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Megafire Page 40

by Michael Kodas


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  3. Ibid.

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  4. Karels et al., “Yarnell Hill Fire.”

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  32. NINETEEN

  1. Jim Karels et al., “Yarnell Hill Fire, June 30, 2013: Serious Accident Investigation Report” (State of Arizona, September 23, 2013), http://www.iawfonline.org/Yarnell_Hill_Fire_report.pdf.

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  2. Holly Neill and John N. Maclean, “Discoveries in Yarnell Hill Fire Recordings Provide New Information About Location of Eric Marsh,” Wildfire Today, January 19, 2014, http://wildfiretoday.com/2014/01/19/discoveries-in-yarnell-hill-fire-recordings-provide-new-information-about-location-of-eric-marsh/.

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  3. Karels et al., “Yarnell Hill Fire.”

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  4. Ibid.

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  5. Statements by members of the Blue Ridge Hotshots (redacted), including Brian Frisby and Rogers Trueheart Brown, July 1, 2013, in Wildland Fire Associates, prepared for Arizona Division of Occupational Safety and Health, “Granite Mountain IHC Entrapment and Burnover Investigation: Yarnell Hill Fire—June 30, 2013” (November 2013), http://www.iawfonline.org/WildlandFireAssociatesReportYARNELL.pdf.

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  33. BLOWBACK

  1. Russ Wiles and Robert Anglen, “Over $13 Mil Raised After Yarnell Tragedy: Big and Small, Donations Pour In for Hotshots’ Families,” Arizona Republic, December 24, 2013, http://archive.azcentral.com/business/news/articles/20131207yarnell-tragedy-millions-raised.html.

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  2. Pete Wertheim, “Prescott Examines Fiscal Impact of Wildfire Tragedy, Benefits, Hotshot Rebuilding,” Prescott eNews, August 14, 2013, http://www.prescottenews.com/index.php/news/current-news/item/22104-prescott-examines-fiscal-impact-of-wildfire-tragedy-benefits-hotshot-rebuilding.

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  3. Carter Evans, “Ariz. Hotshot Widow Juliann Ashcraft Fighting for Denied Benefits,” CBS News, August 5, 2013, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ariz-hotshot-widow-juliann-ashcraft-fighting-for-denied-benefits/.

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  4. Tamara Sone, “City Won’t Budge on Ashcraft Status: Widow Takes Her Plea to the Courthouse Plaza,” Prescott Daily Courier, August 8, 2013, https://www.dcourier.com/news/2013/aug/08/city-wont-budge-on-ashcraft-status-widow-takes-he/.

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  5. “Minutes of the Special Voting Meeting of the Prescott City Council,” Prescott, AZ, March 10, 2015, http://prescottaz.iqm2.com/Citizens/FileOpen.aspx?Type=12&ID=1160&Inline=True.

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  6. Felicia Fonseca, “Yarnell Hill Homeowners Suing State Alleging Mismanagement,” Associated Press, June 25, 2014, http://www.firehouse.com/news/11534335/yarnell-homeowners-sue-arizona-saying-mismanagement-at-fault.

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  7. Jim Karels et al., “Yarnell Hill Fire, June 30, 2013: Serious Accident Investigation Report” (State of Arizona, September 23, 2013), http://www.iawfonline.org/Yarnell_Hill_Fire_report.pdf.

  [back]

  8. Wildland Fire Associates, prepared for Arizona Division of Occupational Safety and Health, “Granite Mountain IHC Entrapment and Burnover Investigation: Yarnell Hill Fire—June 30, 2013” (November 2013), http://www.iawfonline.org/WildlandFireAssociatesReportYARNELL.pdf.

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  9. J. J. Hensley and Yvonne Wingett Sanchez, “Feds Blocked Key Interviews in State Inquiry,” Arizona Republic, December 6, 2013, http://archive.azcentral.com/news/arizona/articles/20131205feds-blocked-key-interviews-state-inquiry.html.

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  10. Bill Gabbert, “Forest Service’s Explanation for Their Refusal to Fully Cooperate with Yarnell Hill Fire Investigations,” Wildfire Today, December 9, 2013, http://wildfiretoday.com/2013/12/09/forest-services-explanation-for-their-refusal-to-fully-cooperate-with-yarnell-hill-fire-investigations/.

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  11. Holly Neill and John N. Maclean, “Discoveries in Yarnell Hill Fire Recordings Provide New Information About Location of Eric Marsh,” Wildfire Today, January 19, 2014, http://wildfiretoday.com/2014/01/19/discoveries-in-yarnell-hill-fire-recordings-provide-new-information-about-location-of-eric-marsh/.

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  12. Yvonne Wingett Sanchez and J. J. Hensley, “Hotshot Team’s Future in Question: Amid Vows to Rebuild, Logistical Hurdles Abound,” Arizona Republic, August 17, 2013, http://archive.azcentral.com/news/arizona/articles/20130813hotshot-team-future-question.html.

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  13. Bill Gabbert, “Ironwood Hotshots to Be Disbanded,” Wildfire Today, March 14, 2014, http://wildfiretoday.com/2014/03/04/ironwood-hotshots-to-be-disbanded/.

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  14. Lynne LaMaster, “Former Chief Darrell Willis Says ICMA Report on the Wildland Division Tampered With,” Prescott eNews, March 17, 2015, http://www.prescottenews.com/news/current-news/item/25136-former-chief-darrell-willis-says-icma-report-on-the-wildland-division-tampered-with.

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  15. Robert Anglen, Dennis Wagner, and Yvonne Wingett Sanchez, “Yarnell Fire: New Account of Hotshot Deaths,” Arizona Republic, April 3, 2015, http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/arizona/investigations/2015/04/04/yarnell-fire-new-account-hotshot-deaths/25284535/.

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  16. Cindy Barks, “Nearly 2 Years After Hotshot Tragedy, New Account Emerges,” Prescott Daily Courier, April 9, 2015, http://www.dcourier.com/news/2015/apr/09/nearly-2-years-after-hotshot-tragedy-new-account-/.

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  17. Yvonne Wingett Sanchez, “Yarnell Hill Fire Lawsuits Settle for $670,000, Reforms,” Azcentral.com, June 29, 2015, last updated June 30, 2015, http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona/2015/06/29/yarnell-hill-fire-lawsuits-settlement-press-conference/29463359/.

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  18. “Yarnell Hill Fire Settlement Press Conference,” Fox 10, Phoenix, June 29, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7GASJl5T6Q.

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  19. “Mac and Gaydos Talk with Brendan McDonough,” Mac & Gaydos, KTAR News, May 2, 2016, http://ktar.com/category/podcast_player/?a=321314&sid=1002&n=Mac+%26+Gaydos.

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  EPILOGUE

  1. Bill Gabbert, “Victims of Escaped Prescribed Fire in Colorado Receiving Settlement Checks,” Wildfire Today, July 29, 2014, http://wildfiretoday.com/tag/lower-north-fork-fire/.

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  2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack Announces Action to Combat Insects and Diseases That Weaken Forests, Increase Fire Risk,” news release, May 20, 2014, https://www.fs.fed.us/news/releases/agriculture-secretary-tom-vilsack-announces-action-combat-insects-and-diseases-weaken.

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  3. “Senate Introduces the Bipartisan Wildfire Disaster Funding Act,” Wilderness Society, January 22, 2015, http://wilderness.org/press-release/senate-introduces-bipartisan-wildfire-disaster-funding-act.

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  Index

  A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

  A

  Abel, Todd, 277, 281, 289

  aggressive initial attack, 136–38, 218, 221

  Aiken, Ann, 208

  air tankers. See also Modular Airborne Fire Fighting Systems (MAFFS); single engine air tankers (SEATs); very large air tankers (VLATs); specific fire names

  availability of, 137, 203, 204

  crashes, 201–2, 211–13, 215

  jet-powered, 204

  privatization of firefighting and, 140–42

  Supertanker, 15, 204

  on Yavapai County Timeline, 249

  Alaska, 18, 77, 152, 155

  albedo effect, 146

  Allen, Craig, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132–33

  Allen, Diana, 183

  Alpine Hotshots, 225

  Al Qaeda, 170–71, 311

  Appel, Ann (and Scott), 89, 90–91, 92, 94, 95, 100, 180, 310

  Arapaho Fire (2012), 211

  Arizona, 18, 62, 131, 222, 263, 272. See also specific fire names; specific place names

  Arizona Division of Occupationa
l Safety and Health (ADOSH), 300–301, 302, 306

  Arizona Interagency Dispatch Center, 273, 276–77, 278

  Arizona State Forestry Division, 275, 300, 305–6

  Arizona Wildfire Academy, 9, 253, 261, 265, 308

  arson, 15, 119, 159, 170–73, 224, 247

  Ashcraft, Andrew and Juliann, 9, 258, 269, 271, 298–99, 300, 306

  Asmussen, Jess, 158–59

  Aspen Park, Colorado, 93, 94

  atomic bombs, 118–22, 202

  Augur, Tracy, 123

  Australia, xii, xiii, 14–15, 20, 130, 170, 171

  B

  Bach, Steve, 181, 188–89

  Baker, William, 67

  Balch, Jennifer, 172

  Bandelier National Monument, 118, 119

  Barton, Terry Lynn, 171

  Bastrop Fire (2011), 44, 149, 152

  Battaglia, Mike, 62–63, 65, 66, 103

  Battle Fire (1972), 6, 246

  Baxter, Adam, 158

  beetles, 64, 160–64, 228, 252

  Bel Air–Brentwood Fire (1961), 104–5

  Bennet, Michael, 155

  Biden, Joe, 296

  Big Blowup (1910), 56–57, 58, 67, 139, 308

  Big Turnaround Fire (2007), 18

  Binkley, Dan, xiii–xiv

  Biogeography Lab, 67, 163, 226

  birds dependent on fire, 47, 69, 144, 166

  bison, 41–42, 43, 47–48

  Bitterroot Mountains, 55, 56–57

  Black Dragon Fire, 44–46

  Black Forest Fire (2013), 229–34, 241, 310

  Black Forest Fire/Rescue Protection District, 229–30, 231–32, 233, 234

  blackline, 71–72, 79, 81, 120, 315

  Blankenship, David, 183

  Blue Ridge Hotshots, 276–77, 279, 280, 282, 284–85, 292, 301, 305

  Bobcat Gulch Fire, 80

  Bob Marshall Wilderness, 142

  Bock, Carl, 41–42

  Bonnie, Robert, 239

  Bortnikov, Alexander, 170–71

  Boulder and Boulder County, Colorado, ix, 107–11, 123, 185, 314

  Boulder Springs Ranch, 278, 279, 285, 289, 293, 302

  Bowman, David, 130

  Bozell, Ellen, 157

  Bradley, Bethany, 166–67

  Breckenridge, Colorado, 159

  Breshears, Dave, 129

  Brisley, Harry, 248

  British Columbia, 161

  Brown, Rich, 181

  Brown, Rogers Trueheart, 280, 292

  Brown, Tim, xiv

  Bruening, David, 97–98

  Brutout, Dave, 91–92, 97, 100, 310

  Buffalo Creek Fire (1996), 69, 88

  Bugaboo Scrub Fire (2007), 18

  bunchgrasses, 34, 165

  Bureau of Land Management, 135, 165, 206, 274, 275, 280–81

  Busby, Chris, 125–26

  Bush, George W., 65

  Bushey, Chuck, 202, 204

  Butry, David, 172

  C

  C-119 Flying Boxcars, 206

  C-130 planes, 15, 205–7, 209, 210–13, 217, 278

  Cache la Poudre River, 147, 148, 157, 159

  Caldwell, Robert and Claire, 9, 260–65, 294

  California, xii, 18, 50–51, 104, 116, 133, 165, 171, 198, 205, 222, 237. See also specific fire names; specific place names

  Camarillo, California, 205

  Campbell, Scott, 231–32, 233

  campfires, xv, 115, 140, 172, 225, 237

  Canada, xiii, 16–17, 149, 161, 204

  Canary Islands, 16

  Cannon, Robert, 210–11

  Cantwell-Hastings bill, 301

  carbon dioxide, 16, 17, 48, 133

  carbon sequestration, 17, 42, 133, 155, 240

  Carey, Dave, 210

  Carmody, Rachel, 46–47

  Carson Helicopters, 207–8

  Carter, Travis, 266–67

  Castle Fire (1979), 7, 246

  cattle, 18, 28–29, 33, 34, 41, 43, 44, 63, 130, 140, 144

  Cawlfield, Gregg, 230

  Cedar Fire (2003), 217

  Cedar Heights neighborhood, 179–80, 181, 192

  Cerny, David, 18

  Cerro Grande Fire (2000), 118, 121, 123, 128, 131

  cesium, 124

  Chambless, Ronnie Edwin, 202

  chaparral

  fires in, 262, 263, 264

  homes in, 104, 123, 251

  plants in, 272

  Prescott and Yarnell, around, 251, 272, 273, 276, 278, 280, 283, 285, 290, 303

  cheatgrass, 165–69, 201, 262

  Checkoway, Barry, 122–23

  Cheney, Dick, 53, 54

  Chernobyl, Ukraine, and disaster, 124–25

  chimpanzees, 46–47, 224

  China, xiii, 44–46, 149

  chinook winds, 82

  Chino Valley Fire Department, 6–11

  Chrachol, Jerry, 98

  Christensen, Nick, 148

  CIA, 207, 208

  Clearwater National Forest, 217–20, 222

  Clearwater-Potlatch Timber Protective Association, 218–20

  climate change. See also droughts; heat waves

  in Arizona, 263

  changes in trees and forests with, 132–33

  cheatgrass spreading and, 167

  future fire predictions and, 240

  greenhouse gases and, 12, 16, 17, 18, 48

  human responsibility for, 151–52

  increased fire threat with, 12, 139–40, 226

  insect pests and, 163, 240

  public communication about, 150–51, 156

  Climate for Change, A (Hayhoe and Farley), 151

  coal fires, 159

  Cohen, Jack, 104–5

  Cole, Marty, 254–55

  Collas, Ted, 189

  Collura, Joy, 279–80

  Colorado, 18, 23, 28–29, 61–63, 65–67, 69–70, 80–83, 101–104, 106–7, 149, 165, 167, 171–72, 214–15, 217, 224–27, 235–37, 240, 310–13. See also specific fire names; specific place names

  Colorado Chautauqua cottage, ix–x, 62

  Colorado Firefighting Air Corps, 311–12

  Colorado Front Range, 62–63, 68, 146, 154, 194, 314, 315. See also Boulder and Boulder County, Colorado; specific fire names

  Colorado Springs, Colorado, 17, 160, 171–72, 178–80, 181–85, 186–200, 209–10, 235, 240–41. See also Waldo Canyon Fire (2012)

  Colorado Springs Fire Department, 178, 181–84, 188, 191–92, 195, 196–97, 198–99, 233

  Colorado Springs Police Department, 191–92, 193

  Colorado Springs Utilities, 183, 188, 193, 195

  Colorado State Forest Service

  High Park Fire and, 147

  Lower North Fork Fire and, 92, 145

  maps showing Red Zones, 101, 107

  prescribed burns, 71, 72, 73, 74, 78, 80–81, 84, 89, 95

  Colorado State University, xiii, 13, 32, 145, 163, 225

  Congress Fire District, 273

  Conifer Meadows, Colorado, 84, 85

  Connecticut, 49–50, 51–55, 58

  control line, 72, 73, 78, 80, 81

  Cordes, Gary, 278, 286, 288

  Cottrell, Dave, 94, 101

  Courthouse Plaza (Prescott, Arizona), 245, 247, 248

  Couton, Pascal and Océane, 16

  Cox, Ryan, 80–81

  Crazy Woman Mountain, 51

  crown fires

  beetle-killed trees and, 162–64

  brush crush effect on, 257

  grazing and fire suppression leading to, 130

  homes and, 76

  ladder fuels and, 64, 66, 89

  lodgepole pines and, 103

  in New Mexico and Arizona, 131

  ponderosa pine forests and, 263

  running/racing, 93, 111

  Whitewater-Baldy Fire, during, 134

  Crown King Fire Department, 267

  Crystal Mountain, 147

  Custer, George, 41

  D

  Dalai Lama, 208

  Daniels, Jerry “Hog,” 209

 
David, Ryan S., 210

  Day, Chad, 31–32, 33, 34

  debt-ceiling standoff (2011), 238, 239

  Deford, Dustin, 267

  Denver, Colorado, 69, 79, 126, 127, 158

  Denver strike teams, 195, 196–97

  Denver Water, 69, 70, 71–72, 75, 78, 83, 84, 89

  Derr, Bill, 142–43

  Devils Head, 87, 90, 201

  Devore, California, 237

  dispersal of population, 121–23

  Doce Fire (2013), 8, 265, 266, 268, 270, 273

  Doesken, Nolan, 145–47, 149, 150, 155–56

  dog-hair thickets, 67, 76

  Dorman, Scott, 226

  Double Bar A Ranch, 277, 282

  Douglas fir, 63, 72, 77, 109, 132

  droughts

  climate change and, 12, 129, 130

  in Colorado, 69, 74

  on Crazy Woman Mountain, 51

  fire danger with, 86, 124, 131–32, 145, 152, 153, 162, 270

  fire season extension with, 224

  forest drought-stress index, 132

  grassfires and, 34, 44

  insect pests and, 129, 161, 163

  in Jemez mountains in 1950s, 139

  Keetch-Byram Drought Index, 79

  Last Chance Fire and, 164

  livestock feeding and, 28–29

  prairies and, 42

  prescribed burns and, 73, 101

  trees killed by, 132

  drug-smuggling operations, 206–7

  Dude Fire (1990), 7, 251, 262

  Dump Fire (2012), 116

  Duncan, Michael, and family, 192

  Dust Bowl, 224

  dust storms, 29, 46, 146

  dwarf mistletoe, 64

  E

  East Amarillo Complex (2006), 18, 44

 

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