Speech of Response Delivered at the Convocation of September 10, 1982, at Columbia University (Feng Youlan)
Spelling: Chinese writing and
Spencer, Herbert; Yan Fu on
Spengler, Oswald
Spirit of the Laws (Montesquieu)
Spirit mediums
“Spiritual awareness,”
“Spiritual pollution,”
Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu)
Spring and Autumn period (722–481 B.C.E.)
“Stalin Is Our Commander” (Mao Zedong)
Stalin, Joseph; Guo Moruo’s ode to
Stalinism
State: Luo Longji on political tutelage and; Hu Shi on absolute government and
Statecraft (jingshi); traditional literary basis of; development of; non-Chinese world and; Chen Hongmou and; Wei Yuan on principles of. See also Anthology of Qing
Statecraft Writings, Preface to; Criteria for Anthology of Qing Statecraft Writings
Storytellers, itinerant
Stove god; women and. See also The Precious Scroll on the Lord of the Stove
A Strange Dream (E meng) (Wang Fuzhi)
“The Struggle with the Communists Is a Struggle Over Lifestyle” (Jiang Jing-guo)
Struggle, inner party: Liu Shaoqi on
Students
The Study of Humanity (Ren xue) (Tan Sitong)
A Study of Sociology (Herbert Spencer)
Su Che
Su Xiaokang
Su Xun
Substance (ti)
Substantial learning. See Practical learning
Succession, dynastic: Huang Zongxi on
Suffrage, universal: Mao Zedong on
Suggestions on Foreign Affairs (Chouyang chuyi) (Xue Fucheng)
Sun Ding
Sun Jiagu
Sun Longji. See also The Deep Structure of Chinese Culture
Sun Yat-sen; nationalist revolution and; influence of West on; three stage revolutionary plan of; Three People’s Principle’s and; changing view on nationalism of; concept of “hypo-colony” in; structure of government in; economic ideas of; political tutelage in; constitutionalism in; National Assembly and; nature of revolution in. See also The Principle of Democracy; The Three People’s Principles; The Three Stages of Revolution
Supreme Harmony (Taihe)
Supreme Ultimate (Taiji)
Supreme Void (Taixu)
Suwen (Huangdi neijing suwen)
Suzhou University
Synthesis of Books and Illustrations from Past and Present (Gujin tushu jicheng)
Taihe. See Supreme Harmony
Taiji. See Supreme Ultimate
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (Taiping tianguo): economic program of; organization of society in; land distribution in; community organization and; separation of men and women in
Taiping Rebellion; origins and course of; theology and faith of; peasant uprisings and; military successes of; Western powers and; internal reasons for failure of; final collapse of; Western influence and; Confucianism and; defeat of, and Manchus
Taiwan. See also Four Dragons
Taixu. See Supreme Void
Tan Sitong; life of; idealism of; repudiation of obligatory relationships in. See also The Study of Humanity
Tanaka Kakuei
Tanci (popular performance)
Tang dynasty (618–906 C.E.)
Tang Junyi (T’ang Chün-i). See also Manifesto for a Reappraisal of Sinology and the Reconstruction of Chinese Culture
Tang, King (founder of Shang dynasty)
Tang Zhen
Tao Qian
Taxes: China and the West compared
Tea trade, Opium War and
Temples, popular culture and
Ten Commandments
Thailand
Thaw Society
Theater: ritual and; popular comic dialogues and. See also Attack on Hell
Theory and practice: Liu Shaoqi on separation of
The “Thinking Generation,”
“Thoughts on March 8, 1942” (Ding Ling)
Three Ages: Kang Youwei on
Three Bonds. See Three Mainstays
Three Dynasties; imperial era and, contrasted
Three Kingdoms period (220–280 C.E.)
Three Kings
Three Main Guidelines (Great Learning)
Three Mainstays (San gang) (Three Bonds)
The Three People’s Principles (San Min zhuyi) (Sun Yat-sen); background of; China As a Heap of Loose Sand; China As a “Hypo-colony”; Nationalism and Cosmopolitanism; Nationalism and Traditional Morality; people’s livelihood and; Chiang Kai-shek and; Republic of China and; Jiang Jingguo on; Communism and
Three-Self Movement. See also The Christian Manifesto
Three Sequences
The Three Stages of Revolution (Sun Yat-sen): political tutelage in; The Three Phases of National Reconstruction; The Necessity of Popular Tutelage
Three Treasures
Tian Feng. See Heaven’s Wing
Tiananmen Massacre
Tiananmen Square
Tianchao tianmu zhidu. See The Land System of the Heavenly Kingdom
Tianming. See Heaven’s Imperative
Tianqing Daolishu. See The Principles of the Heavenly Nature
Tiantiao shu. See The Book of Heavenly Commandments
Tianzhujiao mingpian. See Clearly Distinguishing the Lord of Heaven Teaching [from Heterodoxy]
Tibet
Ting, K.H.. See Ding Guangxun
Ting, V.K. See Ding Wenjiang
Tiyonglun (Xiong Shili)
Tongjian jishi benmo. See Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Governance Topically Arranged
Tongmeng hui. See League of Common Alliance
Tongwen College [for Foreign Languages]
Tracts (popular religion). See also Twenty-Four Exemplars of Filial Piety
Trade: Gong Zizhen’s opposition to foreign; Lin Zexu on opium imports and; Liang Qichao on economic competition and
Trade imbalances, Opium War and
Translation bureaus
Translations of Western works
“Travel Impressions from Europe” (Liang Qichao)
Treaty ports
Triangular trade: Opium War and
Tribute rice: Wei Yuan on reforming transport of
“Tributes of Yu” (Yugong) (Classic of Documents)
Trigault, Nicholas
Trotsky, Leon
True King (wang)
The True Meaning of Life (Chen Duxiu)
The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven (Matteo Ricci)
The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven Preface to (Li Zhizao)
The True Scripture of the Great Emperor
The True Story of Ah Q (Lu Xun)
Tsiang, T.F. See Jiang Tingfu
Tudors
Turks
Tussaud’s Wax Museum
Twenty-four Exemplars of Filial Piety (Ershi si xiao)
Twice-a-Year Tax, 195
Two Emperors
Two Treatises on Government (John Locke)
The Ugly Chinaman (Bo Yang)
Understanding History (Shitong) (Liu Zhiji)
Unequal treaties; Chiang Kai-shek on. See also China’s Destiny
Union Theological Seminary
Unions, trade
The Uniqueness of Chinese Philosophy (Mou Zongsan)
United Front
United Nations Security Council
United States
“Universal System” (Shen Xue)
Universalism (gong)
Universities
University of Hawaii
Unofficial History of the Scholars (Rulinwaishi)
“Uphold the Four Basic Principles” (Deng Xiaoping)
USSR. See Soviet Union
Utilitarianism
Vanderbilt University
Victoria, Queen. See also Letter to the English Ruler
Victory of Communism (Li Dazhao)
Village Lectures; “Sacred Edict” and
&nb
sp; Village opera: themes of; scripts of; yangge and; genres of; “Opera Inspection Teams” and
Vimalikirti Sutra
Virtue (de): Zhang Xuecheng on historian and; Zhang Xuecheng on writer an
Voltaire, Francois Marie Arouet de
Voluntarism: Li Zehou on Maoism, tradition and
Waiting for the Dawn (Mingyi daifanglu) (Huang Zongxi) On the Prince; On Ministership; On Law; Establishing a Prime Minister; Schools; Selection of Scholar-Officials
Wang Anshi
Wang Anyi
Wang Can
Wang Fuzhi life and career of; Zhang Zai’s thought and; problems of Ming China and; cosmology of; “revision” of orthodox Neo-Confucianism in; concept of material force in; understanding of history in; distinctions between gentleman and mean man, Chinese and barbarians in
Wang Gen
Wang Luxiang
Wang Mang
Wang Mingdao; background of; Three-Self Movement and. See also We, Because of Faith
Wang Shiwei. See “Political Leaders, Artists”; “Wild Lily”
Wang Sitong
Wang Tao; journalism and. See also “Reform”
Wang Xianqian
Wang Xizhe
Wang Xizhi
Wang Yangming; Li Zehou on Mao and
Wang Yangming and Mao (Li Zehou)
Wang Yangming school
Wang Zhao
Wang Zhen
Wanli emperor
Warlords
Warring States period (479–221 B.C.E.)
Wars of the Roses
Waseda University
Water Margin (Shuihu zhuan) (Shi Naian)
The Way; Wang Fuzhi on; Gong Zizhen on “guests” and; instruments and; Western institutions and, according to Kang Youwei
“The Way of Confucius and Modern Life” (Chen Duxiu)
Way of Governance
Way of the Grand Commonality of Complete Peace and Equality. See Grand Commonality
Way of the Sages: Kang Youwei on change
Wealth of Nations (Adam Smith)
Wealth and power [for the state] (fuqiang): Wei Yuan on
Wei Jingsheng. See also Democracy or New Dictatorship; The Fifth Modernization
Wei Shou
Wei Yuan; role of scholar-official in; ideas on governance of; governance and profit in; institutional progress in; tribute rice transport and salt monopoly in; statecraft publications of. See also Anthology of Qing Statecraft Writings; Anthology of Qing Statecraft Writings, preface to; Criteria for Anthology of Qing Statecraft Writings; Illustrated Gazetteer of the Maritime Countries; Military History of the Qing Dynasty, preface to; The Silent Gourd
Wei Zhongxian
Weishu
Well-field system
Wen, King (Zhou dynasty)
Wendi (Emperor Wen) (Han dynasty)
Wenshi tongyi (Zhang Xuecheng)
The West: Gong Zizhen on resistance to; tributary relations and; earliest Chinese publications on; Wei Yuan on policy toward; Taiping movement and; China’s inadequacies and; Xue Fucheng on Chinese imitation of; Yan Fu on; Yan Fu on rules, regulations and; China’s superiority to; New Culture Movement and; controversy over Chinese culture and, in New Culture Movement; Liang Shuming on Chinese culture and; Hu Shi in defense of; New Confucian critique of; New Confucians on Eastern thought and. See also The New Culture Movement
Western barbarians: Wei Yuan on
Western Jin dynasty (265–316 C.E.)
Western learning; Han learning and; Nicholas Trigault on Chinese literati and; divisions of, according to Feng Guifen; Feng Guifen on Chinese ethics, Confucian teachings and; sending Chinese abroad and; “Chinese learning for substance, Western learning for function,”; Yan Fu’s view of; Kang Youwei’s pursuit of; Reform Edict of 1901 on; Eastern Times and. See also New Culture Movement; Reform; Science, Western
Westernization; Lin Zexu on warfare and; Hu Shi and; Chiang Kai-shek and; Fang Lizhi on
Whampoa Military Academy
What Have Song Shuo, Lu Ping, and Peng Peiyun Done in the Cultural Revolution? What Kind of Political System Do We
Want? (Luo Longji)
What Women Should Know About Communism (He Zhen)
White Lotus sectarianism
“Why China Has No Science” (Feng Youlan)
Widow chastity: Chen Duxiu on
“Wild Lily” (Wang Shiwei)
Will of Dr. Sun Yat-sen
William, Maurice
Wilson, Woodrow
Wisconsin, University of
Wolf (Wolff), Christian von
Woman Huang Explicates the Diamond Sutra
Women: Taiping movement and; Chen Duxiu on Confucianism and; He Zhen’s radical critique of tradition and; He Zhen on marriage and; polygamy and; rights and; Ding Ling on revolution and; marriage and divorce and, in Chinese Communist Party; post-Mao era and gains of. See also “Women’s Learning”
Women’s Analects (Nu lunyu)
Women’s Classic of Filial Piety (Nu xiaojing)
“Women’s Learning” (Zhang Xuecheng)
Women’s liberation; He Zhen on
Women’s Revenge, (He Zhen)
Woren
World Council of Churches
World War I; Yan Fu and
Writing, Chinese: Dai Zhen on. See also Script reform
Wu Dao
Wu, Emperor (Han)
Wu Han. See Hai Rui Dismissed from Office; “Hai Rui Scolds the Emperor”
Wu Jianren
Wu Jiaxiang. See “An Outline for Studying the New Authoritarianism”
Wu Jingxiong: background of. See also Beyond East and West; The Lotus and the Mud
Wu, John C.H. (Jingxiong)
Wu, King (Zhou dynasty)
Wu Peifu
Wu Sangui
Wu Yaozong (Y.T. Wu); Three-Self Movement and; background of. See also The Christian Manifesto; “The Present-Day Tragedy of Christianity”; “The Reformation of Christianity”
Wu Zhihui. See also “A New Concept of the Universe and Life Based on a New Belief”
Xia dynasty
Xian. See District
Xiangsheng (popular comic dialogues)
Xie Gaoyu
Xin. See Mind-and-heart
Xin Jiashun
Xin qingnian. See The New Youth
Xinmin congbao. See Renewing the People
Xinmin shuo. See Renewing the People
Xiong Shili; philosophy of; philosophy of “original substance” in; “cosmos of life” in. See Tiyonglun
Xiru ermu zi. See Aid to the Eyes and Ears of Western Literati
Xiyou ji. See Journey to the West
Xizi qiji. See Miracle of Western Letters Xu Fuguan. See also Manifesto for a Reappraisal of Sinology and the Reconstruction of Chinese Culture
Xu Guangqi. See also A Memorial in Defense of the [Western] Teaching
Xu Jie
Xu Zhongyu
Xue Fucheng
Xue Fucheng: reformism of; commerce and reform in; Chinese imitation of West in
Xunhuan ribao:
Xunzi
Xunzi
Yama (King of Hell)
Yamen clerks
Yan Fu; translations by; career of; political views of; Darwin, Spencer and; Western evaluation of other races in; view of nomads and agrarian peoples in; nature of Western peoples in
Yan Gao
Yan Jiaqi. See “How China Can Become Prosperous”
Yan Roju
Yan Yuan
Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art
Yang Changji
Yang Guangxian; critique of Christianity in. See also I Cannot Do Otherwise
Yang Tingyun
Yang Xiuqing
Yang Yingju
Yang Zhu
Yangge (popular opera)
Yangzi
Yanjing University
Yao, emperor
Ye Dehui
The Yellow Book (Huang shu) (Wang Fuzhi)
Yellow Emperor
Yellow River; flooding of
Yellow River Delta: “River Elegy” on
Yi Yin
Yijing. See Classic of Changes
Yili. See [Classic of] Etiquette and Ceremonies
Yimu liaoran chujie. See First Steps in Being Able to Understand at a Glance
Yin dynasty. See Shang dynasty
Yin Jishan
Yin and yang
Yingchao tongchou quanjuzhe. See Comprehensive Consideration of the Whole Situation
Yongle emperor
Yongzheng emperor
Youth Corps. See Sanmin Zhu Yi Youth Corps
Yu, King (founder of Xia dynasty)
Yu Qiuli
Yu Yue
Yuan dynasty (1279–1368)
Yuan Mei
Yuan shan. See Inquiry Into Goodness
Yuan Shikai
Zaitian. See Guangxu Emperor
Zeng Guofan
Zeng Jing, rebellion of
Zeng Lian
Zengzi Zhan Ruoshui
Zhang Binglin; revolutionary nationalism of. See also Letter Opposing Kang Youwei’s Views on Revolution
Zhang Boxing
Zhang Dongsun
Zhang Fei
Zhang Junmai (Carsun Chang). See also Manifesto for a Reappraisal of Sinology and the Reconstruction of Chinese Culture; “The Philosophy of Life”
Zhang Juzheng
Zhang Taiyan (Zhang Binglin)
Zhang Xianzhong
Zhang Xingyao: reconciliation of Confucianism and Christianity in
See also An Examination of the Similarities and Differences Between the Lord of Heaven Teaching [Christianity] and the Teaching of the Confucian Scholars
Zhang Xuecheng; study of history and; Song Learning and; women’s learning and; virtue and the historian in; virtue and the writer in
Zhang You
Zhang Zai
Zhang Zhidong; reform and; state, doctrine, and race in. See also Exhortation to Learn Zhang Zuolin
Zhao Zichen (T.C. Zhao); life and career of. See also “Present-Day Religious Thought and Life in China”
Zhen. See Equilibrium
Zheng Kangcheng. See Zheng Xuan
Zheng Qiao
Zheng Xuan (Zheng Kangcheng)
Zhengfeng. See Rectification campaigns
Zhengmeng. See Discipline for Beginners
Zhibao
Zhigang
Zhou, Duke of (Zhou Gong)
Zhou Dunyi
Zhou dynasty (B.C.E.)
Zhou dynasty, Western (B.C.E.)
Zhou Enlai
Zhou, King (last ruler of the Shang dynasty)
Zhou Wenjun
Zhoubi [suanjing]
Zhu Xi; tablet of, established in Confucian temple; East Asian school curriculum and; Village Lectures and; statecraft and
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