1912

by Chris Turney

  Films and Recordings

  Ponting, H. G. 1924. The Great White Silence. British Film Institute (rereleased with new score 2011).

  Ponting, H. G. 1912. With Captain Scott at the South Pole. NFSA 9730.

  Unpublished Sources

  Letter from V. Campbell to Miss V. Campbell, 17 August 1911. SPRI MS 1363/1.

  Letter from L. Darwin to R. F. Scott, 31 June 1909. SPRI MS 145 3/72.

  Letter from E. Evans to J. P. Irven, 5 July 1912. ML DOC 1468.

  Letter from C. Markham to S. Keltie, 1 March 1912. RGS CB7 Box 3 of 3, File 2 of 9, 3/2.

  Letter from R. Skelton to R. F. Scott, 31 March 1910. SPRI MS 342/14/5.

  Letter from R. Skelton to R. F. Scott, 12 June 1907. SPRI MS 342/14/2.

  Letter by R. Skelton regarding motorised sledge design, 11 June 1907. SPRI MS 342/10/1/5.

  Scott, R. F. 1911. Proposed Plans for Southern Journey. SPRI MS MS 1453/28.

  CHAPTER 4: OF REINDEER, PONIES AND AUTOMOBILES

  Books

  Amundsen, R. 1928. My Life as an Explorer. Doubleday, Doran & Co., Inc., New York.

  Amundsen, R. 1912. The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the ‘Fram’, 1910–1912. John Murray, London.

  Amundsen, R. 2010. The Roald Amundsen Diaries: The South Pole Expedition 1910–12. The Fram Museum, Oslo.

  Amundsen, R. 1908. ‘The North West Passage’: Being the Record of a Voyage of Exploration of the Ship ‘Gjoa’ 1903–1907. E.P. Dutton and Co., New York.

  Bomann-Larsen, T. 2006. Roald Amundsen. Sutton Publishing, Stroud.

  Bowman, W. E. 2001. The Ascent of Rum Doodle. Pimlico, London (originally published 1956).

  Huntford, R. 2010. Race to the South Pole: The Expedition Diaries of Scott and Amundsen. Continuum, London.

  Huntford, R. 2009. Scott and Amundsen: Their Race to the South Pole. Abacus, London.

  Journal Articles and Reports

  Amundsen, R. 1913. The Norwegian south polar expedition. Scottish Geographical Journal 29: 1–13.

  Amundsen, R. 1912. Amundsen’s expedition to the South Pole. Bulletin of the American Geographical Society 44: 822–838.

  Barr, W. 1985. Aleksandr Stepanovich Kuchin: the Russian who went south with Amundsen. Polar Record 22: 401–412.

  Brown, R. N. R. 1913. The South Pole: A review. Scottish Geographical Journal 29: 17–22.

  Drewry, D. J., Huntford, R. 1979. Amundsen’s route to the South Pole. Polar Record 19: 329–336.

  Hann, J. 1909. Die meteorologischen ergebnisse der Englischen Antarktischen Expedition, 1901–4. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 26: 289–301.

  Hinks, A. R. 1910. Notes on determination of position near the Poles. Geographical Journal 35: 299–303.

  Mill, H. R. 1913. Review: Amundsen’s ‘South Pole’: A review. Geographical Journal 41: 148–151.

  Mohn, H. 1915. Roald Amundsen’s Antarctic Expedition Scientific Results: Meteorology. Kommission Hos Jacob Dybwad, Kristiania, 78.

  Rees, W. G. 1988. Polar mirages. Polar Record 24: 193–198.

  Shackleton, E., Bruce, W. S. 1913. The Norwegian South Polar expedition: Discussion. Geographical Journal 41: 13–16.

  Newspaper and Magazine Articles

  Anonymous. 1912. Amundsen’s success. Conclusive proof. Professor David’s tribute. Sydney Morning Herald 4 April: 10.

  Anonymous. 1912. Copyright test here interests England. New York Times 21 March: 4.

  Anonymous. 1912. The Uncertain ‘Pole’: Margin of possible error in locating it. Observer 10 March: 9.

  Anonymous. 1912. At random. Observer 10 March: 7.

  Anonymous. 1912. The conquest of the South Pole. The Times 9 March: 8.

  Anonymous. 1912. Captain Amundsen’s achievement. The Times 9 March: 5.

  Anonymous. 1912. The South Pole. Manchester Guardian 8 March: 8.

  Anonymous. 1912. The South Pole discovered: Norwegian explorer reaches coveted goal. Daily Chronicle 8 March: 1.

  Anonymous. 1911. South Pole explorations. National Geographic xxii: 406–409.

  Anonymous. 1909. New polar expedition: Captain Amundsen’s next attempt. Manchester Guardian 26 January: 8.

  Coetzer, C. 2012. South Pole anniversary final week interview with Henry Worsley. Explorersweb, 27 March: www.explorersweb.com/polar/news.php?id=20700

  Films and Recordings

  Norsk Film Institut. 2010. Roald Amundsens Sydpolsferd (1910–1912) (DVD and accompanying book). Norsk Film Institut.

  Unpublished Sources

  Map of South Magnetic Pole and declination to South Pole. NB Brevs. 480A.

  Lantern slides used as part of Roald Amundsen’s 1912 ‘South Polar Expedition’ lecture at the Royal Geographical Society. RGS LS/676.

  Telegram from R. Amundsen to F. Nansen, 7 March 1912. NB Ms. fol. 1924:5,3.

  R. Amundsen South Pole Observations. NB MS. 8˚ 1196:17.

  Letter from R. Amundsen to O. O. Bjaaland, 8 September 1909. NB Brevs 812:3.

  Letter from R. Amundsen to F. Cook, 3 September 1909. NB Brevs 812:3.

  Letter from R. Amundsen to H. Edmonds, 22 July 1910. NB Brevs 812:3.

  Letter from R. Amundsen to H. Edmonds, 13 September 1909. NB Brevs 812:3.

  Letter from R. Amundsen to H. Edmonds, 31 August 1909. NB Brevs 812:3.

  Letter from R. Amundsen to J. S. Keltie, 22 October 1910. NB Brevs 812:3.

  Letter from R. Amundsen to F. Nansen, 22 August 1910. NB Ms. fol. 1924:5,3.

  Letter from R. Amundsen to K. Prestrud, 8 September 1909. NB Brevs 812 3.

  Letter from R. Amundsen to Mr. Reid (BAE Secretary), 16 February 1910. NB Brevs 812 3.

  Letter from L. A. Bauer to R. Amundsen, 5 August 1910. NB Brevs. nr. 812:1.

  Letter from L. A. Bauer to R. Amundsen, 6 December 1909. NB Brevs. nr. 812:1.

  Letter from British Admiralty to L. Amundsen, 11 March 1909. NB Brevs. 812 2b.

  Letter from W. S. Bruce to L. Amundsen, 13 December 1912. NB Brevs. 812:2i.

  Lantern slide used as part of Edgeworth David’s 1914 lecture at the Royal Geographical Society. ‘Plan showing changes in the edge of the Ross Barrier near Amundsen’s headquarters at the Bay of Whales since the time of Scott’s Expedition in the “Discovery” in 1902. The outline of the Bay of Whales in 1911 is after Amundsen.’ RGS LS/333.

  Letter from H. M. W. Edmonds to R. Amundsen, 5 August 1909. NB Brevs. nr. 812:1.

  Letter from H. M. W. Edmonds to R. Amundsen, 1 July 1910. NB Brevs. nr. 812:1.

  Letter from W. Heinemann to F. Nansen, 18 March 1912. NB Ms. fol. 1924 5,3 Mars 1912.

  Letter from W. Heinemann to F. Nansen, 9 March 1912. NB Ms. fol. 1924 5,3 Mars 1912.

  Letter from F. G. Jackson to R. Amundsen, 18 April 1900. NB Brevs 812:1.

  H. Johansen Diary. NB MS. 4˚ 2775:C5.

  Letter from J. S. Keltie to L. Amundsen, 7 October 1912. NB Brevs 812:2i.

  Letter from J. S. Keltie to L. Amundsen, 24 September 1912. NB Brevs 812:2i.

  Letter from J. S. Keltie to R. Amundsen, 4 July 1912. NB Brevs 812:2i.

  Letter from J. S. Keltie to L. Amundsen, 20 April 1912. NB Brevs. 812:2i.

  Letter from J. S. Keltie to L. Amundsen, 9 October 1909. NB Brevs 812:2i.

  Letter from J. S. Keltie to L. Amundsen, 28 July 1909. NB Brevs 812:2i.

  Letter from J. S. Keltie to R. Amundsen, 12 October 1906. NB Brevs 812:2i.

  Letter from C. Markham to S. Keltie, 1 March 1912. RGS CB7 Box 3 of 3, File 2 of 9, 3/2.

  F. Nansen. Scientific Guidance for R. Amundsen, 1901. NB MS. 4° 2670.

  Letter from E. Shackleton to L. Amundsen, 12 July 1911. NB Brevs. nr. 812:1.

  E. Searle. Tasmanian Views. Photographs of Australia, Antarctica and the Pacific, 1911–1915. NLA 3044988.

  CHAPTER 5: THE DASH PATROL

  Books

  Asahina, K. 1973. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition of 1911–12. In Polar Human Biology: The Proceedings of the SCAR/IUPS/IUBS Symposium on Human Biology and Medicine in the Antarct
ic. (O. G. Edholm and E. K. E. Gunderson, eds.) William Heinemann Medical Books, London, 8–14.

  Shirase Antarctic Expedition Supporters’ Association. 2011. The Japanese South Polar Expedition of 1910–12: A Record of Antarctica (Translated into English by Lara Dagnell and Hilary Shibata). Erskine Press and Bluntisham Books, Norwich (originally published in Japanese in 1913 by Nankyoku Tanken Koenkai, Tokyo).

  Toshitaka, S. 2002. Yamato Snow Plain in Antarctica: Shirase’s Expedition Story. Fukuinkan Shoten Publisher, Tokyo.

  Journal Articles and Reports

  Anonymous. 1911. Japanese Antarctic Expedition. Scottish Geographical Journal xxvii: 314–315.

  Anonymous. 1911. Japanese Antarctic Expedition. Scottish Geographical Journal xxvii: 151–152.

  Byrd, R. E., Saunders, H. E. 1933. The flight to Marie Byrd Land: With a description of the map. Geographical Review 23: 177–209.

  Darwin, C. 1839. Note on a rock seen on an iceberg in 61˚S. lat. Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 9: 526–528.

  Hamre, I. 1933. The Japanese South Polar Expedition of 1911–1912: A little-known episode in Antarctic exploration. Geographical Journal 82: 411–423.

  Stevenson III, W. R. 2011. Science, the South Pole, and the Japanese expedition of 1910–1912. Endeavour 35: 160–168.

  Swan, R. A. 1955. Forgotten Antarctic venture: The first Japanese south polar expedition 1911–1912. Walkabout Magazine 21: 31–33.

  Newspaper and Magazine Articles

  Anonymous. 1912. Japanese explorers. Return to Sydney. Sydney Morning Herald 5 April: 8.

  Anonymous. 1912. Japanese return. From Antarctica. Sydney Morning Herald 25 March: 9.

  Anonymous. 1912. The race to the South Pole: News possible at any moment. Manchester Guardian 29 February: 5.

  Anonymous. 1911. Japanese Bound South. Daily Telegraph 20 November: 9.

  Anonymous. 1911. The Australian Antarctic Expedition—Departure of Dr. Mawson. Town and Country Journal 15 November 28.

  Anonymous. 1911. Swore by Buddha they’d find South Pole but Jap expedition was miserable failure. Tacoma Times 28 August: 8.

  Anonymous. 1911. Another dash for the Pole: Count Okuma to raise funds for second venture of Lieut. Shiraze. Japan Times 22 July: 762–763.

  Anonymous. 1911. Spy mania. Daily Telegraph 16 May: 6.

  Anonymous. 1911. Japanese espionage. Clarence and Richmond Examiner 16 May: 5.

  Anonymous. 1911. The mysterious Japs: Vaucluse camp deserted. Sun 15 May: 1 and 5.

  Anonymous. 1911. Antarctic fiasco: Why the Japanese expedition failed. Observer 7 May: 6.

  Anonymous. 1910. The siege of the South Pole: A Japanese expedition. Manchester Guardian 7 June: 7.

  Shirase, N. 1912. The first Japanese Polar Expedition. Independent (New York) 73: 769–773.

  Films and Recordings

  Taizumo, Y. 1912. The Japanese South Polar Expedition. M. Pathe film company, Japan. SAEMM.

  Unpublished Sources

  Telegram from T. W. E. David to N. Shirase. March 1912. SAEMM.

  Japanese map, ‘Present Antarctic Continent with South Polar Regions drawn to illustrate the probable topography as well as the effects of Messrs Amundsen’s and Shirase’s expedition to the Antarctic. By M. Ikeda “Nogakushi” (Chief Scientist to Mr. Shirase’s Antarctic Expedition).’ Received by the Royal Geographical Society 13 June 1913. RGS mr Antarctic S/G.10.

  Letter from S. Keltie to Lord Curzon, 7 September 1912. RGS CB8 1911-20 2 of 7.

  CHAPTER 6: LOCKED IN

  Books

  Filchner, W. 1922. Zum Sechsten Erdteil. Im Verlag Ullstein, Berlin.

  Filchner, W. 1994. To the Sixth Continent: The Second German South Pole Expedition. Bluntisham Books and Erskine Press, Bluntisham (originally published in Berlin, 1922).

  Filchner, W. 1903. Ein Ritt über den Pamir. E. S. Mittler u. Sohn, Berlin.

  Hart, I. B. 2006. Whaling in the Falkland Islands Dependencies 1904–1931: A History of Shore and Bay-Based Whaling in the Antarctic. Pequena, Newton St Margarets.

  Hasle, G. 2008. Isens Menn: Under Fremmed Flagg Vega Forlag, Oslo.

  Lunde, S.-T. 2004. Grytviken: Seen Through a Camera Lens. Institut Minos.

  Murphy, D. T. 2002. German Exploration of the Polar World: A History, 1870–1940. Universty of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.

  Journal Articles and Reports

  Anonymous. 1911. The Monthly Record. Geographical Journal 37: 312–323.

  Anonymous. 1911. The German Antarctic Expedition. The Times 4 January: 5.

  Anonymous. 1904. Gaussberg in the Antarctic. Bulletin of the American Geographical Society 36: 559–560.

  Balch, E. S. 1912. Recent Antarctic discoveries. Bulletin of the American Geographical Society 44: 161–167.

  Barkow, E. 1913. Vorläufiger bericht über die meteorologischen beobachtungen der Deutschen Antarktischen expedition 1911/12. Veröffentlichungen des Königlich Preußischen Meteorologischen Instituts, Berlin, Nr. 265, Abhandlungen Bd. IV. Nr. 11, 11.

  Brennecke, W. 1921. Die ozeanographischen arbeiten der Deutschen Antarktischen Expedition 1911–1912 (Forschungsschiff ‘Deutschland’). Aus dem Arkhiv der Deutschen Seewarte und des Marine-Observatoriums 39: 1–216.

  Brennecke, W. 1914. Deutsche Antarktische Expedition. Die ozeanographischen arbeiten im Weddell-Meer. Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin 2: 118–129.

  Cunningham, S. A. 2005. Southern Ocean circulation. Archives of Natural History 32: 265–280.

  Filchner, W., Przybyllok, E. 1913. The German Antarctic Expedition. Bulletin of the American Geographical Society 45: 423–430.

  Filchner, W. 1911. Denkschrift über die Deutsche Antarktische Expedition. E. S. Mittler & Sohn, Berlin.

  Hamilton, R. V. 1869–1870. On Morrell’s Antarctic voyage in the year 1823, with remarks on the advantages steam will confer on future Antarctic explorers. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London 14: 145–156.

  Holdich, T., Murray, J., Beaumont, L., Buchanan, J. Y., Markham, A. 1904. The German Antarctic Expedition: Discussion. Geographical Journal 24: 148–152.

  Hornik, H., Lüdecke, C. 2007. Wilhelm Filchner and Antarctica. In Steps of Foundation of Institutionalized Antarctic Research Proceedings of the 1st SCAR Workshop on the History of Antarctic Research Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Munich (Germany), 2–3 June, 2005. (C. Lüdecke, ed.) Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung, 52–63.

  Kirschmer, G. 1985. Dokumentation über die Antarktisexpedition 1911/1912 von Wilhelm Filchner. Deutsche Geodätische Kommission, München.

  Mills, E. L. 2005. From Discovery to discovery: the hydrology of the Southern Ocean, 1885–1937. Archives of Natural History 32: 246–264.

  Penck, A. 1914. Antarktische probleme. Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenchaften: 50–69.

  Przybyllok, E. 1913. Deutsche Antarcktische Expedition. Bericht über die tätigkeit nach verlassen von Südgeorgien. Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin 5: 1–17.

  Schott, W. 1987. Early German Oceanographic Institutions, Expeditions and Oceanographers. Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg.

  Newspaper and Magazine Articles

  Anonymous. 1912. The race to the South Pole: News possible at any moment. Manchester Guardian 29 February: 5.

  Anonymous. 1911. The German Antarctic expedition. The Times 4 January: 5.

  Anonymous. 1910. The Antarctic expeditions. The Times 15 July: 10.

  Anonymous. 1910. The Antarctic expeditions: British and German co-operation. Manchester Guardian 13 July: 14.

  Anonymous. 1910. The ethics of exploration. Manchester Guardian 10 March: 7.

  Anonymous. 1910. German expedition to the South Pole: Ambitious plan. Manchester Guardian 7 March: 6.

  Anonymous. 1909. The Scottish Antarctic expedition: Dr. Bruce’s plans. The Times 2 April: 23.

  Anonymous. 1899. The German Antarctic Expedition. Geographical Journal 13: 406–410.

  Mossman
, R. C. 1914. The Weddell Sea: Sir Ernest Shackleton’s plans. The Times January 5: 9–10.

  Unpublished Sources

  Letter from W. Filchner to W. Bruce, 6 July 1911. SPRI MS 101/41/7.

  Letter from W. Filchner to H. R. Mill, 13 January 1911. SPRI MS 100/35/2.

  Letter from W. Filchner to W. Bruce, 29 October 1910. SPRI MS 101/41/2.

  Letter from W. Filchner to H. R. Mill, 15 October 1910. SPRI MS 100/35/1.

  CHAPTER 7: ICE-COLD IN DENISON

  Books

  Ayres, P. 2003. Mawson: A Life. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.

  Bickel, L. 2000. Mawson’s Will: The Greatest Polar Survival Story Ever Written. Steerforth Press, Hanover.

  Crossley, L. 1997. Trial by Ice: The Antarctic Journals of John King Davis. Bluntisham Books and Erskine Press, Bluntisham.

  Davis, J. K. 2007. With the ‘Aurora’ in the Antarctic 1911–1914. Erskine Press and Bluntisham Books, Norwich (Originally published in 1919 by Andrew Melrose Ltd).

  Davis, J. K. 1962. High Latitude. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.

  Flannery, N. R. 2005. This Everlasting Silence: The Love Letters of Paquita Delprat and Douglas Mawson 1911–1914. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.

  Haddelsey, S. 2005. Born Adventurer: The Life of Frank Bickerton, Antarctic Pioneer. Sutton Publishing, London.

  Hayes, J. G. 1928. Antarctica. Richards Press, London.

  Holmes, A. 1965. Principles of Physical Geology. Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd, London.

  Jacka, F., Jacka, E. 1988. Mawson’s Antarctic Diaries. Allen and Unwin, London.

  Laseron, C. F. 1957. South With Mawson. Angus & Robertson, Sydney.

  Marr, J. E. 1903. The Scientific Study of Scenery. Methuen & Co., London.

  Mawson, P. 1964. Mawson of the Antarctic. Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd, London.