by Philipp Blom
Butler Act, 156–157
Butters, Private Harry, 28
Byron, Robert, 224
C
Cabiria, 44
Caldwell, Erskine, 341
Caldwell, Francis, 73
California, 338–341
Cambridge, 29
Camelots du Roi (King’s Hucksters), 209–210
Canetti, Elias, 195–197, 204–206
cannibalism, 293
Capa, Robert, 389–390
capitalism, 202–203, 365
Capone, Alphonse, 64–65, 270
Carbonia, 280
Carlson, Avis, 336
carpet bombing, 386–387
cars, 66–67, 217
Carter, John F., 66
Caruso, Enrico, 2
Casablanca, 350–351
Casares, Maria, 378
case studies, 32
Catalonia, 373, 377–378, 380–382
Cather, Willa, 112
Catholic Church
in Austria, 212–214
in France, 209–210
in Italy, 276–279
Prohibition and, 61
in Spain, 375–376, 378
cattle, 336
Cendrars, Blaise, 181–182
cenotaphs, 36
Central Institute of Work, 185–188
Cepheid, 113, 116–117
Chamberlain, Neville, 324
Les Champs Magnétiques (The Magnetic Fields), 134–135
Chanel, Coco, 221–222
Chaplin, Charlie
Modern Times, 10, 184
in Roaring Twenties, 218–219
Charleston, 67, 220
Chattanooga Times, 151
Cheka, 81–82, 86–87
Chevalier, Maurice, 72
Chicago, 64–65
Chicago Tribune, 380
Chicago World’s Fair (1933), 166
child labor, 271
Chocolate Dandies, 109
Christian Democratic Party, 205–207
Christian fundamentalism
birth of, 155–156
Darwinism and, 157–161
Chrysler Building, 270
Churchill, Winston, 245, 301
Ciano, Count, 383
City Without Jews (Stadt ohne Juden), 203
civil rights activists, 158
Civilization and Its Discontents (1930), 190–194
Clair, René, 140
The Clansman, 52
Classical Symphony, 371
Classicism, 370–371
cleanliness, 367–368
coal mines, 91–94, 319–320
Cocteau, Jean, 371
Cohen, Max, 322–323
Cole, George Douglas, 326
The Collaboration (2013), 310
The Collection (Die Sammlung), 347
collective farms, 287–288
Comanys, Lluis, 381
Comedian Harmonists, 228–229, 254
The Coming Struggle for Power, 325
Comité d’Assistance aux Refugiés, 345
communism
Breton on, 142–143
fear of, 56–57
in Russia, 80–82
Communist International, 387
Communist Party. See also Bolsheviks
in England, 108
in France, 142–143, 208, 211
in Germany, 74
Kronstadt rebellion and, 79–86
Lenin in. See Lenin, Vladimir
March Action by, 90–91
persecution of peasantry by, 86–88
in Russia. See Soviet Union
Stalin in. See Stalin, Joseph
in Vienna, 197
compulsory coordination (Gleichschaltung), 302–305, 312
concrete utopias, 190–194
Conquest, Robert, 291, 295
conscientious objection, 24
Conservative government, 318, 323–324
conservative revolution. See also conservatives
d’Annunzio in, 44, 48, 57–58
race and. See racial discrimination
Spengler and, 45–48
Stoddard and, 55–56
conservatives
in Austria, 205–207
in France, 208
in Vienna, 201–202
World War I and, 153–155
Constitution, 60
Contemporary City, 192
Coolidge, President, 217
Córdoba, 379
Corn Belt. See Dust Bowl
Cossacks, 81
Cotton Club, 105–106
country of poets and thinkers (Land der Dichter und Denker), 299
Coward, Noël, 224
Cowley, Malcolm, 148
Cozy Corner, 256
Craiglockhart Hospital, 23
“Crazy Blues,” 1–2
Crimean War, 29–30
The Crisis, 98, 100–102
Crisis of the Mind, 39
Croce, Benedetto, 308–310
Croix-de-Feu (Fiery Cross), 210–211, 345
“Cross of Gold” speech, 153
Crowds and Power (Masse und Macht), 197, 204
Crusade in Spain, 373
Csmarits, Matthias, 206
Cullen, Countee, 102
cultural tourism, 242–244
culture wars, 60–62, 66–68, 73–78
Cunard shipping line, 319
Curtis Candy Company, 218
Curtiz, Michael, 350
cyborgs, 184
Czechoslovakia, 198
D
Dada
Breton and, 133–135
introduction to, 131–132
in Paris, 135–142
psychoanalysis and, 147–148
spreading fame of, 143–146
surrealism and, 142–143
Tzara and, 135–142
“Dada Manifesto 1918,” 132
Daedalus, or Science and the Future (1923), 127–129
Dahl, Roald, 19
Daily Express, 225
Daily Mail, 223
Daily Mirror, 325
Daladier, Édouard, 211
Dalí, Salvador, 140, 375
Die Dämonen (The Demons), 205
“Dances of Vice, Horror, and Ecstasy,” 255
dancing, 66–67
Dangerfield, George, 327
d’Annunzio, Gabriele, 276, 281, 309
as coup leader, 39–44
as “fallen archangel,” 57–58
rhetoric of, 44–45
Spengler and, 45–48
Darrow, Clarence, 157–161, 167–168
Darwin, Charles. See also evolution
Bible vs., 155
influence of, 162–168
scientific racism and, 363
Darwinism, social, 162–167
Davis, Edward Everett, 340
Dayton, Tennessee, 151. See also Scopes trial
de Ambris, Alceste, 42
Decline of the West, 45–48, 123
Defense of the Realm Act, 24
democracy
in Austria, 212–214
Spengler on, 47
Wilson on, 49
The Demons (Die Dämonen), 205
Dempsey, Jack, 179
deportations, 57
Deschanel, President Paul, 14, 265
Deuteronomy 28:24, 336
Deutsche Leibeszucht (German Body Culture), 367
Deutsche Physik (1936), 122
Deutschland, Erwache! (Germany, awaken!), 266
Dewey, John, 10
Die Sehnsucht nach dem Dritten Reich in Deutscher Sage und Dichtung (1934), 267
Dietrich, Marlene
in The Blue Angel, 250–251, 255
exile of, 310
leaving Germany, 265–266
right-wing social criticism of, 262
Dilthey, Wilhelm, 124
Dix, Otto
Berber portrait by, 254–255
in Berlin, 259
grotesque war etchings of, 20, 36, 146
ugliness in work of, 371
Dixon, Jr., Thomas, 52
Doderer, Heimito von, 197, 204–205
Doetsch, Gustav, 124–125
Dollfuss, Engelbert, 212
Dolot, Miron, 283, 286–293, 296
donkeys vs. lions, 329
Dos Passos, John, 68, 70, 301
Douglas, Aaron, 103
Dow Jones stock index, 240
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 180–182
Dreiser, Theodore, 243–244
Dresden, 368
Dreyfus affair, 345
Drieu La Rochelle, Pierre
conservative revolution of, 48
socialist fascism of, 210, 242–243
wartime experiences of, 35
drought, 334–335
Du Bois, W. E. B., 100–105
Duchamp, Marcel, 144
Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori, 24–26
Duranty, Walter, 294–295
Dust Bowl
devastating storms in, 333–338
empathy for plight of, 341–343
exodus from, 338–341
E
economic crises
of 2008, 407–408
after World War I, 33–35
in Berlin, 252–253
Eden, Sir Anthony, 385
Edward VIII, 325
Eighteenth Amendment, 60, 62, 65
Einstein, Albert
exodus from Germany of, 349–350
on intellectual freedom, 304
on Newtonian physics, 120–121
theory of relativity, 118, 127
Elbe, Lili, 258
Eliot, T. S., 48, 97, 223
Ellington, Duke, 106
Éluard, Paul, 140
emigration. See also immigration; migrations
during Great Depression, 343–347
from Nazi Germany, 343, 349–352
from United States, 343–347
Emil and the Detectives, 305
The Emperor Jones, 112
Empire State Building, 270
end of hope for peace. See interwar years
energia, and D’Annunzio, 42
The Engines of the Human Body, 182
England. See Great Britain
English Journey, 320–323
Enlightenment, 406
Enlightenment rationality, 7
Entr’acte, 140
Epstein, Jacob, 304
Ernst, Max, 139–140
Eternal City. See Rome
The Eternal Jew (1940), 311
ethyl alcohol, and Prohibition, 62
Eton, 29
eugenics, 164–167, 368
Europe, James Reese, 51
evangelical churches, 60–61
Everling, Germaine, 135–136
evolution. See also Darwin, Charles
Bible and, 154–157
eugenics and, 164–167
introduction to, 151–154
Levy and, 168–172
New Man and, 363
Scopes trial and. See Scopes trial
Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution, 278–279
existential choices, 303–308
expatriate writers, 69–71
F
Fabian, Walter, 215
Façades (1923), 110
Fairmont Coal Company, 92
famine. See Ukraine
Fantel, Hans, 397–400
Farm Security Administration, 342
fascism
d’Annunzio and. See d’Annunzio, Gabriele
in France, 210
in Great Britain, 323–327
Levy on, 171
Mussolini and. See Mussolini, Benito
New Man in, 364–365
Faust, 46
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 56
Federation of Progressive Societies and Individuals, 326–327
Feldberg, Wilhelm, 303–304
feminism, 27. See also women’s roles
Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 9
Feuchtwanger, Lion, 350
Fiery Cross (Croix-de-Feu), 210–211, 345
films. See movies
Finzi, Aldo, 57
Fire!! 102–103
First World War. See World War I (1914–1918)
Fitter Families for Future Firesides, 167
Fitzgerald, Ella, 106
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 56, 68–71
Fitzgerald, Zelda, 68–71, 217
Fiume, 39–41
Five-Year Plan, 285–286
Flaming Youth, 215
Flanner, Janet, 227
flappers, 216–218, 220–221
flirting, in 1928, 217
Floyd, J. T., 50
Ford, Francis, 126
Ford, Henry, 186
Forman, Paul, 125
Foro Mussolini, 281
Förster-Nietzsche, Elisabeth, 163
Foucault, Michel, 406
The Foundation Pit, 247
Fountain (1917), 144
Frahm, Herbert, 389
France
after World War I, 207
Communist Party in, 142–143
exodus from Germany to, 344–345
Harlem Hellfighters in, 51
postwar experiences in, 34–36
Spanish Civil War and, 384
Franck, James, 303
Franco, Francisco, 375–377, 382–383
Franco-Prussian War, 27
Frank, Anne, 346–347
Frank, Semen, 45
Frankenstein, 180
Free Body Culture (Freikörperkultur), 366–367
Free German University (Freie Deutsche Universität), 346
free market economics, 408–411
Freud, Sigmund
American life and, 147–148
Breton and, 133–134, 137
burning books of, 301
on prosthetic organs, 173
on transcendence, 363
in Vienna, 203
wearing Trachten, 202
Freudenheim, Fritz, 351
Freudenheim, Hans, 348
Friedmann, Endre Ernö, 390
The Fundamentals: A Testament to the Truth, 155
Fürstner, Wolfgang, 355–359
Furtwängler, Wilhelm, 260, 306, 383
G
Gabriel over the White House (1933), 311
Galton, Francis, 369
Galton Institute, 164
Gargoyle Club, 224
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 42
Garvey, Marcus, 105
Gary, Indiana, 235
Gastev, Alexei, 184–188
Gaudí, Antoni, 375
Gemeindebauten (municipal buildings), 200–201
gender roles
homosexuality and. See homosexuality
Prohibition and, 67
of women. See women’s roles
before World War I, 26–27
World War I and, 5–6
General Federation of Women’s Clubs, 66
General Motors, 270
generational change, 66–67
Gentile, Giovanni, 48, 309
George, Prime Minister David Lloyd, 293
George, Stefan, 48, 168
George V, 324–325
German Body Culture (Deutsche Leibeszucht), 367
German Hygiene Museum, 368
German-speaking people, 199
Germany
Bauhaus in, 190–194
beer of, 61
Berlin in. See Berlin
biblical scholarship in, 154
economic crises in, 252–253, 264
Hitler in. See Hitler, Adolf
jazz in, 73, 77
March Action in, 89–91
Metropolis made in, 173–177
Nazis in. See Nazi Germany
physics discoveries in, 117–125
pogrom of the intellect in. See pogrom of the intellect
postwar experiences in, 34
Professor Unrath influencing, 249–252
propaganda in, 280
Spanish Civil War a
nd, 385–387
surrealism in, 143, 145–146
Weimar Republic in. See Weimar Republic
after World War I, 73–78
Germany, Awaken! (Deutschland, Erwache!), 266
Gershwin, George, 105–106, 109–110, 221
Gesetz und Freiheit (Law and Freedom), 367
Gide, André, 245, 257
Giral, Prime Minister José, 384
Gish, Lillian, 52
Gleichschaltung (compulsory coordination), 302–305, 312
Gloeden, Wilhelm von, 257
Glyn, Elinor, 220
Gobineau, Arthur de, 170
The God That Failed, 293
Goebbels, Joseph
burning books and, 298
fueling National Socialist movement, 262–263
Olympic Games and, 356
propaganda of, 280
Strauss and, 306
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 45–46, 75
“golden twenties” (die goldenen zwanziger Jahre), 228
Goldwyn, Samuel, 147
Good Boy, 215
Gorky, Maxim, 89, 301, 312–315
Gottlieb, Gerda, 258
Goya, Francisco, 146
The Grapes of Wrath, 340–341
grasshoppers, 337
Great Britain
casualties from, 29–31
fascism in, 323–327
industrial slums in, 320–323
jazz in, 72–73
postwar economy in, 318–320
race in, 72–73
Spanish Civil War and, 384–385
Thank you, Jeeves in, 317–318
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in, 36–37
working class attitudes in, 327–331
Great Depression
class attitudes and, 331
Dust Bowl exodus during, 339
emigration during, 343–347
in Great Britain, 318–323
immigration during, 270–273, 343–347
stock market crash and, 240–241
The Great Gatsby, 56, 68
Great Plains. See Dust Bowl
Great Purge, 392–393
Greek people, 344
Greenfield, George, 337
Greenwood, Walter, 326
Griffith, D. W., 52
Gropius, Walter, 190–192
Grosz, Georges
in Berlin, 259
on Germany after WWI, 74–78
surrealism and, 146
ugliness in work of, 371
war experiences of, 36
Guernica, 386, 396
Guernica, Spain, 386–387
Guinness, Bryan, 223
gum-chewing supermen, 371–372
Gumilev, Nikolay, 87
Gurney, Jason, 373
Gyssling, George, 311
H
Habsburg Empire, 197–199
Haeckel, Ernst, 45
Haldane, J. S., 126–128, 304
Haldane, Richard Burton, 126–127
Hale, George Ellery, 114
Halle, Germany, 90
Hamidiye Brigade, 343–344
Hammerstein, Oscar, 215
Handbook of Marxism, 327
The Hands of Orlac (Orlacs Hände), 179–180
Harbou, Thea von, 174–177, 258
Harding, President Warren, 94–95
Harlem Hellfighters, 50–51
Harlem Renaissance
Afro-American Realty Company in, 98–100
after World War I, 12