42
London: Americanization of, 171–172; anxieties about local government in, 35; dirtiness of, 185; in 1866, 32–35; ethnic groups in, 171; government of, and Metropolitan Asylums Board, 63; government of, and uniform rates, 67; Harkness’s representation of, 167–168; as imperial metropolis, 35; importance of, 35, 306n44; lesbian subculture of, 214; local government in, 55; local government structure of, 305n35; as mystery, 38; Oxford’s obligation to, 10; political and sexual economy of, 168; sexual dangers of, for young people, 166; as sexual vortex, 168
London: A Pilgrimage (1872), 76–80
London County Council (LCC): care committees of, 225; inspectors of, 11; and male settlers’ roles in, 231
London Daily News: on workhouses as public brothels, 55–56
London High Society: Banks’s exposé on, 170
London Hospital, 126, 127, 128
London, Jack, 74, 80, 180; manliness of, 81; and photography, 143; as slum explorer, 27; use of documentary photography by, 331n6
London Life and Labour, 27
London Observer: on sensational journalism, 51
London Review: on “A Night,” 26
London Zoo, 127
Lowder, Rev. Charles, 94, 255
Lux Mundi (1889), 251
lynching: Banks’s defense of, 176
Macadam, Elizabeth, 203
McClintock, Anne: on anachronistic space, 312n120
McIntosh, William, 69
McKinley, William, 146, 149
McMillan, Margaret, 185, 203, 288; and child welfare, 197
McMillan, Rachel, 203
Macpherson, Annie, 96
magazines: evangelical, 151; for women, 151
“Maiden Tribute,” 130; as press sensation, 27
male breadwinner, 61, 73
male casuals: eroticization of, 80; visual images of, 28, 78. See also workhouse casuals
male sexual violence: against women, 187; Higg’s fear of, 189
Malthus, Rev. Thomas: political economic principles of, 57
Malvery, Olive Christian, 180
“Man with the Twisted Lip, The” (Conan Doyle, 1892), 61
Manchester: as industrial shock-city, 35
Manchester Statistical Society: report by, on public baths, 40
“manly man:” at Oxford House, 252; Dolling as, 257
manliness: bourgeois, 240, 252, 254; Christian, according to Scott
Holland, 253; debates about, 174; and unemployment, 73
Manning, Rev. Henry Edward, 2
Mansfield House, 203
Marcella, 220
Marks, Bernard Samuel, 117
marriage: among slum workers at Bermondsey settlement, 200; freedom from, 201; in Miss Brown, 212–213
Martin, Anna, 201–203, 224; on dirt, 196
Marx, Eleanor, 163
Marx, Karl, 164
masculinity: Adderley on, 2–3; Barnett’s vision of, 240; codes of, at Oxford House and Toynbee Hall, 248–259; in Doré’s image of the poor, 80; and economic independence, 61; of homeless men, 62; of male reformers, 229; at Toynbee Hall, 240; and unemployment, 72–73
masquerades: cross-class, 141; Doré’s penchant for, 77; as workhouse casual, 53. See also incognito slumming
mass press: of 1890s, 162; and Elizabeth Banks, 164
masturbation: and blackmail, 166
matchgirls: Black on, 165; and British Weekly, 167; and strike, 167, 339n87
mateship: among poor men, 83–84; among women, 218
Maurice, 220; representation of slum benevolence in, 275; role of settlement in, 275
Maurice, Frederick Denison: and Carpenter, 235; on Chartism, 233; and Christian Socialism, 239, 242; on fraternity, 232; on social hierarchy, 233; theology of, 231
Maurice Hostel, 218, 226
Mayhew, Henry: on London destitution, 26; slum journalism of, 27
Mayne, Sir Richard: inspection by, of casual wards, 49
Meade, Mrs. L. T., 205; on dangers of social realism, 221; and evangelical charity, 216; on novels as genre, 216; as professional writer and editor, 215; reputation of, 220; as Ruskin’s “Queen,” 207; social background of, 215
Mearns, Rev. Andrew: on slums, 27
medical care: for the poor, 63
Medical Inspection of School Children Act (1907), 132, 225, 228
medievalism: in religious processions, 255; in Victorian culture, 235
Men and Women’s Club: romances in, 300n62
men’s clubs, 235
Merrick, Joseph, 93, 124–129, 133; as object of metropolitan charity, 126; use of corpse of, 129
Merrill, Fannie, 157
Merrill, George, 235, 264
Methodism: benevolent networks of, in London, 200
Metropolitan Association for Befriending Young Servants (MABYS), 193
Metropolitan Asylums Board: creation of, in 1867, 63
Metropolitan Houseless Poor Act (1864/5), 32, 49; and COS, 59; impact of, on behavior of homeless, 69; maladministration of, 66; violations of, 54