The Darkening Age
Page 28
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22. Fanin (1871), xviii.
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23. Veyne (1992), 202.
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24. Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, Julius Caesar 1.49.
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25. Ovid, Amores, 1.5.
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26. Ovid, Tristia, 2.207.
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27. Epictetus, Enchiridion, 33.8, quoted in Brown,The Body and Society (2008).
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28. Galen, On Affected Parts, 6.5.
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29. Ovid, Amores, 1.13, 1–3.
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30. Macrobius, Saturnalia, 2.5.9.
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31. Pells (2016).
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32. Horace, Odes, I.9. The usual translation “Seize the day” doesn’t quite catch the flavor of the Latin. “Carpo” is a much more delicate action—it’s what you do to a flower, or to fruit: to pick it, savor it.
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33. Ovid, The Art of Love, 1.1ff.
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34. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 15.871–79.
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35. Ovid, The Art of Love, 3.779ff.
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36. Romans 1:24. As ever, Brown,The Body and Society (2008), 44ff., is brilliant and this section is much indebted to his observations.
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37. Romans 1:26–27.
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38. 1 Corinthians 6:9.
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39. Romans 7:24.
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40. Clement, The Instructor, 2.1.
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41. Clement, The Instructor, 1.8.
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42. Clement, The Instructor, 3.9.
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43. Clement, The Instructor, 2.1.
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44. Clement, The Instructor, 2.1.
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45. Clement, The Instructor, 2.2.
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46. Chrysostom, The Homilies, On the Statues, XV.4.
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47. Chrysostom, The Homilies, On the Statues, XV.4.
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48. Ovid, The Art of Love, 1.229ff.
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49. Ovid, The Art of Love, 3.764ff.
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50. Ovid, The Art of Love, 1.518ff.
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51. Ovid, The Art of Love, 1.523–24.
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52. Ovid, The Art of Love, 3.133ff.
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53. Ovid, The Art of Love, 3.193.
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54. Ovid, The Art of Love, 3.199ff.
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55. Clement, The Instructor: hair curling etc., 2.11; sandals, 2.12; makeup, 3.2.
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56. Clement, The Instructor: cups, 2.3; bedsheets, 2.3.
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57. Clement, The Instructor: jewelry, 2.13; fabrics, 2.11.
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58. Clement, The Instructor, 3.3.
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59. Jerome, Letter 14.10.
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13. THEY THAT FORSAKE THE WAY OF GOD
1. MacMullen (1990), 150: “The only sadistic literature I am aware of in the ancient world, is the developing Christian vision of Purgatory.”
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2. Anon., Apocalypse of Peter, 22, 28.
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3. Anon., Apocalypse of Peter, 24.
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4. Anon., Apocalypse of Peter, 30.
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5. Anon., Apocalypse of Peter, 26.
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6. Libanius, Oration, 11.218, quoted in Hall and Wyles, eds. (2008), 18.
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7. Libanius, Oration, 64.116, quoted in Hall and Wyles, eds. (2008), 397.
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8. Pliny the Younger, Letter 9.17.
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9. Augustine, City of God, 1.32–33.
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10. Tertullian, Apology, ed. Sider (2001), 99 n. 67.
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11. Tertullian, Spectacles, 10.12, 10.5.
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12. Chrysostom, AGT.
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13. Severus of Antioch quoted in Sizgorich (2009), 116.
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14. Chrysostom, AGT.
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15. Chrysostom, Homilies on Matthew, 7.7.
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16. Jacob of Serugh quoted in Sizgorich (2009), 116–17, to whom these paragraphs are indebted.
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17. Arnobius, Adversus gentes, 42.
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18. Ovid, The Art of Love, 1.135ff.
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19. Chrysostom, AGT.
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20. Martial, Epigrams, 2.42.
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21. Quoted in Veyne (1992), 183.
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22. Seneca, Epistle 56.
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23. Martial, Epigrams, 6.93.
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24. Chrysostom, The Homilies, On the Statues, XVII.9.
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25. Tertullian, Spectacles, 8.9.
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26. Tertullian, Spectacles, 18.3.
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27. Clement, The Instructor, III.V.
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28. Jerome, Letter 14.10.
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29. Malalas, 18.18.
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30. See MacMullen (1990), 142ff., for a very interesting discussion on this general question to which this paragraph and others here are much indebted.
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31. Tertullian, Spectacles, 30.3ff.
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14. TO OBLITERATE THE TYRANNY OF JOY
1. Chrysostom, Homily 14 on I Timothy v. 8.
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2. Athanasius, Life of Antony, 14.
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3. Bedjan, The Life of Simeon Stylites, 154.
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4. Maillet, Description de l’Égypte (1735), quoted in Lacarrière (1963), tr. Monkcom (1963).
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5. AP, Zacharias, 1.
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6. AP, Euprepius, 4.
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7. Smith, A Smaller Latin-English Dictionary (1955).
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8. Rhetorical manual of Theon, the sophist, quoted in Wilken (1983), 99, to whom this paragraph is indebted.
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9. Libanius, Oration, 2.32, 30.48.
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10. Libanius, Oration, 2.32.
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11. Libanius, Oration, 30.11.
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12. Quoted in Lacarrière (1963), 92, to whom this paragraph is much indebted.
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13. AP, Antony, 10.
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14. AP, Dioscorus, 1.
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15. Jerome on Hilarion, quoted in Lacarrière (1961), tr. Monkcom (1963), 142.
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16. Evagrius quoted in Brakke (2006), 58.
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17. This observation is indebted to Brown,The Body and Society (2008), 220.
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18. AP, Isaac Priest of the Cells, 7.
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19. AP, Apollo, 2.
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20. AP, Evagrius, 1.
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21. Palladius, Lausiac History, 26.2–4, quoted in Brakke (2006), 140.
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22. AP, Evagrius, 4.
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23. AP, John the Dwarf, 9.
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24. AP, Theophilus the Archbishop, 1.
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25. AP, Gelasius, 6.
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26. Chrysostom, AGT.
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27. Chrysostom, Homilies on Genesis, 6.6, quoted in Chadwick (2001), 486.
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28. Constantine, Oration to the Saints, 11; for the genuineness or otherwise, see Drake (1985), 335ff.
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29. Lactantius, On the Deaths of the Persecutors,
48.3; C. Th., 16.10.6; see also C. Th., 16.10.7.
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30. C. Th., 16.10.19.3, and C. Th. 16.10.20.4.
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31. Chrysostom, Demonstration Against the Pagans That Christ Is God 11, quoted in Rohmann (2016), 192.
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32. Chrysostom quoted in Sizgorich (2009), 40; Chrysostom’s policing of the boundaries of Christian life is discussed brilliantly in Sizgorich (2009), Chapter I, to which these paragraphs are indebted.
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33. Chrysostom, Discourses Against Judaizing Christians, 8.5.2–4, quoted in Sizgorich (2009), 40.
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34. Chrysostom, AGT.
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35. Chrysostom, Discourses Against Judaizing Christians, 7.6.8.
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15. “MERCIFUL SAVAGERY”
1. Augustine, City of God, 19.17.
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2. John Chrysostom described in EH, VIII.4, quoted along with the above in Gaddis (2005), 192, to whom these paragraphs are much indebted.
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3. Layton (2007), 62.
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4. Eunapius, Lives of the Sophists, 423.
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5. Theodosius quoted in Ambrose, Epistle 41.27.
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6. Shenoute, Let Our Eyes, 1.5.
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7. Shenoute, Let Our Eyes, 1.6.
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8. Shenoute, Let Our Eyes, 1.2.
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9. Shenoute, Let Our Eyes, 1.4.
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10. Bagnall (2008), 31. Bagnall points out that this could have been a statement of Arian tendencies or similar.
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11. Shenoute, Let Our Eyes, 1–2.4.
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12. Shenoute, Let Our Eyes, 2.1–4.
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13. Shenoute, Let Our Eyes, 1.3–2.12.
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14. In Shenoute, Open Letter to a Pagan Notable (1961); translation from Gaddis (2005), 1.
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15. Layton (2007), passim, to whom this section is much indebted.
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16. Layton (2007), 60.
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17. This observation and these paragraphs are indebted to the excellent Layton (2007), passim.
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18. Wealth: Layton (2007), 60; shaving: 60, 62; desire: 47; cucumber: 51; sexual laws: 63; washing: 50; desirous feeling: 69; sitting: 62.
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19. Jeremiah 23:24.
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20. Layton (2007), 47 n. 4.
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21. This paragraph is much indebted to the excellent observations in Lacarrière (1963), 131ff.
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22. Account in Shenoute’s In the Night, described in the excellent Brakke (2006), 3–4, 115–16; retold in Besa, Life of Shenoute, 73.
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23. Augustine, Letter 93.II.4.
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24. Augustine, Letter 93.II.5.
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25. Augustine, Letter 185.2.
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26. John Chrysostom, The Homilies, On the Statues, 1.32; Aphrarat writing of Numbers 25, quoted in Gaddis (2005), 182.
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27. This paragraph is much indebted to Thurman (1968), 19–20.
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28. On Buildings, 1.1, quoted in Thurman (1968), 17.
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29. For punishments, see Apocalypse of Peter, 22–24; on appositeness: Gaddis (2005), 127–28, to whom this paragraph is indebted.
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30. Augustine, A Summary of the Conference with the Donatists, 3.II.22, quoted in Shaw (2011), 684, to whom this and the following paragraphs are much indebted.
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31. Augustine, Tract in Ioh, 5.12 (CCL 36:47), quoted in Shaw (2011), 698.
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32. I am indebted to the as ever brilliant observation of Shaw (2011), 674; see Augustine, Against the Letter of Parmenianus, 1.10.16.
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33. HC, 5.1.20.
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34. Gaddis (2005), 216.
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35. Libanius, Oration, 45.26, For the Prisoners, quoted in Gaddis (2005), to whom these paragraphs are much indebted.
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36. Gregory Nazianzen, Oration 43.57.
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37. Libanius, Oration 30.25–26.
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38. Luke 14:23 KJV.
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39. Augustine, Letter 104.2.7.
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40. Jerome, Letter 109.2.
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41. Chrysostom, AGT.
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42. Augustine, Sermon 279.4, quoted in Shaw (2011), 682: “Ubi terror, ibi salus. Qui faciebat contra nomen, patiatur pro nomine. O saevitia misericors!”
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43. This observation is much indebted to the brilliant essay by H. A. Drake (1996), 3–6.
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16. “A TIME OF TYRANNY AND CRISIS”
1. The manuscript of the Justinian Code is corrupted at this point, making precise dating difficult: AD 529 is the generally accepted date of this. There are two laws that are relevant here; I focus on the second.
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2. For Damascius’s enthusiasm for her, see PH, 106A.
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3. Zachariah of Mytilene, The Life of Severus, 26–33; PH, 53.
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4. Zachariah of Mytilene, The Life of Severus, 30.
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5. PH, 119.
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6. PH, 106.
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7. PH, 124.
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8. Athanassiadi (1993), 4; Marinus, Life of Proclus, 10; 26.
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9. Simplicius, epilogue on commentary on Enchiridion, quoted in Cameron (1969), 14.
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10. Isidore, quoted in PH, 150.
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11. PH, 145.
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12. Agathias, Histories, 2.30.2.
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13. According to Cameron (1969), 22.
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14. Strömberg (1946), 176–77.
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15. C. Th., 16.10.22 of April 423.
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16. Geffcken (1978), 228.
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17. Cf. C. Just. 1.1.8.35; 1.1.8; 1.1.8.25.
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18. C. Just. 1.11.10.
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19. C. Just. 1.11.10 and 1.11.10.4.
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20. C. Just. 1.11.10.1–7.
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21. C. Just. 1.11.10.2.
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22. Gibbon, Decline and Fall, Vol. IV, Chapter 40, 265.
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23. Athanassiadi (1993), 342–47.
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24. Shear (1973), 162.
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25. PH, 43A–C.
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26. PH, 85A.
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27. Cameron (1969), 17.
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28. Athanassiadi (1993), 21.
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29. PH, 36; Olympiodorus in Commentary on the First Alcibiades, quoted in Cameron (1969), 15.
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30. Marinus, Life of Proclus, 30.
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31. Vultures: Marinus, Life of Proclus, 15; PH, 117C; “the tyrant” is in Olympiodorus, Commentary on the First Alcibiades, quoted in Cameron (1969), 15.
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32. PH, 45.
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33. Plato more dangerous: Chadwick (1966), 11ff.; Cameron (1969), 9; see also Wilson (1970), 71.
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34. PH, 63B.
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35. Photius, The Bibliotheca, 130.7–12, quoted in Watts (2006).
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36. C. Just. 1.11.10.2.
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37. Cameron (1969), 18, to whose observations these paragraphs are much
indebted; Cameron (2016), 222.
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38. Simplicius in Cameron (1969), 21.
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39. PH, 158.
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40. PH, 146.
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41. PH, 119C and 121.
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42. Homer, The Iliad, 1.2–5.
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43. Agathias, Histories, 2.28–2.31.2.
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44. Agathias, Histories, 30–31.2.
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45. Agathias, Histories, 2.31.2–4.
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46. Cameron (1969/1970), 176.
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47. Al Mas’udi, Les prairies d’or (ed. and tr. B. de Meynard, P. de Courtelle, C. Pellat), ii 741, 278, quoted in Athanassiadi (1993), 28.
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48. Damascius, ed. Athanassiadi (1999), caption to Plate III.
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