Cross and Scepter
Page 32
dioceses, 46, 72, 77, 200, 234
divorce, 71, 80
Dominicans, 73, 203
donations, to the Church. See gifts
dowry, 237, 241, 243, 264
dynasties, 23, 27, 31, 32, 39, 52–55, 56, 57, 59, 82, 84, 146, 165, 167, 168, 204, 205, 212, 214, 217–19, 238–40, 242, 244, 246, 263, 270, 273, 275, 281, 288; continuity of, 29, 52, 21; discontinuity of, 273, 274
East Central Europe, 6, 7, 36, 37, 38, 69, 114, 129, 239, 275
Ebo, Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen, 63
Edward the Confessor, King of England, 39
Egil Skallagrimsson, 86, 87
Egils Saga, 88
Eirik Ivarsson, Archbishop of Nidaros, 81, 82
Eirik Magnusson, King of Norway (1280–99), 44, 148, 164, 221, 240
Eirik Håkonsson, Norwegian earl, 27, 31
election charters, 53, 93, 148–50, 169, 172, 244, 261, 264, 273, 277, 283
elections, ecclesiastical, 81; episcopal, 2, 80, 85, 277, 281; royal, 2, 52, 54–56, 104, 149, 150, 163, 213, 214, 221, 239, 249, 250, 257, 260, 261, 266, 267, 272–77, 284–87
Empire, 4, 12, 22, 29, 35, 69, 290; Carolingian, 6, 7, 12, 14, 22, 25, 27, 29, 35, 37, 69, 191, 211; German, 77; Habsburg, 268; idea of, 4; Roman, 6, 204, 211, 212
Engelbrekt Chronicle, 250, 253
Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, 251–54, 256, 257
England, 11, 21–24, 31–34, 36, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46, 59, 65, 68, 69, 94, 106, 107, 110, 113, 124, 131, 140–42, 147, 153, 178, 190, 212, 213, 233, 238, 267, 268, 271, 283
Ericus Olai, 170
Erik dynasty (Sweden), 50, 51, 53, 55
Erik I Ejegod, King of Denmark (1095–1103), 53
Erik II Emune, King of Denmark (1134–37), 110, 112
Erik Eriksson, King of Sweden (d. 1250), 56
Erik IV Plovpenning, King of Denmark (1241–50), 162, 237
Erik V Klipping, King of Denmark (1259–86), 50, 51, 104, 141, 148, 149, 160, 162, 163, 223, 230, 237, 241
Erik Magnusson, Swedish duke (d. 1318), 114, 154, 215, 216, 229, 230, 241, 242
Erik Magnusson, Swedish prince (d. 1359), 242, 245, 246
Erik VI Menved, King of Denmark, (1286–1319), 42, 48, 114, 116, 128, 137, 141, 148, 162, 163, 241, 242, 244
Erik VII of Pomerania, Union King (1389–1440/42), 49, 245, 248, 251, 252, 254–57, 261, 262, 263, 265, 271–73, 278
Erik, St, King of Sweden (d. 1160), 46, 50, 51, 179, 196,
Eriksgata, 56
Erikskrönikan, 114, 154, 155, 170, 215, 216, 218
Erling Ormsson Skakke, Norwegian magnate, 54, 55, 57, 82
Erling Skjalgsson, Norwegian magnate, 17–20
Erslev, Kristian, 248
Esger Juul, Archbishop of Lund, 159, 160
Eskil, Archbishop of Lund, 79, 81, 82, 85, 157
estates (social), 120, 195, 280
Esther, 144
Estonia, 41
Ethelred, King of England, 24, 68
Eucharist, 70
Eufemia, Queen of Norway, 223
European Union, 6, 7
excommunication, 84, 157, 158
Eystein Erlendsson, Archbishop of Nidaros, 79–82, 84, 157, 178, 179, 206, 207
factions, 20, 21, 56, 82, 84, 258
fashion, 225
feudalism, 36, 146, 159, 212, 290
feuds, 5, 93, 94, 95, 105
Fimreite, Battle of, 59, 112
fines, 71, 74, 89, 90, 92, 94, 95, 98–101, 105, 124, 125, 130, 158, 161, 221, 282
Finland, 9, 10, 14, 46, 47, 238, 265
Fodevig, Battle of, 53, 110
fostering, 153
France, 22, 94, 113, 139–41, 147, 190, 223, 271
Franciscans, 74, 203
Frederick Barbarossa, German emperor, 41, 82, 212
Frederick II, German emperor, 42
Frederik, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein = Frederik I, King of Denmark, 259, 267, 270, 273, 274, 283, 284, 286
French Revolution, 292
friendship, 19, 21, 87, 143, 148, 156, 182, 212, 225, 230
Funen, 107, 285
Fyrkat, 107
Galicia, 22
Gejer, Erik Gustaf, 252
Gellner, Ernst, 228
genealogies, 52, 205, 206
Germany, 7, 14, 28, 33, 35–39, 41, 42, 47, 48, 49, 63, 67–69, 74, 77, 112, 135, 138, 139, 147, 190, 236, 241, 243, 263, 264, 274, 284
gifts, 19, 77, 79, 82, 94, 130, 189, 194, 230, 231; exchange of, 12, 34
Gissur Torvaldson, Icelandic chieftain, 156
godar, 44, 45
godord, 45
Gorm, King of Denmark, 60, 63
Gotland, 14, 63, 170, 244, 256, 274, 291
grain, 10, 11, 17, 19, 133, 134
Greenland, 24, 44, 184
Gregory VII, Pope, 5, 80
Gudmund, Icelandic chieftain, 1
guilt, subjective, 89, 98
Gujamar, 226, 227
Gulating, 87
Gulf Stream, 10
Gullbekk, Svein, 126
Gunnhild, Norwegian Queen, 87
Gustaf I Eriksson Vasa, King of Sweden (1523–60), 259, 266, 267, 270, 280, 282, 283, 285, 291
Gustaf III, King of Sweden, 51
Gustaf Trolle, Archbishop of Uppsala, 259
Gustafsson, Harald, 267, 269, 270
Gutasagan, 63
Gyldenstjerne, Danish noble family, 279
Habsburgs, 239
Håkon, bishop of Oslo, 237
Håkon Eiriksson, Earl of Lade (d. 1030), 206
Håkon Grjotgardsson, Earl of Lade (d. 995), 31, 206
Håkon Haraldsson the Good, King of Norway (c. 930–60), 109, 153
Håkon IV Håkonsson, King of Norway (1217–63), 5, 43, 48, 49, 55, 57, 90, 102, 103, 112, 155, 156, 164, 212–14, 228, 236–38, 240
Håkon V Magnusson, Duke, later King of Norway (1299–1319), 114, 141, 153, 154, 164, 171, 172, 183, 215, 221, 223, 225, 229, 241, 242
Håkon VI Magnusson, King of Norway and Sweden (d. 1380), 113, 221, 242, 244–46, 250, 270
Halland, 48, 241, 242, 267
Hamburg, 41, 63, 77, 212
Hamburg-Bremen, archdiocese of, 68, 77
håndfæstning, see election charters
Hans, Union King (1481/83–1513), 154, 258, 259, 264, 266, 273, 278
Hans Brask, Bishop of Linköping, 279
Hansa, 254, 264
Harald Bluetooth, King of Denmark (d. 985/86), 23, 29, 31, 35, 43, 53, 60, 65, 67, 68, 107, 109
Harald Finehair, King of Norway (d. c. 930), 31, 37, 43, 53, 66, 67, 153, 205, 206
Harald Hardrada, King of Norway (1046–66), 23, 25, 29, 31, 32, 35–37, 39, 43, 54, 60, 62, 65, 66, 126, 205, 206
Harald Klak, Danish king (9th century), 25
Harald Maddadson, Earl of the Orkneys, 43
Harthacnut, King of Denmark and England (1035–42), 32, 52
Haskins, Charles Homer, 3
Håtuna, 215–17, 241
Hebrides, 24, 43, 44, 48, 214
Hector, 12
Heimskringla, 17–19, 204, 209, 210, 213
Henry, Count of Schwerin, 42
Henry I, King of Germany, 36
Henry II, King of England, 141
Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, 41
Hercules, 12
hierarchy, ecclesiastical, 64, 78, 122; social, 2, 4, 78, 120, 121, 185, 218, 223
hird, 45, 225
Hird Law, 154
Hobbes, Thomas, 1
holidays, ecclesiastical, 71, 89, 196
Holstein, 49, 243, 254, 259, 263, 264, 284
Holy Communion, 70
Holy Land, 28, 40, 47, 198, 199, 230
Homer, 3, 12
homicide, 80, 90, 93, 95, 102, 159
honor, 17, 18, 62, 93, 100, 194, 213, 221, 222, 228, 229
honor of the crown, 221, 222
hospitality, 17–19, 216
Hungary, 7, 35, 36, 69, 77, 206, 239, 282, 283
Hvide kindred, 82
Ibsen, Henrik, 2
29
Iceland, 6, 11, 24, 44, 45, 63, 72, 87, 93, 155, 174, 177, 179, 180–86, 189, 203, 205, 213, 214, 223, 231
Igor (=Ingvar), Russian King, 23
incest, 71, 98
Ingebjørg Håkonsdatter, Norwegian princess, 215, 242
Ingeborg Eriksdatter, Danish princess, Queen of Norway, 155, 196, 236–38, 240, 241
Investiture Contest, 77, 219
Italy, 35, 139, 201, 232
ius patronatus, 79
Ivan III, Grand Prince of Moscow, 264
Jacob Erlandsen, Archbishop of Lund (1252–74), 159
Jacob Nielsen, Danish Count, 241
Jakob Ulvsson, Archbishop of Uppsala, 279
Jämtland, 83
Jelling, 31, 60, 189
Jens Grand, Archbishop of Lund, 159, 160, 181
Jogaila, Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, 239
Johan III, King of Sweden, 285
John of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia, 239
Joseph, 3, 144, 178
Jøsse Eriksson, 251–54
judges, 89–92, 102, 103, 106, 146
juries, 91, 92, 105
jurisdiction, ecclesiastical, 79, 105, 106, 157, 159; royal, 150, 159
justice, administration of, 71, 72, 88, 89, 91–94, 101, 104–06, 119, 120, 130, 169, 178, 211, 213
Jutland, 10, 18, 29, 35, 42, 49, 50, 60, 65, 82, 90, 93, 98, 102, 107, 114, 146, 162, 163, 243, 274, 285
Kalmar, 3, 49, 59, 136, 155, 218, 238, 246, 248, 250, 252, 253, 256, 257, 268, 270, 276, 288;
Kalmar Union, 3, 49, 59, 155, 218, 238, 248, 250, 252, 253, 257, 268, 270–73, 276–79, 287, 291
Kalundborg, 244
Karelia, 47, 170
Karl Chronicle, 253
Karl Knutsson, Swedish magnate, King of Sweden (d. 1470), 251, 253, 256–58, 266, 277, 279
Kiev, 23
Kinck, Hans E., 229
kingship, see monarchy
kinship, 16, 19–21, 71, 82, 89, 98, 99, 101
kjertisveinar, 153
knights, 94, 110, 116, 117, 215, 226, 230
Knud Lavard, Danish duke (d. 1131), 53
Knud II, St, King of Denmark (1080–86), 39, 40, 51, 178, 179, 196, 213
Knud III Magnusen, King of Denmark (1146–57), 110
Knud VI, King of Denmark, 41, 90, 85, 102
Kola Peninsula, 23
Tyge Krabbe, Danish nobleman, 154
Kurt Rogge, Bishop of Strängnäs, 177, 279
Ladislaus, King of Poland (=Jogaila, Duke of Lituania) 239
Ladoga Sea, 22
Lais, 223
land rent, 122, 124, 125, 134, 233, 235
landownership, 15, 45, 92, 105, 122, 123, 125, 134, 137, 146, 167, 171, 172, 234
Largs, Battle of, 113
Lateran Councils, 70, 89, 90
law, canon, 80, 90, 101, 102, 106, 131, 176; of Frostating, 51, 109; of Gulating, 44, 74, 87, 98, 99, 109; of Jutland, 102; provincial, 16, 18, 74, 101, 102, 106; Roman, 102, 106; of succession, 54, 55, 81, 167
lawman, 91, 92
leding, 108, 109, 112, 125, 128, 129, 131, 159
legate, papal, 81
legislation, royal, 102, 103, 119, 150
Lejre, 18, 204
len, 46, 84, 130, 146, 162, 166, 235, 236, 244, 246, 258, 262, 265, 271, 279, 286, 289; terminology of, 146
liberty, ecclesiastical (libertas ecclesiae), 79, 157
Lindisfarne Monastery, 21
Linköping, 161, 200, 202, 279
Lisbon, 22
literature, chivalrous, 223, 226, 229, 231
Lithuania, 239, 267, 268
Ljósvetninga Saga, 1
Lofoten, 14, 18, 132
Lönnroth, Erik, 248, 249, 252–54, 256, 260
Louis of Bavaria, German Emperor, 243
Louis the Pious, Carolingian Emperor, 22
Lübeck, 41, 135, 252, 254, 259, 275, 284
Lund, 72, 74, 77, 78, 90, 130
Luxembourg, Dynasty of, 239
magic, 66, 71, 195
Magnus Barelegs, King of Norway (1093–1103), 43, 48
Magnus Birgersson, King of Sweden (1275–90), 160–62, 230, 240
Magnus Birgersson, Swedish prince (d. 1320), 242
Magnus Eriksson, King of Norway (1319–74) and Sweden (1319–64), 113, 148, 150, 161, 164, 198, 216, 220, 221, 242, 244, 245, 264, 270
Magnus Erlingsson, King of Norway (1161–84), 54, 55, 59, 81, 82, 112, 230, 281
Magnus Håkonsson the Lawmender, King of Norway (1263–80), 90, 100, 103, 164, 155, 157, 158, 164, 236, 240
Magnus Nielsen, Danish prince (d. 1134), 53
Magnus Olavsson, King of Norway (1035–47), 32, 52, 54
Mainz, 25
Maitland, F. W., 3
Malangen, 131
Mälar valley, 10
Mälaren, Lake 29, 55, 136
Malmö, 139, 284
Man, 43, 44, 48, 185, 214
Mann, Michael, 5
Mardocheus, 144
Margaret Eiriksdatter, Norwegian princess, 240
Margrete (1353–1412) Union Queen, 93, 155, 242, 244–46, 249, 250, 252, 254, 255, 262, 263, 273, 277
Margrete Sambiria, Queen of Denmark (d.1282), 162, 163, 236, 237
Marie de France, 223
marriage, 16, 20, 21, 54, 71, 80, 87, 155, 196, 215, 236–42, 244, 245, 291; definition of, 80
marshal, 140
mass, 70, 109
Mathias Corvinus, King of Hungary, 282
Matts Kettilmundsson, Swedish magnate, 171
Mecklenburg, 7, 244–46
Melchisedech, 83
mendicants, 73, 190, 191, 193, 203
merchants, 133–35, 137, 139, 275, 284; German, 133, 134, 136–38
miners, 136, 235, 258
missionaries, 62–65, 69
mistresses, 21
Mjøsa, Lake, 11
monarchy, 8, 12, 34, 51, 52, 57, 59, 68, 81–83, 85, 104–06, 119, 123, 125, 126, 146, 150, 157–59, 161–69, 174, 176, 213, 214, 218–22, 228, 235, 245, 248–50, 255, 267, 270, 275, 277, 278, 280, 283, 288, 289; elective, 53–57, 149, 150, 163, 164, 220, 271, 275; hereditary, 52, 53, 55–57, 150, 163, 167, 220, 287
monasteries, 22, 25, 72, 176, 196, 198, 200, 234, 285; Benedictine, 72; Cistercian, 72
Mongols, 116
Moore, R. I., 5, 140
mortality, 122, 232, 233
murder, 50–52, 58, 59, 88, 91, 97, 100, 101, 155, 159, 160
Muslim world, 59
Napoleon, 7
nation, idea of 3, 5, 169–71, 212, 258, 261
Netherlands, 69, 139
New Testament, 84, 193
Nidaros, 67, 72, 77, 134, 179, 210
Niels Ebbesen, 243
Niels, King of Denmark (1104–34), 53, 110
Nikolas, friar, 236
Nonnebakken, 107
Normandy, 22, 36, 65
North America, 24
North Sea, 24, 43, 46, 48, 135, 238, 278
Northumbria, 21, 22
Novgorod, 47, 264
nunneries, 237
nuns, 80, 200
Nyborg, 92
Nydala monastery
Nyköping, 155, 215, 216
Odense, 107, 178
Odysseus, 12
Ofeig, 1
Öland, 14
Olav Haraldsson, St., King of Norway (1015–30), 17–19, 32, 36, 43, 51, 54, 63, 65–68, 178, 179, 196, 206–08, 210, 211
Olav Håkonsson, Union King (d. 1387), 242, 245, 273
Olav Tryggvason, King of Norway (995–1000), 27, 31, 32, 36, 43, 63, 65, 67, 68, 179, 206, Old Testament, 103, 220
Olga (=Helga), Russian Queen, 23
Olof Skotkonung, King of Sweden (d. 1022), 33, 55
On the Government of Kings and Princes, 220
ordeals, 88
Øresund, 28, 29, 32, 244, 278
Orkneys, 24, 43, 44, 47, 264
Orosius, 25, 131
Oslo, 29, 114, 118, 143, 229, 230, 237, 255
Oslofjorden, 29, 33, 39, 57
&nb
sp; Östergötland, 55
Ottar, Norwegian chieftain, 25, 131, 132
Otto I, German Emperor, 35, 36, 65, 68
Otto II, German Emperor, 35
Otto IV, German Emperor, 42
outlawry, 89, 93
Øystein Haraldsson, King of Norway (1142–57), 19
paganism, 45, 62, 65, 185
pallium, 79
parishes, 74, 131, 182
peasants, 92, 104, 121–23, 125, 128, 129, 137, 146, 147, 166, 167, 193, 233–35, 251, 253, 256, 258, 269, 279–281, 287
penance, 80
Perth, 44
Philip IV, King of France, 113
Philoctetes, 12
Pietro Querini, 132
piety, 193–95, 202, 213
Poland, 7, 35, 69, 77, 239, 267, 268, 285
Politics (by Aristotle), 219
Pomerania, 7, 49, 245, 256, 261, 263, 265, 271, 272, 274, 278
pope, 5, 77, 78, 80, 81, 83, 160, 198, 199, 200, 277, 284
Poppo, German missionary, 60, 62, 63, 67
population, size of, 10, 14, 24, 25, 40, 45, 104, 107, 113, 117, 122–25, 127, 132, 133, 136, 140, 146, 147, 177, 189, 228, 232–34, 236, 277, 287
Premonstratensians, 73
Priam, King of Troy, 12
primogeniture, 56. See also succession to the throne
princesses, 21, 238–40
privileges, 41, 48, 81, 111, 120, 157, 158, 160, 250, 256, 259, 260, 283
Protestantism, 8, 71, 187, 189, 202, 203, 275, 284, 285
provosts, 72, 91
Reformation, 3, 8, 82, 139, 177, 203, 268, 275, 283–86, 288, 292
regicide, 58, 119, 149, 150, 167, 168
regimen politicum, 219, 248, 249, 256, 260
regimen regale, 219–21, 248, 249, 254, 255, 256, 260, 262, 263
relatives, see kinship
religion, 6, 34, 45, 60, 64, 66, 68, 121, 143, 186, 189, 190, 193, 194, 196, 198, 201–03, 206
rent of land, 134, 233, 234
revenge, 17, 20, 31, 40, 90, 93, 94, 97, 100, 105, 181, 194, 227
Reynolds, Susan, 5
Riga, 160
Rigsthula, 15, 120
Riksdag. See diet
Rimbert, missionary and Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen, 25, 62
Robert, Brother, 223
Romans, 12, 14, 177, 187, 205, 206
Rome, 69, 79, 179, 198, 200, 204, 211
Rosenkrantz, Danish noble family, 279
Roskilde, 130, 139, 181
Røst, 132
royal office, see monarchy
royal official, 20, 117, 118, 141, 143
Rügen, 28, 39, 40
Rus, 22, 23
Russia, 23, 36, 69, 126
Russians, 46, 47, 171, 265
sacrifice, 14, 18, 70, 195
sagas, Icelandic, 88, 94, 97, 100
Sami, 9, 46, 48, 132, 214
Saul, 58, 78, 79