The Class of 1846

by John Waugh

  31. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, p. 52.

  32. The impression of Jackson is from the viewpoint of one of the Louisiana soldiers, in Hamlin, “Old Bald Head,” p. 89.

  33. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 524.

  34. Strother, A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War, pp. 37–38.

  35. Bradley T. Johnson, “Memoir of the First Maryland Regiment,” Paper No. 3, SHSP 10 (1882), pp. 53–54.

  36. Gordon, Brook Farm to Cedar Mountain, p. 186.

  37. Johnson, “Memoir of the First Maryland Regiment,” p, 54.

  38. For the most part I have used Douglas’s version of this bizarre encounter with the famous Confederate female spy in I Rode with Stonewall, pp. 51–52. I have embellished it with Belle Boyd’s own account in her memoirs, Belle Boyd in Camp and Prison, Written by Herself, ed. Curtis Carroll Davis (1865; reprint, South Brunswick, NJ: Thomas Yoseloff, 1968), pp. 161–64. The two accounts differ in some details, but what can you do? Douglas’s version is the more romantic.

  39. Sperry, “Kate Sperry’s Diary,” p. 46.

  40. Johnson, “Memoir of the First Maryland Regiment,” p. 54.

  41. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives, p. 39.

  42. Ibid.

  43. Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, pp. 365–66.

  44. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives, p. 39.

  45. Johnson, “Memoir of the First Maryland Regiment,” p. 55.

  My Friend, My Enemy

  1. Gordon, Brook Farm to Cedar Mountain, p. 190.

  2. Ibid., p. 119.

  3. Gordon’s account is in Ibid, pp. 191–94, p. 172n; Also see Strother, A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War, p. 40.

  4. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 703.

  5. Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, p. 371.

  6. Strother, A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War, p. 40.

  7. Gordon’s descriptions of the retreat and the stand at Newtown are in Brook Farm to Cedar Mountain, pp. 194–217. Jackson’s is in O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, pp. 703–4.

  8. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 704.

  9. Boyd, Belle Boyd in Camp and Prison, p. 167.

  10. Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. 55.

  11. Ibid., pp. 56–57.

  12. Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, pp. 374–75; Shelby Foote artfully describes the scene in The Civil War, vol. 1, p. 433.

  13. Katherine M. Jones, ed., Heroines of Dixie: Confederate Women Tell Their Story of the War (Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1955), p. 141.

  14. Moore, The Story of a Cannoneer, p. 56.

  15. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, pp. 704–5, p. 779.

  16. Gordon, Brook Farm to Cedar Mountain, pp. 225–27.

  17. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, p. 62.

  18. Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. 58.

  19. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, p. 70, pp. 62–63.

  20. Gordon, Brook Farm to Cedar Mountain, p. 241.

  21. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, p. 64.

  22. Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. 59.

  23. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, p. 64.

  24. Strother, A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War, pp. 41–42, pp. 49–50.

  25. Johnson, “Memoir of the First Maryland Regiment,” Paper No. 4, SHSP 10 (1882), p. 99; Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, p. 380; and John H. Worsham, One of Jackson’s Foot Cavalry, ed. James I. Robertson, Jr. (1912; reprint, Jackson, TN: McCowat-Mercer Press, 1964), pp. 46–47.

  26. Cornelia McDonald, A Diary with Reminiscences of the War and Refugee Life in the Shenandoah Valley, 1860–1865, ed. Hunter McDonald (Nashville: Cullom & Ghertner Co., 1934), p. 163.

  27. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives, p. 43.

  28. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 617.

  29. Gordon, Brook Farm to Cedar Mountain, p. 243n.

  30. Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. 60.

  31. Imboden, “Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah,” p. 297.

  32. Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, pp. 381–82.

  33. Bean, “The Valley Campaign of 1862 as Revealed in Letters of Sandie Pendleton,” p. 330.

  34. Opie, A Rebel Cavalryman with Lee, Stuart, and Jackson, pp. 21–22.

  35. The background on Pendleton is largely from Bean, “The Valley Campaign of 1862 as Revealed in Letters of Sandie Pendleton,” p. 327. Bean has also written an excellent biography of Pendleton: Stonewall’s Man: Sandie Pendleton (1959; reprint, Wilmington, NC: Broadfoot Publishing Company, 1987).

  36. Pendleton’s account is in O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, pp. 709–10.

  37. Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, p. 383.

  38. Neese, Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery, p. 20.

  39. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 551.

  40. Ibid., p. 701, p. 707.

  Delightful Excitement

  1. Lincoln, Collected Works, vol. 5, p. 232.

  2. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 643.

  3. Ibid., p. 644.

  4. Frémont’s thinking is in O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, pp. 10–14.

  5. Boteler’s account is in “Stonewall Jackson in Campaign of 1862,” SHSP 40 (1915), pp. 163–66.

  6. Hotchkiss, Make Me a Map of the Valley, p. 50.

  7. For Jackson’s possessive attitudes toward plunder see Hamlin, “Old Bald Head,” p. 96; Munford, “Reminiscences of Jackson’s Valley Campaign,” p. 528; Worsham, One of Jackson’s Foot Cavalry, p. 31.

  8. Johnson, “Memoir of the First Maryland Regiment,” p. 101.

  9. William Dorsey Pender, The General to His Lady: The Civil War Letters of William Dorsey Pender to Fanny Pender, ed. William W. Hassler (1962; reprint, Gaithersburg, MD: Ron R. Van Sickle Military Books, 1988), p. 171, p. 173, p. 197.

  10. Cooke, Stonewall Jackson, p. 123.

  11. Quoted in Bell Irvin Wiley, The Life of Johnny Reb: The Common Soldier of the Confederacy (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1978), p. 366.

  12. Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. 21.

  13. Avirett, The Memoirs of General Turner Ashby, pp. 196–97.

  14. Imboden, “Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah,” pp. 297–98.

  15. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives, pp. 40–41.

  16. Howard, Recollections of a Maryland Confederate Soldier and Staff Officer, p. 116; Johnson, “Memoir of the First Maryland Regiment,” pp. 101–2; Hotchkiss, Virginia, pp. 250–51.

  17. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 648.

  18. Howard, Recollections of a Maryland Confederate Soldier and Staff Officer, pp. 116–17.

  19. Neese, Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery, p. 64.

  20. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, pp. 711–12.

  21. Jackson, “Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson, pp. 268–69.

  22. William Augustus McClendon, Recollections of War Times by an Old Veteran while under Stonewall Jackson and Lieutenant General James Longstreet: How I Got in and How I Got out (1909; reprint, San Bernardino, CA: California Church Press, 1973), p. 62.

  23. Hotchkiss, Virginia, p. 253; Hotchkiss, Make Me a Map of the Valley, p. 51.

  24. Howard, Recollections of a Maryland Confederate Soldier and Staff Officer, p. 78.

  25. Neese, Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery, p. 28; Avirett, The Memoirs of General Turner Ashby, p. 47.

  26. Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, pp. 401–2.

  27. Cooke, Stonewall Jackson, pp. 174–75.

  28. Munford, “Reminiscences of Jackson’s Valley Campaign,” pp. 528–29.

  29. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 19, pt. 1, p. 821.

  30. Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, pp. 399–400.

  31. Ibid., p. 401.

  32. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 712.

  33. Neese, Four Years in the Confederate
Horse Artillery, pp. 70–71.

  34. Cooke, Stonewall Jackson, pp. 175–76.

  35. Shields’s situation is distilled from his reports and messages in O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, pp. 685–86, p. 22.

  36. Howard, Recollections of a Maryland Confederate Soldier and Staff Officer, p. 122, p. 122n, p. 124.

  37. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives, p. 53.

  38. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1 pp. 712–13.

  39. John W. Fravel, “Jackson’s Valley Campaign,” Confederate Veteran 6 (September 1898), p. 419.

  40. Johnson, “Memoir of the First Maryland Regiment,” p. 109.

  41. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, pp. 21–22.

  42. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, p. 84.

  43. Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. 91.

  44. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 1, p. 685, p. 689.

  45. Jed Hotchkiss, who was with Jackson throughout the campaign in the Valley, has written an excellent concise account in Virginia, pp. 214–68. His accounts of the battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic are on pages pp. 255–64.

  46. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives, p. 60.

  47. Jones, A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary, p. 78, p. 10.

  48. Chesnut, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, p. 361.

  49. Robson, How a One-Legged Rebel Lives, p. 36.

  50. The quotes on Jackson are all from O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 3, pp. 905–8.

  51. Strother, A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War, p. 55.

  52. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, p. 37; Gordon, Reminiscences of the Civil War, pp. 128–29.

  53. Benjamin S. Ewell, “Jackson and Ewell: The Latter’s Opinion of His Chief,” SHSP 20 (1892), p. 32.

  54. Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, p. 37.

  55. Jones, A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary, pp. 78–79.

  56. Munford, “Reminiscences of Jackson’s Valley Campaign,” p. 530.

  57. Jackson, Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson, p. 287.

  58. Boteler, “Stonewall Jackson in Campaign of 1862,” pp. 172–73.

  59. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 12, pt. 3, p. 908. Also see p. 913.

  PART 5 BROTHER AGAINST BROTHER

  High Hopes and Paranoia

  1. Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln vol. 4, pp. 443–44.

  2. The idea that these two generals resented him is in a letter from McClellan to his wife in McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 70. McClellan’s letters to Ellen are in the McClellan Papers in the Library of Congress. But they are far more accessible in Sears’s comprehensive, well-edited, and recently published collection. I have dipped into it repeatedly in putting together the next four stories.

  3. Russell, My Diary North and South, p. 240.

  4. André Maurois, “A Princely Service,” American Heritage 17 (April 1966), p. 58.

  5. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 70.

  6. Ibid., p. 71.

  7. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 5, pp. 6–8.

  8. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 75.

  9. Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 4, p. 446.

  10. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 70, p. 70n.

  11. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 11, pt. 3, p. 3.

  12. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 106.

  13. Ibid., p. 87, p. 84.

  14. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 11, pt. 3, p. 4.

  15. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 85.

  16. Ibid., p. 75, p. 79.

  17. Ibid., p. 81.

  18. Ibid., p. 84.

  19. Ibid., p. 75.

  20. Ibid., p. 86.

  21. Ibid., pp. 85–86.

  22. Ibid., pp. 106–7, p. 114.

  23. Ibid., p. 89, p. 91.

  24. Ibid., p. 89.

  25. Ibid., p. 98, p. 112.

  26. Ibid., pp. 123–24.

  27. John Hay, Lincoln and the Civil War in the Diaries and Letters of John Hay, ed. Tyler Dennett (New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1939), pp. 32–33.

  28. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 107, p. 136.

  29. Ibid., p. 135.

  30. Ibid., pp. 135–36, p. 113.

  31. Ibid., p. 113.

  32. Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 4, p. 469n.

  33. Hay, Lincoln and the Civil War, pp. 34–35.

  34. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 114.

  35. Ibid., p. 128.

  36. Hay, Lincoln and the Civil War, p. 27.

  37. Ibid., p. 31.

  38. Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 4, p. 470.

  39. Lincoln, Collected Works, vol. 5, p. 94, p. 94n.

  40. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 7, p. 535, p. 533.

  41. Montgomery C. Meigs, “General M. C. Meigs on the Conduct of the Civil War,” American Historical Review 26 (January 1921), p. 292.

  42. Ibid., pp. 292–93.

  43. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 155.

  44. Ibid., p. 187.

  45. Henry J. Raymond, The Life and Public Services of Abraham Lincoln … (New York: Derby and Miller, 1865), p. 773.

  46. Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 5, pp. 171–72.

  47. For this general order see Lincoln, Collected Works, vol. 5, pp. 111–12.

  48. Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 5, pp. 168–69.

  49. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 143, p. 154.

  50. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 5, pp. 42–45; McClellan, Civil War Papers, pp. 162–70.

  51. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 5, p. 42.

  52. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 223.

  53. Ibid., p. 196.

  54. Ibid., p. 211.

  Maryland, My Maryland

  1. Lincoln, Collected Works, vol. 5, p. 182.

  2. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 234.

  3. Lincoln, Collected Works, vol. 5, p. 185.

  4. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, p. 406.

  5. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 5, p. 1101.

  6. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 11, pt. 3, p. 71.

  7. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 230.

  8. Ibid., p. 235.

  9. Ibid., p. 269.

  10. Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 5, p. 366.

  11. Lincoln, Collected Works, vol. 5, p. 203.

  12. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 51, pt. 1, p. 589.

  13. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 252.

  14. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 11, pt. 3, p. 135.

  15. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, p. 26.

  16. McClellan, Civil War Papers, pp. 262–63.

  17. Ibid., pp. 244–45.

  18. Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 5, pp. 414–15.

  19. McClellan, Civil War Papers, pp. 305–6.

  20. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, p. 51.

  21. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 11, pt. 3, p. 259.

  22. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 330.

  23. Ibid., p. 361.

  24. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, p. 61.

  25. David Homer Bates, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office: Recollections of the United States Military Telegraph Corps during the Civil War (New York: Century Co., 1907), pp. 109–10.

  26. Lincoln, Collected Works, vol. 5, p. 322.

  27. Ibid., vol. 5, p. 301.

  28. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 348.

  29. Ibid., p. 362.

  30. Oliver Willcox Norton, “Little Mac’s A-Coming,” in Henry Steele Commager, ed., The Blue and the Gray: The Story of the Civil War as Told by Participants (1950; reprint [2 vols. in 1], New York: Fairfax Press, 1982), p. 195.

  31. McClellan, Civil War Papers, pp. 354–55.

  32. Ibid., p. 383.

  33. Ibid., p. 368.

  34. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 11, pt. 1, p. 89.

  35. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 417.

  36. Ibid., p. 419.

  37. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 11, pt. 1., p. 98.

  38. See Sears’s discussion in McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 403.

  39. Salmon Portland Chase, Inside Lincoln’s Cabinet: The Civil War Diaries of Salmon P. Chase, ed. David Donald (New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1954), p. 119.

  40. Hay, Lincoln and the Civil War,
p. 47.

  41. Helen Nicolay, Lincoln’s Secretary: A Biography of John G. Nicolay (New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1949), p. 149.

  42. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 406.

  43. Ibid., p. 435.

  44. Moore, The Story of a Cannoneer, p. 132; Hotchkiss, Make Me a Map of the Valley, p. 78.

  45. Clement Anselm Evans, Intrepid Warrior: Clement Anselm Evans, Confederate General from Georgia; Life, Letters, and Diaries of the War Years, comp. and ed. Robert Grier Stephens, Jr. (Dayton: Morningside, 1992), p. 169.

  46. Henry Kyd Douglas describes the crossing in “Stonewall Jackson in Maryland,” Battles and Leaders, vol. 2, p. 620, p. 621n.

  47. Alexander Hunter, “A High Private’s Account of the Battle of Sharpsburg,” Paper No. 1, SHSP 10 (1882), p. 509.

  48. Hotchkiss, Make Me a Map of the Valley, p. 82.

  49. Hunter, “A High Private’s Account of the Battle of Sharpsburg,” Paper No. 1, pp. 510–11.

  50. John Greenleaf Whittier, “Barbara Frietchie,” quoted in Sorrel, Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer, p. 108.

  51. O.R., ser. 1, vol. 19, pt. 1, pp. 25–26.

  52. McClellan, Civil War Papers, p. 445.

  53. Ibid., p. 449.

  54. Gibbon, Personal Recollections of the Civil War, p. 73.

  55. Lincoln, Collected Works, vol. 5, p. 426.

  56. Edward Porter Alexander, Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander, ed. Gary W. Gallagher (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989), p. 141. The text of the lost orders are in O.R., ser. 1, vol. 19, pt. 2, pp. 603–4. D. H. Hill argued after the war that the lost orders actually misled McClellan and in the end did Lee more good than harm. See Daniel Harvey Hill, “The Lost Dispatch,” The Land We Love 4 (February 1868), pp. 276–78.

  57. David H. Strother describes Reno’s death in “Personal Recollections of the War. By a Virginian,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 36 (February 1868), p. 278; and in A Virginia Yankee in the Civil War, p. 107.

  58. McClellan’s thinking is in O.R., ser. vol. 19, pt. 1, pp. 29–30.

  59. Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, p. 155.

  60. Compte de Paris, History of the Civil War in America, ed. Henry Coppée, rev. ed., 3 vols. (Philadelphia: Porter & Coates, 1876, 1883), vol. 2, pp. 325–26.

  61. Douglas, “Stonewall Jackson in Maryland,” p. 627; Hill’s report of this action is in O.R., ser. 1, vol. 19, pt. 1, p. 980.