The Class of 1846
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42. Most of McClellan’s observations and remarks from western Virginia are in his letters to his wife. This description of the adulation along the road is from one of those, reprinted in McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 32.
43. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 2, p. 197.
44. The two quotes are from letters to Nelly in McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 40; and in the McClellan Papers, C7:63.
45. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 33, p. 34.
46. Ibid., p. 41.
47. Ibid., p. 46, p. 40.
48. Betty Hornbeck, Upshur Brothers of the Blue and the Gray (Parsons, WV: McClain Printing Company, 1976), p. 45.
49. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 46.
50. The estimate of enemy numbers is from Jacob D. Cox, “McClellan in West Virginia,” in Battles and Leaders, vol. 1, p. 131.
51. Maury, Recollections of a Virginian, p. 129.
52. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 44.
53. Reid, Ohio in the War, vol. 1, pp. 311–14, p. 349.
54. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 2, p. 215.
55. Alec Hart’s running cannon count is from Arnold, “Battle of Rich Mountain,” p. 48.
56. McClellan’s indecision: John Beatty, Memoirs of a Volunteer, 1861–1863, ed. Harvey S. Ford (New York: W. W. Norton, 1946), p. 27. McClellan’s account of the Confederate officer’s oration and his interpretation of what it meant: George Brinton McClellan, Report on the Organization and Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, to Which Is Added an Account of the Campaign in Western Virginia … (New York: Sheldon & Company, 1864), p. 30.
57. Rosecrans later reported this heavily ballooned estimate of enemy strength at Rich Mountain—lapping reality by four to seven times—in testimony before the Committee on the Conduct of the War. He said it came from McClellan and others. See U.S. Congress, “Rosecrans’s Campaigns,” Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, Report 142, 3 vols., 38th Cong., 2d sess. 1865, vol. 3, p. 5.
58. Cincinnati Commercial, in Moore, Rebellion Record, vol. 2. doc., pp. 291–92.
59. Cincinnati Gazette, in Moore, Rebellion Record 2: doc., p. 291.
60. Reid’s account of the action at Corricks Ford and Garnett’s death is in Ibid., pp. 288–91.
61. Merrill, The Soldier of Indiana, vol. 1, p. 21.
62. W. G. Fuller, “The Corps of Telegraphers under General Anson Stager during the War of the Rebellion,” in Sketches of War History, 1861–1865: Papers Read before the Ohio Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, 1886–1888, vol. 2 (Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co., 1888), p. 396.
63. William R. Plum, The Military Telegraph during the Civil War in the United States, 2 vols. (Chicago: Jansen, McClurg & Co., 1882), vol. 1, p. 94.
64. Stager’s line-laying: Plum, The Military Telegraph during the Civil War, vol. 1, pp. 92–99. McClellan’s introduction to the telegraph in the Crimean War: Robert Luther Thompson, Wiringa Continent: The History of the Telegraph Industry in the United States, 1832–1866 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1947), p. 385n. McClellan’s use of it at Rich Mountain and his alias, Mecca: Donald L. Rice, “The Military Telegraph in Western Virginia,” Randolph County Historical Society Magazine of History and Biography 12 (April 1961), pp. 26–27.
65. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 2, p. 204.
66. Ibid., p. 236.
67. Ibid., p. 204, for “charmed;” Scott’s follow-up comment is in Scott to McClellan, 14 July 1861, McClellan Papers, A19: 9.
68. Congressional Globe, 37th Cong., 1st sess., p. 148.
69. Quoted in Sears, George B. McClellan, p. 85.
70. New York Times, 20 July 1861; Louisville Journal, 20 July 1861.
71. Ellen McClellan to McClellan, 12 July 1861, McClellan Papers, A19: 9.
72. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 71.
73. O.R., Ser. 1, vol. 2, p. 239.
PART 4 DOWN IN THE VALLEY
The Valley Man
1. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 5, p. 909.
2. Richard Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction: Personal Experiences of the Late War, ed. Richard B. Harwell (New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1955), p. 47.
3. Cooke, Stonewall Jackson, p. 102.
4. Ibid., p. 84.
5. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 5, p. 921.
6. Henry Kyd Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968). pp. 16–17.
7. Ibid., p. 15.
8. Maury, Recollections of a Virginian, p. 29.
9. John B. Jones, A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary, ed. Earl Schenck Miers (New York: Sagamore Press, 1958), p. 61.
10. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 5, p. 1033, p. 1043.
11. Cooke, Stonewall Jackson, pp. 101–2.
12. Taylor describes the Valley in Destruction and Reconstruction, pp. 45–46. Also see Robert G. Tanner, “Jackson in the Shenandoah,” in The Guns of ’62, vol. 2 of William C. Davis, ed., The Image of War: 1861–1865, a project of the National Historical Society (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1982), p. 327.
13. English Combatant, Battle-Fields of the South, from Bull Run to Fredericksburgh; with Sketches of Confederate Commanders, and Gossip of the Camps (New York: John Bradburn, 1864), p. 142.
14. Jedediah Hotchkiss, Make Me a Map of the Valley: The Civil War Journal of Stonewall Jackson’s Topographer, ed. Archie P. McDonald (Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1989), p. 10. For biographical background on Hotchkiss see the Introduction to that work, pp. xv-xx.
15. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 162.
16. Joseph E. Johnston, Narrative of Military Operations Directed, during the Late War Between the States (1874; reprint, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1959), p. 106.
17. Jedediah Hotchkiss, Virginia, vol. 4 of Clement A. Evans, ed., Confederate Military History, Extended Edition (1899; reprint, Wilmington, NC: Broadfoot Publishing Company, 1987), p. 215.
18. William G. Bean, ed., “The Valley Campaign of 1862 as Revealed in Letters of Sandie Pendleton,” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 78 (July 1970), p. 337.
19. George M. Neese, Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery (1911; reprint, Dayton: Morningside, 1988), p. 27.
20. There is an excellent summary of all of these preliminaries in Hotchkiss, Virginia, pp. 214–17.
21. The thinking in the federal camp: David Hunter Strother in A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War: The Diaries of David Hunter Strother, ed. Cecil D. Eby, Jr. (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1961), p. 3; and in O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 340.
22. O.R. ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 340.
23. Hotchkiss is also a good source for the preliminaries leading up to the battle of Kernstown. See Virginia, pp. 217–20.
24. Bean, “The Valley Campaign of 1862 As Revealed in the Letters of Sandie Pendleton,” p. 342.
25. “The Valley after Kernstown,” SHSP 19 (1891), p. 318.
26. Neese, Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery, p. 10, p. 36.
27. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, pp. 383–84.
28. Ashby’s rear guard action is described in James F. Huntington, “Operations in the Shenandoah Valley, from Winchester to Port Republic, March 10-June 9, 1862,” MHSM, vol. 1, Campaigns in Virginia, 1861–1862 (1895; reprint, Wilmington, NC: Broadfoot Publishing Company, 1989), p. 305.
29. Neese, Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery, pp. 43–44.
30. James B. Avirett, The Memoirs of General Turner Ashby and His Compeers (Baltimore: Selby & Dulany, 1867), p. 171.
31. George Henry Gordon, Brook Farm to Cedar Mountain in the War of the Great Rebellion, 1861–62 (Boston: James R. Osgood and Company, 1883), pp. 136–37.
32. Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. vii.
33. Hotchkiss, Make Me a Map of the Valley, p. 22. For background on Douglas see I Rode with Stonewall and Dictionary of American Biography, s.v. “Douglas, Henry Kyd.”
34. Douglas vividly recounts his midnight ride in I Rode with Stonewall, pp. 42–47.
36. Jackson’s thoughts and motivations are reflected in O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 3, p. 838, pp. 843–44. The quote is on p. 863.
37. Ibid., p. 872.
The Odd Couple
1. Kate Sperry, “Kate Sperry’s Diary, 1861–1866,” ed. Christine Andreae, Virginia Country’s Civil War 1 (1983), p. 47.
2. John S. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives: Reminiscences of the Civil WAR (1898; reprint, Gaithersburg, MD: Butternut Press, 1984), p. 32.
3. English Combatant, Battle-Fields of the South, p. 141.
4. Cooke, Stonewall Jackson, p. 196.
5. Charles Hallock, A Complete Biographical Sketch of “Stonewall” Jackson, Giving a Full and Accurate Account of the Leading Events of His Military Career, His Dying Moments, and the Obsequies at Richmond and Lexington (Augusta, GA: Steam Power-Press Chronicle and Sentinel, 1863), p. 11.
6. The description of Jackson is a composite from many sources, principally: Cooke, Stonewall Jackson, pp. 196–97; Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. 234; McHenry Howard, Recollections of a Maryland Confederate Soldier and Staff Officer under Johnston, Jackson and Lee (1914; reprint, Dayton: Press of Morningside Bookshop, 1975), pp. 79–80; John Cheves Haskell, The Haskell Memoirs, ed. Gilbert E. Govan and James W. Livingood (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1960), p. 20; Margaret Junkin Preston, “Personal Reminiscences of Stonewall Jackson,” Century Magazine 32, new ser. 10 (October 1886), p. 927; and John S. Wise, “Stonewall Jackson as I Knew Him,” The Circle (March 1908), p. 143. (A copy is in the Virginia Historical Society Library.)
7. Douglas, I Rode With Stonewall, p. 234.
8. Jackson, Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson, p. 171.
9. Cooke, Stonewall Jackson, p. 469.
10. Jackson, Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson, p. 171.
11. The portrait of Jackson and Little Sorrel uses Hallock, A Complete Biographical Sketch of “Stonewall” Jackson, p. 11; James Power Smith, With Stonewall Jackson in the Army of Northern Virginia (1920; reprint, Gaithersburg, MD: Zullo and Van Sickle Books, 1982), pp. 96–97; Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, p. 53; and Louise K. Dooley, “Little Sorrel: A War-Horse for Stonewall,” Army 25 (April 1975), pp. 34–39.
12. Cooke, Stonewall Jackson, pp. 83–84.
13. Hallock, A Complete Biographical Sketch of “Stonewall” Jackson, pp. 11–12.
14. George Cary Eggleston, A Rebel’s Recollections (1959; reprint, New York: Kraus Reprint Co., 1969), p. 132.
15. Robert Garlick Hill Kean, Inside the Confederate Government: The Diary of Robert Garlick Hill Kean, ed. Edward Younger (New York: Oxford University Press, 1957), p. 60.
16. Quoted in Shelby Foote, The Civil War: A Narrative, 3 vols. (New York: Random House, 1958–1974), vol. 1, p. 429.
17. John Esten Cooke, Stonewall Jackson and the Old Stonewall Brigade, ed. Richard Barksdale Harwell (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press for the Tracy W. McGregor Library, 1954), p. 27, p. 14.
18. Jackson, Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson, p. 61.
19. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 3, p. 842.
20. Jackson, Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson, p. 75; Preston, “Personal Reminiscences of Stonewall Jackson,” p. 931.
21. Preston, “Personal Reminiscences of Stonewall Jackson,” p. 930, p. 933.
22. Hill, “The Real Stonewall Jackson,” p. 626.
23. Jackson, Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson, p. 72.
24. Thomas J. Jackson, Order Book, Harpers Ferry 1861, Eleanor S. Brockenbrough Library, Museum of the Confederacy.
25. John N. Opie, A Rebel Cavalryman with Lee, Stuart, and Jackson (1899; reprint, Dayton: Press of Morningside Bookshop, 1972), pp. 19–20.
26. Charles W. Squires, “The Last of Lee’s Battle Line,” typescript autobiography, ed. W.H.T. Squires, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, p. 9.
27. Hill, “The Real Stonewall Jackson,” p. 627; Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. 149.
28. Preston, “Personal Reminiscences of Stonewall Jackson,” p. 927.
29. Hill, “The Real Stonewall Jackson,” p. 625.
30. See Jackson, Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson, for numerous examples.
31. Ibid., pp. 46–47.
32. Maury, “General T. J. (“Stonewall”) Jackson,” p. 315, pp. 311–12.
33. Jackson, Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson, p. 71.
34. Maury, Recollections of a Virginian, p. 71.
35. Vandiver, Mighty Stonewall, p. 119.
36. Preston, “Personal Reminiscences of Stonewall Jackson,” p. 936; Hill, “The Real Stonewall Jackson,” p. 625.
37. Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. 234.
38. Cooke, Stonewall Jackson, p. 152.
39. Hill, “The Real Stonewall Jackson,” p. 626.
40. William Allan, History of the Campaign of Gen. T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson in the Valley of Virginia from November 4, 1861 to June 17, 1862 (1880; reprint, Dayton: Morningside, 1987), p. 123n; Hotchkiss, Virginia, pp. 247–48.
41. J. William Jones, “ ‘Stonewall’ Jackson: Anecdotes,” Confederate Veteran 12 (April 1904), p. 174.
42. Cooke, Stonewall Jackson and the Old Stonewall Brigade, pp. 42–43.
43. Chesnut, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, p. 499.
44. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, p. 37, p. 89. Also see Thomas T. Munford, “Reminiscences of Jackson’s Valley Campaign,” SHSP 7 (1879), p. 523.
45. Quoted in Percy Garland Hamlin, “Richard S. Ewell: His Humanity and Humor,” Virginia Cavalcade 21 (Autumn 1971), p. 10.
46. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, p. 36; Sorrel, Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer, p. 53.
47. Eggleston, A Rebel’s Recollections, p. 136.
48. Wise, “Stonewall Jackson as I Knew Him,” p. 144.
49. Dictionary of American Biography, s.v. “Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert” and “Ewell, Richard Stoddert.”
50. Quoted in T. Harry Williams, ed., “General Ewell to the High Private in the Rear,” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 54 (April 1946), p. 159.
51. Robert Walter Frazer, Forts of the West: Military Forts and Presidios and Posts Commonly Called Forts West of the Mississippi River to 1898 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1972), p. 150; Hamlin, The Making of a Soldier, p. 95.
52. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, p. 38.
53. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 3, p. 890.
54. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, pp. 36–37. A caoutchouc man is a man made of rubber.
55. Ewell Family Papers, handwritten notes on Richard Ewell, The Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William and Mary, folder 21.
56. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, p. 37.
57. The Ewell anecdotes are from John B. Gordon, Reminiscences of the Civil War (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1903), pp. 38–42.
58. Ibid., p. 158.
59. Campbell Brown, “Notes on Ewell’s Division in the Campaign of 1862,” SHSP 10 (1882), pp. 255–56; “Strength of Ewell’s Division in the Campaign of 1862—Field Returns,” SHSP 8 (1880), pp. 301–3.
60. Hotchkiss, Make Me a Map of the Valley, pp. 34–35.
61. Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. 235.
62. John D. Imboden, “Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah,” Battles and Leaders, vol. 2, p. 297, p. 293.
63. Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. 155.
64. Squires, “The Last of Lee’s Battle Line,” p. 8.
65. Jones, “ ‘Stonewall’ Jackson: Anecdotes,” p. 175.
66. J. William Jones, “The Old Virginia Town, Lexington: Where Lee and Stonewall Jackson Are Buried—Reminiscences of Stonewall Jackson,” Confederate Veteran 1 (January 1893), p. 19.
67. Hamlin, “Old Bald Head,” p. 84.
From under the Little Faded Cap
1. Neese, Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery, p. 50.
2. Hotchkiss, Make Me a Map of the Valley, p. 36.
3. Edward A. Moore, The Story of a Cannoneer under Stonewall Jackson (Lynchburg, VA: J. P. Bell Company, 1910), p. 45.
4. Ibid., pp. 47–48.
5. The muddy roundabout march to Staunton is described in Allan, History of the Campaign in the Valley of Virginia, pp. 69–71; Hotchkiss, Virginia, pp. 227–28; and Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, pp. 47–48.
6. Bean, “The Valley Campaign of 1862, as Revealed in the Letters of Sandie Pendleton,” p. 355.
7. Dabney tells his story in “Stonewall Jackson,” SHSP 11 (1883), pp. 127–29.
8. Hotchkiss, Make Me a Map of the Valley, pp. 36–37.
9. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives, p. 28.
10. Chesnut, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, p. 444.
11. Bean, “The Valley Campaign of 1862 as Revealed in Letters of Sandie Pendleton,” p. 356.
12. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 3, p. 884.
13. Hotchkiss, Make Me a Map of the Valley, p. 39.
14. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives, p. 29.
15. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 470; also see Imboden, “Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah,” pp. 287–88.
16. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives, p. 30.
17. Neese, Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery, p. 54.
18. Quoted in Munford, “Reminiscences of Jackson’s Valley Campaign,” p. 527.
19. This story is from Ibid., pp. 526–27.
20. Hamlin, The Making of a Soldier, p. 108.
21. Strother, A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War, p. 32, p. 58.
22. Ibid., pp. 34–35; Hotchkiss, Virginia, pp. 234–35.
23. Moore, The Story of a Cannoneer, p. 51.
24. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 3, pp. 892–93.
25. Bean, “The Valley Campaign of 1862 as Revealed in Letters of Sandie Pendleton,” p. 359.
26. Ewell’s visit to Jackson is from Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. 93; and Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, pp. 359–60.
27. Strother, A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War, p. 36.
28. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, pp. 50–51.
29. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives, p. 39.
30. Dabney Herndon Maury, “Sketch of General Richard Taylor,” SHSP 7 (1879), pp. 343–45.