Bonnie Prince Charlie: Charles Edward Stuart (Pimlico)
Page 90
Personality, character and attributes of: personality of, 74–6, 552–3, 555; physical appearance of, 60, 73, 486, 490–1; intellectual abilities of, 72, 352, 553; wit and humour of, 33, 160–1, 282, 283, 309, 490, 553, 555; intellectual interests of, 60, 344–5; love of books of, 519–21; love of music of; 60, 74, 311, 482, 520; love of theatre and opera, 60–1, 482, 540; attitude of, to religion, 46, 348–9, 399, 407, 422, 428–9, 453–4, 470, 476, 481, 502; as hunter, 31, 47, 59–60, 272, 333–4, 461, 467, 482; as dancer, 30, 52, 55–7, 61, 144, 162, 204, 235, 304, 375; as golf player, 28; appeal of, for women, 55, 73, 148–9, 162–3, 186, 264, 280, 489; difficulties of, in forming satisfactory relationships with women, 46, 73, 161, 162–3, 204, 216, 235–6, 243–4, 247–8, 305, 347, 393–4, 521–2; merciful and compassionate nature of, 154–5, 159–61, 213, 282, 309, 336, 365–6, 405, 464, 465; psychological problems (guilt, depression, paranoia); 74–5, 98, 196, 204, 212, 215–17, 235–6, 246–7, 258, 261, 263–4, 267, 269, 273, 281, 292, 297, 301, 304–5, 312, 321, 325, 333, 334, 335, 347, 361, 364, 393, 414, 430, 431–2, 433, 478, 482–3, 507, 519, 520, 524, 549, 553, 554; illnesses of, 29, 31, 35, 37, 44, 60, 81, 113, 203–4, 214, 224, 226–7, 232–3, 367–8, 422, 434–5, 439, 455; suffers from seasickness, 41, 121, 267; liking of for alcohol, and alcoholism, 123, 269–71, 273, 285–6, 302–3, 306, 316, 333–4, 421, 433, 434–5, 437, 440–1, 447, 453, 455, 459–60, 463, 467, 482–3, 484, 485, 504, 513, 521, 524, 538; financial problems of, 104–6, 117–18, 141, 169, 233–5, 316–17, 419, 434–5, 441, 455, 464, 484, 488, 492, 502, 506–8, 516, 526–7, 530, 531–2, 535; legatee of Sobieski fortune, 104–6; political abilities of, 552; strategic and tactical abilities of, 173, 241–3, 249–61; 552; and the American Revolution, 510, 518–19, 530; self-destructive tendencies of, 199–200, 212, 214, 235–6, 239, 251, 261, 297, 312, 323, 325, 352, 361, 406, 412, 421, 461, 470, 508; as master of disguise, 385
Relationships: with women, see Duchesse de Montbazon, Duchesse d’Aiguillon, Princesse de Talmont, Clementina Walkinshaw, Louise of Stolberg, and Clementina Sobieska; with men, see James Stuart, Henry Stuart, Lord George Murray, Earl Marischal Keith, duke of Berwick, Louis XV
Charles XII of Sweden, 310, 362, 461, 517
Charlotte Stuart, duchess of Albany, 422, 423, 425–6, 427, 432, 439, 440, 441, 448, 450, 455, 456, 457, 459, 465, 503–4, 539–50
Chauvelin, Germain Louis de Grisenoy, 34
Chisholms, 178
Choiseul, Joseph de, marquis de Stainville, 344, 381, 449–54, 456, 465, 472, 477, 478, 481–2, 492–3, 533
Clancarty, Robert MacCarty, earl of, 315, 317, 447
Clanranald, clan, 120, 128, 129–30, 133, 148, 153, 170, 177, 178, 223, 228, 239, 240, 256, 280, 281, 282, 283, 290, 292
Clanranald, Ranald of (‘Young Clanranald’), 130, 131, 135, 136, 156, 178, 179, 181, 188, 212, 256, 266, 268, 291–2, 293
Clare, Charles O’Brien, viscount, 114, 121, 234, 401, 404, 408, 424
Clement XII, Pope, 30, 32, 38, 44, 45, 47, 50, 57, 67–8, 532–3
Clement XIII, Pope, 470–9, 482, 483–4, 486
Clement XIV, pope, 486–7, 493–4, 497–8, 500–1, 503
Clifton, skirmish at, 198–9, 226
Cope, Sir John, 125, 126, 136–40, 143, 144, 146, 147–8, 149–50, 151–6, 158, 161, 169, 174, 195, 202, 214
Cordara, Giulio, 59, 533
Corradale, the prince on, 271–6, 277, 278, 280
Corriearrack pass, 137–9, 147, 149
Corsica, 70, 384, 434
Cotton, Sir John Hynde, 70–1, 172, 173, 189
Craon, Marc de Beavau, Prince de, 61, 290
Crieff, 138, 220–1, 222, 409
Cromarty, George Mackenzie, earl of, 202, 222, 228, 234, 239
Cruise, father John, 107, 404
Culloden, battle of, 143, 151, 181, 226, 237, 239, 240–61, 263, 274, 281, 289, 292, 296, 303, 309, 325, 334, 355, 370, 436, 464, 470, 480, 483, 557
Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of, 48, 126, 154, 159, 174, 181, 186, 187, 188, 191, 194, 196, 197, 198, 199, 212, 213, 214–15, 216, 218, 219, 220, 222, 225–6, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231–2, 233, 235, 236–60, 263, 265, 268, 274, 275, 284, 287, 289, 290, 300, 301, 304, 309, 321, 335, 344, 396, 397, 398, 400, 464, 557
Daniel, John, 185, 224–5, 257
Defoe, Daniel, 63, 64
Derby, 143, 163, 180, 186, 187–96, 198, 200, 203, 205, 212, 217, 247, 312, 334, 459, 493, 519, 553, 556
Diderot, Denis, 290, 310
Drummond, Lord John, 202, 203, 206, 207, 210, 211, 222, 226, 227, 230, 231, 238, 242, 244, 245, 246, 252, 255, 256, 271, 274, 311
Dunbar, see Murray, James of Stormont
Dundee, 141, 175
Dunkirk, 89, 90, 93, 94, 102, 108, 405, 417
Dutch, 168, 174, 202, 451, 519
Edgar James, 21, 24, 26, 28, 44–5, 47, 58, 74, 113, 333, 419, 421, 431, 432, 437, 438, 444, 447, 464, 480
Edinburgh, 120, 125, 134, 137, 134, 138, 144, 145–50, 155, 156–63, 168, 169, 170, 171, 181, 182, 186, 188, 201, 202, 203, 204, 207, 211, 212, 214, 219, 224, 226, 235, 283
Eguilles, Alexandre de Boyer, marquis d’, 165–70, 184, 185, 197, 199, 211, 224, 230, 250, 324
Eigg (island), 267, 273, 275
Elcho, David Wemyss, Lord, 60, 90, 112, 141, 148, 156, 157, 159, 162, 172, 199, 206, 207, 220, 252, 258, 262, 263, 266–7, 271, 274, 275, 452, 549; Elcho’s Lifeguards, 162, 182, 184, 198, 203, 207, 208, 219, 222, 230, 257
Elizabeth Petrovna, czarina, 324, 411
English Jacobites, 89–90, 92–3, 170–2, 173, 186, 187, 188–9, 193–4, 396, 397–413, 420, 423, 427, 428–9, 433, 436, 441, 442, 445, 451, 463–4
Episcopalianism, 125, 126
Eriskay, 128–30, 267
Falkirk, 143, 145, 203, 207, 216, 219; battle of, 207–11, 213–14, 217, 226, 228, 233, 247, 251, 252, 254
Farquharson clan, 178, 202, 203, 221
Fassifern, John Cameron of, 132, 137, 409
Fénelon, François de Salignac de la Mothe, Archbishop of Cambrai, 2, 12
Fergusson, Captain John, 159, 271, 275, 278, 279, 283, 289
Ferrand, Elisabeth, 378–9, 386, 388, 389, 390, 394, 396–7, 419–20
Ferrara, 55, 381
Fielding, Henry, 63, 191, 519, 520
Finale, 84–6
Fitzjames, Charles, maréchal duc de, 488, 493, 494–6, 498, 502, 506, 507, 508, 528
Florence, 56, 57, 69, 477, 489, 490, 493, 505, 509, 510, 511–45
Fontenoy, battle of, 126, 136, 203
Forbes, Duncan of Culloden, Lord President, 126, 134, 143, 160, 161, 162, 169, 174, 177, 226, 228
Fort Augustus, 120, 137, 202, 226–7, 231, 284, 289, 292, 294, 296, 298, 299
Fort William, 134–5, 136, 137, 222, 227, 233, 235, 237, 240, 262, 294
Fortrose, see Mackenzie
France and the Jacobites (see also Louis XV), 1–2, 15, 25, 26, 32, 34, 37, 43, 48, 49, 64, 65, 66–9, 70–1, 77–122, 125, 126, 132–33, 156, 161, 163, 165, 166–8, 169, 179, 174, 175, 188, 189, 192–3, 195, 197, 203, 214, 215, 221, 225, 226, 227, 233, 234, 235, 236, 250, 274–5, 277, 298, 301, 306–7, 310, 314–15, 335, 348–68, 395, 400, 401, 402, 406, 408, 411, 412, 431, 437–8, 440, 441–5, 447–54, 455–8, 472, 476, 478, 487, 492–3, 500, 506–8, 519, 530–2
Frascati, 84, 482, 483, 487, 526, 537, 549
Fraser, clan (see also Lord Lovat), 137, 160, 164, 170, 202, 203, 239
Frederick II (‘the Great’) of Prussia, 71, 72, 103, 308, 348–9, 354–5, 379, 383, 391, 400, 401–2, 404, 406, 408, 410–12, 429, 430, 431, 500, 549
Freemasonry, 532–5, 548
Gaeta, siege of, 38–42; (mentioned) 43, 47, 48, 54, 57
Genoa, 30, 52, 82, 84, 88, 527
George II, King, 55, 92, 125, 134, 144, 173, 191, 192, 193, 212, 308, 315, 335, 349, 352, 356, 396, 397, 400, 403, 405, 407, 461
George III, King, 461, 478, 501, 515
Geraldin, Sir Thomas, 121, 320, 322
Gesvres, François Joachim Bernard Potier, duc de, 353–6, 358
Ghent, 397, 407, 416–21, 422, 427, 440
Glasgow, 120, 125, 138, 145, 161, 170, 201–3, 204, 209
Glenaladale, Alexander MacDonald of, 130, 292–7, 302
Glenbucket, John Gordon of, 66, 135, 156, 164, 176, 180, 222, 348; Glenbucket’s regiment, 182, 184, 257
Glencoe, Alexander MacDonald of, 131, 156, 177, 181; Glencoe MacDonalds, 120, 138, 153
Glenfinnan, 133, 135–7, 139, 149, 215, 293, 294
Glengarry, Alasdair Ruadh MacDonell of (‘young Glengarry’), 145, 175, 178, 202, 211, 213, 241
Glengarry, MacDonells of, clan, 120, 131, 133, 134, 137, 148, 153, 156, 170, 177, 178, 179, 198, 211, 228, 241, 253, 295, 296, 299
Glenmoriston, ‘Seven Men of’, 296–302, 305
Gordon, Abbé John, 456, 458, 460, 463, 465, 468, 488, 507, 540, 541
Gordons, clan, 161, 202
Gordon, Lord Lewis, 156, 161, 175, 182, 202, 203, 208, 221, 348
Goring, Sir Henry, 362, 366, 384, 388, 392, 396, 402, 403, 406, 407, 411, 412, 418–19, 422, 424, 427–30, 436
Graeme, Sir John, 100, 107, 109, 348–9, 358, 379, 403, 438
Grants, clan, 137, 138, 140, 150, 169, 170, 180, 202, 226, 238, 296
Gravelines, 90–2, 96, 98, 100, 102
Gray, Thomas, 61
Guest, General Joshua, 146
Gustav III, King of Sweden, 530–6, 539, 541, 545
Hamilton, Ezekiel (‘Zeckie’), 43, 532
Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, earl of, 63
Harrington, Sir James, 317, 348, 362, 366, 379, 416
Hawley, General Henry (‘Hangman’), 159, 190, 202, 203, 206, 207–11, 214, 465
Hay, John, titular earl of Inverness, 11, 12, 16–17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 26, 28, 30, 31, 32, 38, 58, 72, 375
Hay, John of Restalrig, 161, 212–13, 235, 239, 241, 246, 257, 480, 485, 489
Hebrides, 267–88
Helvétius, Claude Adrien, 310, 388, 390, 520
Henry Benedict, Cardinal Duke of York (later ‘Henry IX’, Cardinal-King), 15, 21, 27, 28, 58, 105, 372, 482, 489, 492, 494, 503, 554; birth of, 14; christened by the Pope, 18; James’s favourite son, 32–3, 36, 44, 47, 75, 315, 317, 326, 328, 357, 469; personality of, 59, 73–4; physical appearance of, 74; musical ability of, 60, 311; interest in theatre of, 61; as dancer, 61; religious mania of, 74; homosexual personality of, 74–5, 327, 333; excluded from the secret of Charles Edward’s departure from Rome (1744), 83, 84; in France during and after 1745, 166, 233, 310; discredited by Kelly, 313, 315–16, 317; fear of women of, 316, 317, 325–8; upstaged by his brother on proposed Spanish trip, 317–18; relations with Louis XV, 327, 329; decides to become a cardinal, 327–28; becomes cardinal, 329–33; rifts with Charles Edward in France, 312–17, 323, 439; later rifts with his brother, 459, 462, 469; and with James when cardinal, 467–69; presses for papal recognition of his brother as ‘Charles III’, 473–5, 479; reconciliations with his brother, 466, 471, 529; recognizes his brother as ‘Charles III’, 479; as bishop of Frascati, 487; backs Louise of Stolberg against his brother, 525–6, 543–4; and Alfieri, 529–30; rift with Louise of Stolberg, 535–7; relations with Charlotte, duchess of Albany, 543–55, 546–7; relations with Charles Edward (general), 32–3, 36, 44–5, 73–5, 83, 305, 310–33, 344, 376, 439, 443, 459, 462, 469, 482–4, 485, 527, 539, 545–6, 548–50, 556
Hesse, Friedrich Wilhelm II, Prince of, 225–6, 229
Holker, John, 398, 399, 406, 453, 457, 488, 549
Holland (see also Dutch), 103, 411, 416
Hume, David, 345, 368
Huske, General John, 207, 209–10
Inverness, earl of, see Hay, John
Inverness (place), 134, 137, 139, 144, 146, 147, 170, 174, 202, 213, 221, 223, 224, 226, 228, 230, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 240, 241, 249, 250, 258, 274, 289, 294, 300, 395
Inverurie, rout of, 202, 224, 230
Jacobite Council of War, 156–8, 168–75, 185–6, 186–7, 187–90, 199, 220–1, 242–3
Jacobitism (see also Episcopalianism; English Jacobites; Scotland), 63–6, 149, 163, 176–81
James II, King of England, 1, 5, 10, 121, 476, 541
James Francis Edward (‘James III’), the old Pretender, 204, 313, 325, 339, 384, 394, 395, 397, 407, 416, 446, 468, 476, 481, 497, 532; birth of, 1; recognized by Louis XIV as de jure king James III, 1; youth of, 2; and quietism, 2; and 1715 rising, 2; and 1719 rising, 4; marriage of, to Clementina Sobieska, 4, 6–7; and Charles Edward’s rearing and education, 8–16, 23–4, 33–4; marital rift with Clementina, 16–22, 24, 65; in Bologna, 23–5, 26–9; in Lorraine and Avignon, 25–6; in Parma and Piacenza, 27; breakdown of marriage of, 30, 32, 33, 35; and Henry, 32–33, 36, 44, 47, 75, 166, 315–33; and Gaeta campaign, 38–9, 42–5; and wife’s illness and death, 45–6; appoints Charles Edward to his council, 71; harmful legacy of, to his son, 75–6, 157–8; last sight of Charles Edward, 83; financial problems of, 104–6, worries about Scottish campaign, 112–13, 117–18; and Highland clans, 179–80; resentment of Sheridan, 119, 313; during the ’45, 275, 305; urges marriage on Charles Edward, 323–4; and scheme to make Henry a cardinal, 328–33; and relations with Louis XV, 77–83, 102, 114–15, 330, 351, 354, 357–8, 369, 442; and Henry as Cardinal, 467–9; and flight of Clementina Walkinshaw, 455–6, 458, 461–2; death of, 462–3, 470–1, 473; correspondence to and from Charles Edward, 29, 42–5, 95, 99, 102, 112–13, 116–17, 118, 121, 144, 317–18, 319, 328, 343, 351, 354, 357–8, 437–54, 462; conflict with and criticism of Charles Edward, 33, 34, 35, 36, 42–5, 47, 49, 56, 57–9, 75, 98, 123, 313, 315–16, 317–18, 320, 323, 329–33, 351, 354, 357–8, 413, 420, 435, 437–54; despised by Charles Edward, 99–100, 119, 123, 323, 332, 334–5, 351, 369–70, 432, 554, 556
Keith, George, last hereditary earl Marischal of Scotland, 19, 20, 31, 43, 67–8, 72, 75, 90, 98, 100, 107, 108, 109, 121, 133, 168, 312, 324, 401–4, 407, 408, 409, 410–11, 412, 436, 463, 486, 532, 549, 557; relations with Charles Edward, 94–7, 99, 108, 119, 142, 335, 342, 379, 382, 394, 400, 402, 408–9, 411, 412–13, 420–1, 425, 427–31, 433; relations with James, 96, 108, 402
Kelly, George, 58, 107, 109, 119, 128, 156, 236, 334, 343, 348, 354, 358, 378, 394, 455, 464, 470; ascendancy of, 109–10, 117, 311–19, 324–5, 443
Kendal, 184, 198
Keppoch, Alexander MacDonald of, 131, 133, 145, 148, 156, 170, 177, 188, 212, 216–17, 237, 243, 256, 263; Keppoch’s regiment, 133, 135, 136, 138, 148, 153, 177, 179, 211, 223, 239, 256
Kilmarnock, William Boyd, earl of, 145, 157, 208, 230, 532, 534
King, Dr William 396, 398, 399, 407, 410, 412, 413, 420