Mongol invasion 18–20
See also Golden Horde
Mongolia 2, 375
Moniuszko, Stanislaw 233
Mons, Anna 80, 89
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de 114, 117, 119, 136, 152
Morozov, Boris 64, 73
Morozov, Savva 336
Morozov, Timofei 213
Morozova, Feodosia 239
Moscow Art Theater 336, 343, 415, 420
Moscow (city) 158–159, 212–214, 216, 219, 221, 231–232, 237–238, 261, 271
culture and 237, 339
early building and growth 41–46, 44, 61–63
industrialization 158–59, 212–14, 216, 219, 221, 231–32, 237–38
Kremlin 22, 40–41, 160
Napoleon invades 148–149
Polish occupation of 57–58
Revolution of 1905 and 285
Revolution of 1917 and 299, 302
riots of 17th century 64–66
Soviet capital moved to 306, 312
Soviet centralization of government in 328, 330
textile strike of 1885 213
WW II Battle for 380–382, 386
Moscow Conservatory 231–232, 235–236
Moscow Institute of Problems of Physics 419
Moscow (principality) 22–23, 29–36
annexes Novgorod and becomes Russia (1478) 37
Horde burns (1382) 23
Isodorios and 35–36
monastic revival in 29–33
Moscow show trials 358–361
Moscow University 105–107, 125–126, 128–129, 148, 162, 260, 347
Moscow Yiddish theater 395
Mstislav, Grand Prince of Kiev Rus 12
Mukden, Battle of 284
Münnich, Count Burkhard 101–102
Murav’ev, Nikita 153
musketeers 62, 78
revolts of 60, 75–76, 82, 234, 239
Mussolini, Benito 374, 378, 380, 388
Mussorgsky, Modest 56, 177, 232–234, 236
Nagorno-Karabakh 449
Nagy, Imre 441
Napoleon Bonaparte 140–142, 144–149, 152, 173, 245, 253
Napoleon III, Emperor of France 170, 250
Narva, siege of 84–85
Nasser, Gamal 441
Natalia Naryshkina, Tsaritsa (wife of Aleksei I) 74–76, 78–80
NATO 439
Navoi, Alisher 423
Nechaev, Sergei 202–203, 242
Nerchinsk, Treaty of 82
Nesselrode, Karl von 160, 252
Nestor, Monk 16–17
Netherlands (Dutch) 42, 53, 81, 96, 147
New Economic Policy (NEP) 317–320, 323–325, 329–330, 343–346, 349–350, 365
Nicholas I, Tsar 154–176, 178–181, 184, 186–187, 201, 215, 228, 249, 252, 256, 259
Nicholas II, Tsar 211, 258, 276–292, 278, 297–298, 308
constitutional government of 1907–14 288–292
execution of 308
Nicolai, Baron 252
Nietzsche, Friedrich 335
Nifont, Bishop of Novgorod 15
Nightingale, Florence 170
nihilists 196–199
Nijinskii, Vatslav 339
Nikon, Patriarch 64, 66, 68–70, 73
Nil Sorskii 46
Nixon, Richard 445
Nizami of Gandzha 423
Nizhnii Novgorod (Gorkii) 58, 109, 281, 412
NKVD (formerly GPU) 358–363, 365, 366, 385, 421
Nobel family 212, 220, 265
Nogai Horde 37, 38
North Caucasus 168, 263–265, 288, 302, 327, 400, 454
Nöteborg (Schlüsselburg), siege of 85
Novgorod 1–4, 6, 12–13, 19, 21, 23–28, 33, 45, 52, 58
archeological excavations of 24–26, 25
Moscow annexes 37, 41–42
pagan revolt of 1071 15
Novikov, Nikolai 128–129, 135, 139
Novosil’tsev, Nikolai 143, 150
nuclear industry 397, 408–410, 425, 430
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 439
nuclear weapons 421, 430–431, 436–439, 445
Nystad, Treaty of (1721) 95–96
October Manifesto 285, 289
Octobrist party 289
Odessa 134, 157, 221, 259, 284, 314–315, 329
pogrom of 1905 285
Odessa University 260
Ogedei, Khan 20
OGPU 362, 413
oil and gas industry 220, 222–223, 265, 316, 327–328, 386, 403, 405, 408–409, 454, 455
Okudzhava, Bulat 426
Old Believers 71–72, 111, 123, 156, 161, 212–213, 239
Oldenburgskii, Prince A.P. 347
Oleg, Grand Prince of Kiev 3, 6, 15
Olga, Grand Princess of Kiev 6
oligarchs 449, 453–458
Oprichnina 52–53
Order 00447 359
Order no. 1, 299
Ordin-Nashchokin, Afanasii 73
Ordzhonikidze, Sergo 316, 328, 353, 357–358, 363, 366
Orenburg, seige of 123–124
Orlov, Aleksei 116, 121
Orlov, Grigorii 115–116
Orlova, Liubov’ 418
Orthodox Church xvii, 7–10, 14–17, 21, 28, 60, 65, 107, 111, 118, 130, 151, 160–161, 230, 241, 243, 247, 338–339, 368, 406–407
adopted by Vladimir 7–8
autocephaly 45, 54
Council of 1666–67 70–72
Council of Florence and 35–36
Judaizers and 45
lands secularized 117, 126
monastic controversy of 16th century 46–47
monastic revival of 14th century 29–32
Nikon reforms of, and Old Believers 64, 68–72
Ottoman Empire and 169, 171
Peter the Great and 83, 90, 92, 95–96
Slavophiles and 164
schism of 1054 and 9–10, 16
Orwell, George 346
Ostermann, Count Andrei 101–102
Ottoman Empire (Turks) 38, 39, 48, 73, 77, 263
Alexander I’s war vs. 146, 148, 152
Anna’s war vs. 102
Crimean War and 170–171
Greek revolt of 1821 and 152
Peter the Great’s war vs. 80–83
war of 1769–74 and 118–119, 121–122, 148
war of 1787–91 and 133–134
war of 1827–29 168–170
war of 1877–78 249–251
WW I and 291–293, 297
paganism 6, 15, 16, 26, 28
Pahlen, Count Peter von der 141
Pakistan 446
Panin, Count Nikita 115, 117, 123, 129
Panin, Count N.P. (nephew) 141
Paris, Peace of (1856) 171, 188, 250
Paskevich, Ivan 252–253
Pasternak, Boris 345–346, 414–415, 417, 420, 424–425, 428
Paul, Tsar 114, 123, 128–129, 138–142, 145, 151–152, 254–255
Pavlov, Ivan 347, 349
Pechenegs 5–7, 12
Pereiaslav Treaty (1654) 66–68
Perestroika 428, 448–451, 459
Perovskaia, Sofia 206
Pestel’, Pavel 153, 155
Peter, Saint, Metropolitan of Kiev 23, 31
Peter I, the Great, Emperor, xvii, xxi, 60, 74–100, 89, 106, 131, 164, 199, 208, 239, 257, 336
culture and state transformed by 79, 82–83, 92–99, 106
death of 99–100
navy and 80–81
Orthodox church and 90, 95–96
personality and travels by 77, 79–82, 84–85, 88–90
regency of Sofia and 76–78
son Aleksei attempts to overthrow 90–92
St. Petersburg built by 85, 87–88, 90
war vs. Sweden and 82–87
Peter II, Tsar 99, 102
Peter III, Tsar 113–116, 122–123, 138
Petipa, Marius 236
Petliura, Semyon 312, 314
Petrashevski, Mikhail 165–166, 241–242
Petrov, Yevgeni 345
Phot
ios, Metropolitan of Kiev 35
Piatakov, Georgii 358
Pirogov, Nikolai 170
Plato 5
Platon Levshin, Metropolitan of Moscow 126
Plehve, Viacheslav 279, 282
Plekhanov, Georgii 226–227, 295
Pobedonostev, Konstantin 242–243, 272–273
Poland 1, 28–29, 50, 73, 77, 117–118, 158, 166, 213, 251–255, 258, 270, 288
Anna’s war vs. 102
constitution of 1791 134–135, 153
constitution of 1815 166–167
Napoleonic wars and 147, 149–150
partition of 1772 121, 258
partition of 1791 134–135
partition of 1794 135
Peter the Great and 83–84
post-WW II 389, 400, 432, 441, 444
revolt of 1768–72 118, 121
revolt of 1787 133–134
revolt of 1830 and 167
revolt of 1863–64 193, 201, 250, 253–254
Revolution of 1905 and 284, 288
Revolution of 1917 and 314–315, 326
serfdom and 137, 152, 253
treaty of 1667 66, 73
war of 1632 vs. 60
Warsaw riots of 1861 193
WW I and 297
WW II and 372, 374–375, 377, 389, 391–392
Poland, Kingdom of 150, 253–254
Poland-Lithuania 28–29, 38–39, 47, 50–51, 57–58, 65–66
Poliakov, Samuel 214–215
Poliane/Rus tribe 6
Polish Home Army 391
Polish National Democrats 254, 288
Politburo (later Presidium) 310, 325, 328, 359, 364–366, 423, 448
Polotskii, Simeon 71–72
Poltava, Battle of 86
Poniatowski, Stanislaw, King of Poland 114, 118, 121, 133–135
Popov, Alexander 423
Portsmouth Treaty (1905) 277, 284
Pospelov, P.N. 399, 400
Potemkin, Grigorii 122–124, 130, 133, 134, 211
Potemkin mutiny 284
Pozharski, Prince Dmitrii 58
Prague conference (1912) 291
Preobrazhenskii, Evgenii 322
Presidium (formerly Politburo) 397–398, 401, 402
Prezent, Isaak 419–420
Primary Chronicle 3–4, 8–9, 15, 29
Princip, Gavrilo 292, 294
Prokofiev, Sergei 27, 339, 341–342, 346, 418, 422, 427
Prokopovich, Bishop Feofan 90, 92
Proskurov massacre 312
Protasov, Count N.A. 160–161
Protestantism 69, 72, 118, 150, 151, 164
provincial administration 63–64
Alexander II and 193–194
Alexander III and 273–274
Catherine II and 126, 131–133
Paul I and 139
Peter the Great and 83, 87, 93–94, 98
Provincial Assembly of Nobility 132
Provisional Government 298–303, 308, 327
Prussia 26–27, 113, 118, 121, 133, 135, 137, 151, 152, 250, 274
Crimean War and 171
Napoleonic Wars and 146–147, 149–150
Seven Years War and 104, 108, 114–115
Puffendorf, Samuel 94–95, 136
Pugachev, Emelian 123–125, 130, 157, 178
Pugacheva, Alla 427
Pushkin, Alexander 56, 106, 112, 165, 175–182, 185, 234, 243, 367
Pushkina, Natalia 178–179
Putin, Vladimir 427, 456–458
Radek, Karl 358, 416
Radishchev, Alexander 135–136, 139
Rakhmaninov, Sergei 337, 339, 342
Rall, Alexander 174
Rasputin, Grigorii 290, 297–298
Rastrelli, Bartolomeo 104, 131
Razin, Stenka 59–60, 66–67
Razumovskii, Aleksei 103, 111
Razumovskii, Kirill, Hetman of Ukraine 111
Red Army 306–308, 310, 312–316, 327, 372–382, 385, 387, 389–392
Air Force 377–379, 384
purge of 1937–38 359, 377
Red Guards 301, 303–304, 306
Red Terror of 1918 308
Repin, Ilya 238–239
Reutern, Mikhail 214
Rhee, Syngman 436
Rhineland 140, 150, 373
Ribbentrop, Joachim von xvi, 375
Rimskii-Korsakov, Nikolai 232–234, 236, 337, 339
Rokotov, Fyodor 131
Roman Catholic Church 7, 9–10, 28–29, 69, 97, 72, 107, 111, 118, 164
Romanov, Fyodor Nikitich. See Filaret
Romanov-Koshkin, Iurii 48
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 388–389
Roosevelt, Theodore 284
Rosen, Baron G.F. 174
Rostovtsev, Iakov 189–190
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 136, 152
Rubinstein, Anton 174, 231–233
Rubinstein, Nikolai 231–232, 234, 237
Rublev, Andrei 32–33, 426
Ruffo, Marco 43
Rumania 21, 169, 171, 372, 377, 389, 391, 402, 432, 441, 450
Rurik, ruler of Novgorod 3–4
Rurikovichi dynasty 3–4, 6–7, 13
Rus, origin of xvi, 3–4
See also Kiev Rus
Rus Justice 11–12
Russia
idea of xviii
formation of state, with rise of Moscow 22–25
maps of xx–xxiii
post-Soviet See (Russian Federation)
Soviet See (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
Russian Academy of Sciences 94, 105, 107, 125–126, 135, 347, 349, 406–407, 416, 419
Russian Association of Proletarian Music 414
Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP) 414
Russian Constitution
(Fundamental Laws) of 1906 285–286
of 1993 456
Russian Duma
1905–17 211, 285–288, 290, 295, 297–298, 327, 338
post-Soviet 454, 456, 458
Russian Federation (post-Soviet) xvi–xvii, 457–459
Russian language 19, 35
first dictionary 129
grammar codified 106
Russian Ministry of Education 142, 150–151, 159–160, 172, 228, 230, 260, 274
Russian Ministry of Finance 208, 214, 215, 220, 228, 229, 269, 276, 281
Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 176, 208, 267, 303
Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs 156
Russian Ministry of Justice 144
Russian Ministry of the Court 173, 230, 236, 338
Russian Ministry of the Interior 188–189, 193–195, 205–206, 208, 279
Special Department 151, 176–177
Russian Ministry of the Navy 188–189
Russian Ministry of War 147, 151, 189, 196, 266
Russian Navy 80–81, 102, 121, 170, 252, 284, 294
Russian Revolution of 1905 221, 248, 272, 283–288, 294, 338
Russian Revolution of 1917 xviii, 293, 296, 298–304, 335, 341–342, 346–347, 360–361
Russian Senate (Tsarist) 87, 90–91, 101–103, 138, 144, 208
Secret Department of 136
Russification 258, 270, 274
Russo-Japanese War (1904–5) 269–270, 282–284, 293–294
Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) 215, 243, 251
Rustaveli, Shota 423
Rutherford, Ernest 349
Rutskoi, Alexander 454
Rykov, Aleksei 324, 360
Ryleev, Kondratii 153, 155
Sakharov, Andrei 406–407, 411–412, 426, 448–449
salt trade 42, 64, 110
Saltykov, Sergei 114
Samoilovych, Ivan, Hetman of the Ukraine 77
Sand, Georges 181–182
Sarai 20–22
Savvatii, Saint 30–31
Schelling, Friedrich 162
Scott, Sir Walter 175
Scythians 2, 147
Sechenov, Ivan 229–230
Secret Chancellery 102
Semenov, Iulian 427
Senkovskii, Osip 178, 181
Seraphim of Sarov, Saint 161
Serbia 169, 250, 291, 293–294
serfs and serfdom 67, 139–140, 145, 152–153, 157, 159, 164, 166, 171, 183–184, 253, 261–262
Catherine II and 117, 120–121, 123–126, 136–137
emancipation of 188–193, 197
emancipation of, in Baltic provinces 150, 254
emancipation of, in Georgia 167
ended on church lands 117
established 27, 54–56, 59, 61–62, 108–112, 120
Sergii of Radonezh, Saint 29–31, 46
Serov, Valentin 337
Sevastopol, siege of 170–171, 186, 244
Seven Years War 104, 114–115, 117
Shaliapin, Fyodor 337, 342
Shamil, Imam 168, 264
Shemiaka, Dmitrii 33–34
Sherwood, John 154
Shevchenko, Taras 261–262, 367, 423
Shishkin, Ivan 239
Sholokhov, Mikhail 414, 420, 428
Shostakovich, Dmitrii 343–344, 385, 414, 416–418, 421–424, 427–428
Shuiskii, Prince Vasilii 57
Shulalov, Alexander 103
Shulalov, Peter 103
Shuvalov, Count Ivan 104–106
Shuvalov, Count Petr 203
Siberia 1, 37–38, 42, 53, 59, 70–71, 110, 155–156, 216–218, 222, 249
border of 61
Civil War and 308, 312–314, 316
railroad and 276–277
USSR and 329, 365–366, 368, 394, 408
WW II and 380, 385, 386
Sigismund, King of Poland 57
Sikorsky, Igor 221, 342
Silvestr, Priest 50–51
Skobelev, Mikhail 266
Skoropadskii, Ivan 93
Skoropadskii, Pavel 306
Skriabin, Alexander 337
Slansky, Rudolf 433
Slavophiles 95, 162, 164, 181, 200–202, 213, 241–242, 244, 255, 272
Smolensk 14, 28, 47, 58, 60, 66
Smol’nyi Institute 126, 302–303
Sobchak, Anatolii 456
Social Democratic Workers’ Party 227
Social Democrats 282, 285, 288
“socialism in one country,” 322–323
socialist realism 335, 416
Socialists-Revolutionaries, Party of (SRs) 227, 280–283, 288, 294, 299–304, 306–308, 310, 321, 325
Sofia, Tsarevna (regent, sister of Peter the Great and Ivan V) 76–79, 82
Solari, Pietro Antonio 43
Solomoniia Saburova, Grand Princess of Moscow (wife of Vasilii III) 47
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 411–412, 424–426
Sophia Paleologue, Grand Princess of Moscow (wife of Ivan III) 47
South Ossetia 328, 451
South Western Railway 275
Soviet Union. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Soviet Ministry of Defense 402
Soviet Ministry of Education 347
Soviet Ministry of Finance 346, 347
Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs and State Security 397
Soviet Ministry of Natural Gas Industry 449
Soviet Ministry of State Security 396
Soviet People’s Army (1918–20) 306, 308
A Concise History of Russia (Cambridge Concise Histories) Page 58